1、基础夯实篇第一部分 语法突破专题一冠词1. (2014江西卷)They chose Tom to be _ captain of the team because they knew he was _ smart leader.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 2. (2014天津卷)Life is like _ ocean; only _ strongwilled can reach the other shore.A. an; the B. the; a C. the ；/ D. / ; a3. (2014浙江卷)The paper is du
2、e next month, and I am working seven days _ week, often long into _ night.A. a; the B. the; / C. a; a D. /; the4. (2014陕西卷)_ village where I was born has grown into _ town.A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a5. (2014重庆卷)I cant tell you _ way to the Wilsons because we dont have _ Wilson here in th
3、e village.A. the; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; /6. (2013全国新课标卷)India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle.A. /; a B. the; a C. an; / D. an; the7. (2013江西卷)Animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man.A. a; / B. the; the C. a; the D. /; /8. (2013陕西卷)Marco Polo is said to hav
4、e sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _ thirteenth century.A. the; a B. a; / C. /; the D. the; the9. (2013重庆卷)The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee.A. a ; / B. the ; / C. the ; an D. a; an10. (2013山东卷)It was _ cold winter night and the moon was
5、shining brightly across _ night sky.A. /; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; /1. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：他们选Tom为队长，因为他们知道他是个聪明的领导。第一空，独一无二的职位名称captain作表语， 一般不加冠词，偶尔加定冠词the; 第二空，表泛指，只能用a。2. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：生活就像海洋一样，只有意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。第一空，ocean不表具体，是泛指，用不定冠词；第二空，“形容词定冠词”表一类人。3. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：论文下月要交。我现在每周工作七天，经常一直到深夜。a wee
6、k every week; long into the night far/deep into the night。4. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：我出生的那个村庄现在已发展成了城镇。village后有定语从句修饰，表特指；town表泛指，用不定冠词。5. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：我们村没有一个名叫Wilson的人，所以我没法告诉你去Wilson家的路。the way to.(通往的路)，是习惯表达；人名前加不定冠词表“一个名叫的人”。6. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意： 印度经过长期斗争后， 在1947年获得了独立。因为independence是抽象名词，在本句表泛指，故前面用零冠词；
7、struggle 为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故第二空填a。7. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：动物显然是一种比人类低级的生命形式。第一空，表泛指，表示“一种形式”；第二空，man表示“人类”，前面不加冠词。8. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：据说在13世纪，Marco Polo去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。 在海洋、江河等专有名词前要用the; thirteenth是序数词，前面也要用the。9. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意： 这对父母对他们儿子需要做膝部手术的消息感到震惊。 第一空，news后有同位语从句，解释说明news的内容，表特指， 故使用定冠词the; 第二空，表示“在膝部做的一个手术
8、”，表泛指，故用不定冠词an。10. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：那是一个寒冷冬天的夜晚，月亮穿过夜空明亮地闪耀着。第一空，泛指某个寒冷冬天的夜晚，用不定冠词a；第二空，特指那个晚上的夜空，用定冠词the。冠词部分主要考查其基本用法以及考生灵活使用冠词的能力。近年热点为冠词的固定搭配、名词表泛指或特指时与冠词的习惯用法。有时也会考核独一无二的职位名称前有无冠词和专有名词前加不定冠词的类指用法。虽然近四年来，江苏省高考的单项填空中未曾对冠词进行考核，但在书面表达中，学生是否能够正确运用冠词直接反映出学生驾驭冠词能力的高低。要点储备一：不定冠词的用法1指一类人或事、每一个，相当于a kind of
9、 A plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”，相当于every, per, oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”，相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out. That boy is rather a Lei Feng / an Einstein.6抽象名词具体化，
10、表示一个具体的人或物或事时，可用不定冠词(详见名词表格)There is no doubt that the meeting will be a great success. a good knowledge / understanding /command/. of sth.7用于一些习语中： a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time, as a matter of fact, in a word, do sb. a favor, pay a visit to, have a cold
11、/headache/fever, all of a sudden, a handful, a length of(一根，一段), a wealth/mass of, a variety of, a depth of, a total of, an average of要点储备二： 定冠词的用法：1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于表世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于
12、西洋乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人或事the rich, the living/missing, the wounded/injured/employed比较：The injured were rushed to the nearest hospital. The unknown is yet to come.6表示“一家人”或“某夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级、最高级前；无比较范围时，“a most 形容词原级”意为“十分、非常、极”He is the taller of
