1、必修 Unit 4 单元主题语篇训练AIt is widely believed that smiling means a person is happy，and it usually occurs when theyre meeting another person or a group of people.However，a new study led by the body language expert Dr Harry Witchel shows this isnt always the case.In his research，he asked 44 participants ag
2、ed 1835 to play a geography quiz game consisting of nine difficult questions so that they often got the answer wrong.Participants seated interacted with a computer alone in a room while their faces were video recorded.After the quiz，the participants were asked to rate their experience using a range
3、of 12 emotions including“bored”，“interested”and“frustrated”Meanwhile，their facial expressions were then computer analysed frame by frame in order to judge how much they were smiling based on a scale of between 0 to 1.Dr Witchel said：“According to some researchers，a real smile reflects the inner stat
4、e of cheerfulness or amusement. However, behavioural ecology theory suggests that all smiles are tools used in social interactions, meaning cheerfulness is neither necessary nor rich for smiling. Our study showed that in these humancomputer interaction experiments, smiling isnt driven by happiness;
5、it is associated with subjective involvement (主观参与), which acts like a social fuel for smiling, even when socialising with a computer on your own.”Surprisingly, participants didnt tend to smile during the period when they were trying to figure out the answers.However，they did smile right after the c
6、omputer game informed them if their answer was correct or wrong.Participants smiled more often when they got the answer wrong.Dr Witchel added：“During these computerised quizzes，smiling was greatly increased just after answering questions incorrectly.This behaviour could be explained by selfratings
7、of involvement，rather than by ratings of happiness or frustration.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为微笑意味着一个人是快乐的，但是研究表明，微笑仅是社交的需要，并不表明这个人一定是快乐的。1Why did Dr Witchel use difficult questions in the quiz game?ATo make it hard for participants to answer them correctly.BTo make the answer period last as long as possib
8、le.CTo discover the most intelligent participants.DTo create a stressful situation for participants deliberately.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，设计难题的目的是让参与者难以答对题目，故A项正确。2What can we infer from what Dr Witchel said in Paragraph 4?AOther researchers opinion of a real smile is quite right.BSmiles arent necessar
9、ily useful tools in social interactions.CSubjective involvement doesnt motivate smiling in social interactions.DWitchels study finding is consistent with behavioural ecology theory.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段尾句可知，试验结果表明，微笑不是由快乐驱动的，它与主观参与有关；结合第四段第二句可知，行为生态学理论认为，所有的微笑都是社会交往中使用的工具，这意味着快乐对微笑来说既不是必要的，也不是丰富的。据此可以推断，
10、研究的结果与行为生态学理论一致，故D项正确。3What do we know about the text?AParticipants were asked to interact with each other in the quiz.BParticipants in the quiz smiled less often when they got the answer wrong.CIn Dr Witchels opinion, smiling is connected with subjective involvement.DDr Witchel thinks that a real s
11、mile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段尾句可知，Witchel博士认为，微笑不是由快乐驱动的，它与主观参与有关。故C项正确。4What can be a suitable title for the text?AWhat Contributes to Real Happiness?BHow to Identify Whether a Person Is Really Happy?CSmiling Doesnt Necessarily Mean HappinessDPeople Generally Hold a
12、 Wrong View on Happiness解析：选C标题归纳题。通读全文，并结合文章第一段第二句可推知，文章陈述了这样的事实：微笑仅是社交的需要，并不表明这个人一定快乐。故C项最适合作本文的标题。B Its hard to avoid getting angry. Even those who are relatively easygoing find themselves angry from time to time. Consider the following example： Youve been under extraordinary amounts of stress la
13、tely and your daughter is late coming home from a date. As she walks in the door, you blow up at her, screaming that shes grounded for a month. Anger is a messenger that tells us the fact that what is occurring is wrong, according to our beliefs and standards. In any event, anger like any other emot
14、ion, is not inherently (内在地) bad or wrong. Every feeling has a purpose and understanding what that is is critical to knowing how to use it in a positive and constructive way. Good anger is beneficial and results in positive changes for all those concerned. It finds solutions, uplifts, protects, corr
15、ects, and enriches lives. Bad anger, on the other hand, makes matters worse.It can cause physical, emotional and/or psychological pain, cause fear, damage relationships, cause the destruction of property, send people to prison, destroy lives, and even kill. Example: Your neighbors children ride thei
16、r bikes on your lawn (草坪) even though youve asked them several times not to.Bad anger: You are very angry and want to go next door immediately and scold the parents, telling them that their kids are unruly and that if they were good parents they would teach their kids to respect other peoples proper
17、ty. You then want to demand that they pay for the damages done to your lawn and threaten them with a lawsuit (诉讼) if they dont. Good anger: However, by giving yourself time to consider the real issues here, you determine that this is not necessarily an issue of bad parenting. Your real concern is th
18、e continued financial burden and time expended correcting the ongoing damage done by the children. The real issues, then, are your time and money. Having clearly identified them, you are now able to discuss those issues only, leaving any comments about your neighbors parenting abilities out of the d
19、iscussion. In this regard, you can hopefully preserve a respectful relationship with them.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了如何理性地表达愤怒。5What does the underlined part “blow up at her” in Paragraph 2 mean?ACare about her.BFill her with anger.CHurt her accidentally. DBecome very angry with her.解析：选D词义猜测题。本文围绕如何理性地表达
20、愤怒展开论述。根据第二段第一句及画线部分后的“screaming that shes grounded for a month”可推断，画线部分的意思应该是“对她发火”。6What is necessary to know how to use anger positively according to Paragraph 3?ARealizing what is going wrong.BKnowing that being angry is bad.CFinding out the purpose of your anger.DLetting yourself calm down imme
21、diately.解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“Every feeling has a purpose and understanding .in a positive and constructive way.”可知，弄清楚愤怒的目的对于正确表达愤怒很关键。7What is the main difference between good and bad anger in the lawn problem?AIf you talk to the parents.BIf you seek financial compensation.CIf you criticize the pare
22、nts for bad parenting.DIf you mention the damage caused by the kids.解析：选C推理判断题。对比最后两段可知，关于邻居家的孩子在草坪上骑车的问题，理性的愤怒不会批评邻居教子无方，而是着眼于问题的本质修复草坪带来的时间和金钱问题。这样，双方才有希望继续保持良好的关系。CIn the United States, the baby boomer generation include those that were born in the time after World War . Those babies have retired
23、 or are now reaching the retirement age. As these adults age, many of their adult children worry about how to take care of their aging parents. In the United States, it is not common for several generations to live under one roof. Once children grow up and get married, they move out, leaving their a
24、ging parents to care for themselves. When these aging parents can no longer take care of themselves because of age or illness, it is not uncommon for adult children in the US to place their elderly parents in a nursing home.A nursing home is a place that offers care for the elderly and ill. As the n
25、ame suggests, nursing homes have professionals include nurses, doctors and social workers to help aging adults deal with the challenges of daily life. And their mental health could be guaranteed for elderly people get relaxed, accompanied by those of the same age. Most nursing homes also have social
26、 activities for the elderly to participate in and keep active. These activities range from games to dance classes, and movie nights. Nursing homes are supposed to provide three nutritious meals for their residents (住户)Nursing homes are controversial, however. There have been cases across the country
27、 of staff in nursing homes treating the elderly residents badly and even robbing them. There are different states and federal agencies that are supposed to oversee (监管) nursing homes.Some people feel that it should be the responsibility of family members, especially adult children, to care for their
28、 aging or ill parents. However, many adult children have their own children and families to take care of, and do not have the means to care for their elderly parents; others worry about medical skills needed if their elderly parents are seriously ill. And these problems of caring for parents are bot
29、hering more and more adults in the US at present.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论的是美国的成年子女们目前面临的“养老问题”，介绍了“送养老院”和“在家养老”的利与弊，最后作者简要介绍了“在家养老”的实际困难，引发读者的思考。8What is the first paragraph mainly about?AWhen the baby boomer generation in the US were born.BWhether the elderly and their children should live together.CWhy
30、Americans put their elderly parents in nursing homes.DHow Americans look after their aging parents differently.解析：选C段落大意题。第一段说明了生育高峰期出生的一代人都渐渐变老，并且在美国，几代人同住一个屋檐下的情况很少见，因此养老问题日趋迫切，一些成年子女们将年迈的父母送到养老院。因此本段主要讲了这一行为的历史原因和文化原因。9How many advantages of nursing homes are mentioned?AThree.BFour.CFive. DSix.解析
31、：选B细节理解题。第二段介绍了养老院的基本情况和四个优势：有专业人员负责老人们的身体健康；与同龄人轻松相处保障了老年人的良好心理状况；多种多样的社交活动；营养美味的饭菜。10Whats the writers attitude toward sending parents to nursing homes?AIndifferent. BUnderstandable.CFavorable. DDisapproving.解析：选B观点态度题。第二段介绍了养老院的相关情况，说明了养老院养老的优势；第三段介绍了养老院存在的问题，这是人们反对养老院养老的原因之一；最后一段中在However一词后作者介绍
32、成年子女也面临着实际困难，养老问题困扰着越来越多的美国成年人。所以作者对“养老院养老”是理解的。11Whats the purpose of the text?ATo discuss how to care for aging parents.BTo ask the government to oversee nursing homes.CTo prove nursing homes do more harm than good.DTo show problems facing American adult children.解析：选D写作意图题。阅读全文可以看出，文章主要围绕美国成年子女们所
33、面对的“养老问题”展开，这已成为美国的一大社会问题，面对这一现状，成年人大都选择将年迈的父母送去养老院，这是美国的传统观念和现实情况造成的，但这种养老方式却引起了争议。另一方面，“在家养老”虽然天经地义，但也面临很多难题。tips 关注特定措辞，推断作者态度所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。解答此类题目时，要根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。例如上文第10题：