13、the two children. Mobile phones are a most useful invention.8用于国家党派机构等，江河湖海，山川群岛海峡，由普通名词构成的朝代建筑杂志的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French, the Sahara, the Taiwan Strait, the History Museum, the Artic, the Alps, the Childrens Palace, the Song Dynasty, The Times9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The
14、 compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指某世纪的某个年代in the 1990()s11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour. measure the park by the yard, sell the eggs by the dozen/the gram12用于方位名词、身体部位名词、表示时间的词组前vt. sb. in / by / on the 身体部位He patted me on the shoulder. (in the) north of, in the morning13“the 比较级”
15、的情形the taller of the two men; the more., the more; Which is the. n， A or B？； change for the bettertake a turn for the better; so much the better14用于一些习语中： on the increase/rise/decrease/decline, in the long/short run/term, at the sight/sound/thought of, on the fly, on the run/move, to the rescue of,
16、pleasant to the ear/eye, for the better/worse, on the other hand, in the way, for the time being, the same, the opposite, play the fool(装傻)要点储备三： 零冠词的用法1专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名地名等名词前表示地点的专有名词一般不用定冠词修饰，但当指特定时期的某地或某地的主要特征时，应用定冠词Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air the China (of)today, the America of t
17、he last century, the New York of China2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. Whose purse is this？3季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前；this kind/ sort of后的名词前March, Sunday, National Day, spring比较：the Spring/Lantern/Dragonboat/Midautumn Festival，in the October of 1958, in the sum
18、mer of 20094表示独一无二的头衔的名词，在句子中作表语、补语、同位语或在as后时Lincoln was made President of America.5学科、语言、球类、棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.9man表 “人类”，word表 “消息；承诺”时；a
19、s引导让步状语从句时，单数名词前不加冠词be beneficial to man, Word came that从句The news came that从句， leave word with sb. that从句10用于一些习语中：out of sight/mind/touch/breath/order/date/control/fashion/danger/patience/step/charity/curiosity/pity, lose heart, give way to, keep pace with, find fault with, set foot on, turn write
20、r, catch sight of, lost track of, second to none, heart and soul, at sea, at risk, at first sight/glance, with ease, at ease, with anger, from morning till night, on board, on show, on arrival, in danger, in general, in size, in sight/view, in trouble, in good health/condition, in great demand/need
21、of, in honor/memory of, in favor of, in place of, in face of要点储备四： 有些习语中有无冠词意义很不一样，但一般说来，前无冠词，表示抽象意义，前有冠词，则表具体意义out of question不成问题out of the question不可能go to church做礼拜go to the church去教堂take place发生take the place of代替in hospital 生病住院in the hospital 在医院in front of在(外部的)前面in the front of在(内部的)前面three
22、 of us我们中的三个人the three of us我们三个人on earth究竟on the earth在地球上of age成年of the/an age同龄lose colour脸色苍白lose the colour褪色lose heart气馁lose ones heart to. 爱上by day在白天by the day按日计算in charge of负责in the charge of由负责in possession of拥有in the possession of为所有in office在执政in the office在办公室里in future从今以后，将来in the fu
23、ture未来重点突破靠双基一基为“基础知识的积累”。冠词用法繁琐复杂，是考查的重点也是学习中的难点，故日常的积累非常重要。同时要多留意短语中冠词的运用。二基为“基于考题的语境”，判断冠词后的名词可数还是不可数，泛指还是特指，单数还是复数，类指还是特指，最后定夺冠词的运用。1. Have you heard of _ death of Nelson Mandela? Oh, really? It will be _ shock to the world.A. /; the B. a; the C. /; a D. the; a 2. Thanks to _ drama currently on
24、air, Man from the Stars, South Korean TV dramas have attracted _ wider audience. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. a; /3. How many people are still leading _ life under _ poverty line in the world? Perhaps one fourth.A. the; / B. a; the C. a; a D. /; /4. Many people dont think much of the movie. I th
25、ink differently. In _ way, it is a very good film. And _ photographed scene is very beautiful.A. a; a B. the; the C. a; / D. a; the5. Its really _ comfort to the professor that his son has been admitted to _ Harvard University.A. a; / B. the; / C. /; the D. the; the6. _ online antifirework campaign
26、started this very year is _ good platform to change the way people celebrate the New Year.A. The; the B. The; a C. An; a D. An; the7. Did you enjoy yourself yesterday? Yes. As you saw, _ party went on in _ most pleasant atmosphere.A. the; a B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a8. Most scientists seem to agr
27、ee that _ certain limit should be set on _ consumption of cars to ease air pollution.A. a; the B. /; the C. the; / D. the; the9. People are living in _ world where mouse clicks rule our life，so online searches have become _ must.A. the; / B. /; a C. a; a D. a; the10. I dont think our first test of t
28、he robot is _ failure, and you know we have learned _ valuable experience for our future tests.A. /; / B. /; a C. a; a D. a; /11. Can I take _ result of the testing out? The lab is in _ charge of Philip, and youd better ask him for permission.A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. the; the12. Hearing the wo
29、rds, the girl, red in _ face, gave the man a forced smile, and went backward, keeping him at _ distance.A. /; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the13. Throwing away traditional agriculture to make _ way for modern agriculture is a growing trend around China, and some provinces are leading _ way.A. /; th
30、e B. the; a C. /; a D. the; the 14. The tourists stood at the top of the mountain in _ east of the city, watching _ burning sun rising.A. the; a B. /; the C. /; / D. /; a15. As environment protection is becoming _ public concern, _ government is determined to pay more attention to the issue.A. /; th
31、e B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the1. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：你听说Nelson Mandela去世了吗？哦，真的吗？这将是一件让全世界都震惊的事情。第一空，the death of Nelson Mandela特指Nelson Mandela的去世；第二空后shock是抽象名词具体化，a shock表“一件令人震惊的事情”。2. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：由于现在热播的电视剧来自星星的你，韩国电视剧已吸引了更多的观众。热播的电视剧中来自星星的你只是其中的一部，所以用不定冠词；a wider audience(更广泛的观众群)。3. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：
32、世上有多少人依然生活在贫困线以下？大约四分之一。第一空，过着怎样的生活，习惯上用不定冠词a; 第二空，poverty line应表既定的标准，用定冠词。4. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：很多人对这部电影并不看好。我有不同的想法。在某种程度上，这是部好电影。并且所拍摄的场景很美。第一空，in a way(在某种程度上)是固定短语；第二空，表电影中的场景，是特定的。5. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：对这个教授而言，儿子被哈佛大学录取的确是件令人安慰的事。第一空，comfort是抽象名词具体化，a comfort表示“一件令人欣慰的事情”，指下文从句所讲的事；第二空，Harward Universi
33、ty是专有名词，前不加冠词。6. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：就在今年网上发起的反对燃放烟花的运动是一个改变人们庆祝新年方式的好平台。第一空，“就在今年发起的反对燃放烟花的运动”是特指；第二空，“改变人们庆祝新年方式的好平台”可以有很多，这只是其中的一个而已，故用不定冠词。7. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：你昨天玩得愉快吗？是的，如你所见，这个聚会在一个非常愉快的气氛中进行。第一空，特指“昨天的聚会”；第二空，a most表“非常，很”。8. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：大部分科学家似乎赞成为了减轻空气污染，对汽车消费量应该设有一定的限制。第一空，a certain(某一；一定的)；第二空，用
34、the特指“汽车的消费”。9. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：人们生活在一个鼠标点击统治生活的世界，所以网络搜索成了必须之事。第一空，用a表示“一个的世界”；第二空，a must意为“一件必须要做的事”。10. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：我认为我们对机器人的第一次试验并没有失败，大家知道我们已经为未来的试验学到了有价值的经验。第一空后的名词failure是抽象名词具体化， a failure(一件失败的事/人)；第二空，experience意为“经验”，是不可数名词。11. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：我能把测试结果拿出去吗？实验室是由Philip负责的，你得征得他的允许。第一空，result
35、后有定语修饰表特指；第二空，in the charge of 表被动概念，意为“由负责，由掌管”。12. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：听了这些话，那女孩涨红了脸，对那男人勉强笑了一下，然后向后退与他保持一定的距离。第一空，表身体部位的名词前用定冠词；第二空，keep sb. / sth. at a distance(与某人/事/物保持一定的距离)。13. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：在中国，放弃传统农业为现代化农业让道已成发展趋势，而且有些省份正起领先作用。make way for是固定短语，意为“为让道”；lead the way也是固定短语，意为“领先”。14. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：游客们站在城东的山顶上，观赏着火热的太阳冉冉升起。第一空，介词后的方向性名词前加定冠词；第二空，sun前有修饰语burning，表泛指，故用a。15. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：因为环境保护逐渐成为公众所担忧的事，政府决心更多地关注这个问题。第一空，concern为抽象名词具体化，a public concern(一件公众所关注、担忧的事)；第二空，特指政府。 请使用“课后训练语法专项突破一”活页练习，及时查漏补缺！