1、专题16 细节理解题解答技巧细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；3. 以According to 开头提问
2、方式；4. 以填空题的形式，如：（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_. （2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that_.（3）It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on_.（4）If you are interested in knowing about what peoples life will be, you may visit_. （5）The policemen were t
3、old “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that_ . （6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to_.5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速
4、在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句仔细品味，对照比较确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时
5、候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。1.描写类细节题描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过
6、程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。（2020海南高考真题） In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as man
7、y as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to
8、the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided. The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been w
9、riting about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic. Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Pe
10、troski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improve
11、ments, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore. Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.Success is success but th
12、at is all that it is, Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.1.What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?A.It carried more weight than it could.B.It swayed violently in a strong windC.Its roadway was damaged by vehiclesD.Its access was blocked by many people.2.
13、Which of the following is Dr. Petroskis idea according to paragraph 3?A.No design is well received everywhereB.Construction is more important than design.C.Not all disasters are caused by engineering designD.Improvements on engineering works are necessary.3.What does the last paragraph suggest?A.Fai
14、lure can lead to progress.B.Success results in overconfidenceC.Failure should be avoided.D.Success comes from joint efforts.4.What is the text?A.A news reportB.A short story.C.A book reviewD.A research article.【答案】1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书原谅设计：理解失败的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。1.细
15、节理解题。根据文章第一段“In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on th
16、e bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要
17、求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which
18、such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.”可知，虽然他
19、承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进
20、步，故选A。4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns.”可知，这个故事是原谅设计：理解失败一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的“Readers will encounter not only stories th
21、ey have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因
22、此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。2.信息寻找题、广告阅读题信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体
23、简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。（1）补全成分法省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补充为：A driver will
24、be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。（2）联想推测法在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。（2020海南高考真题）Pali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered. Broadcasti
25、ng Camp Become the next star reporter, news writer, director or producer. While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp. Every night it goes on the web, keeping parents and the world
26、informed of the happenings at Pali. Secret Agent Camp In the movie Mission Impossible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever. Campers who sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military sk
27、ills on the paintball field.Culinary Camp If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families. Street Art Camp This
28、 camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to create the coolest mural which will be displayed in public for all to see.5.How many camp
29、s does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer?A.2.B.4.C.17.D.21.6.What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp?A.Create a website.B.Run a news station.C.Meet a star reporter.D.Hold a dinner party.7.Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking?A.Broadcasting Camp.B.Secret Agen
30、t Camp.C.Culinary CampD.Street Art Camp.【答案】5.C 6.B 7.C【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的情况。5.细节理解题。根据第一段中“From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.”可知从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个非常独特的营地中的4个。由此可知，今年夏天巴利岛有17个露营地。故选C。6.细节理解题。根据第一段中“While running every aspect of our
31、own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp.”可知在经营好我们自己的新闻电台的方方面面的同时，孩子们和他们的营员们将在每天晚上的晚餐时，为整个夏令营创作并主持播出一个广播。由此可知，营员在广播营会经营一家新闻电台。故选B。7.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp
32、is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.”可知如果你的孩子喜欢呆在厨房里，那么烹饪夏令营绝对是最合适的选择。露营者学习烘焙、油炸和切菜的技术技能，以及一些他们可以带回家和家人分享的食谱。由此可知，Culinary Camp会吸引对烹饪感兴趣的孩子。故选C。3.数据计算题此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅
33、读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely
34、 uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua
35、 New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6,800 B. About 3,400C. About 2,400 D. Ab
36、out 1,200【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。4.图文转换题此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相
37、应的文字。可采用“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。（2015，四川卷）50.The card above is_A.a ticketB.a postcardC.an invitationD.an advertisement51.The party is for_A.a birthdayB.the QueenC.bee watchingD.the National Day52.According to the card ,if you are unable to go ,you can.A.return
38、 the cardB.visit the MuseumC.ignore the messageD.contact Alices mother【答案】50.C 51.A 52.D【解析】这是一张邀请函，是为了庆祝Alice的两岁生日。50.C 主旨大意题。根据文章的we are throwing a party 以及come bug with us.可知，这是一张邀请函，故选择C。51.A 细节理解题。根据文章中的 Alice is turning 2，可知，是为了庆祝生日的，故选择A。52.D 细节理解题。根据文章中的regrets to the Queen Bee at 601-555-41
39、11可知如果不能来，请打电话给妈妈，故选择D。5.代词指代题解题技能代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。（2016新课标卷III）On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Slide cafe and
40、 within minutes, another customer was approaching their table. Hey, arent you from Mississippi? the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. Im from Mississippi too. Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pu
41、lled up a chair. They began telling me all the news of Mississippi, Welty said. I didnt know what my New York friends were thinking. Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Weltys new friends immediately sent a waiter to
42、 find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚). My friends said: Now we believe your stories, Welty added. And I said: Now you know. These are the people that mak
43、e me write them.Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.I dont make them up, she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. I dont have to.Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats
44、, Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段)
45、 of a particularly interesting story.26. The underlined word them in Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys _.A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories【文章大意】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。26.D 【解析】画线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据Now we believe your stories可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，
46、听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。 I. 阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1RECOMMENDATIONBlue periodBlue Period focuses on students trying to pass entrance exams for art schools. The story centers around a second-year senior high school student with a passion for drawing w
47、ho aspires to study at the Tokyo University of the Arts. Yamaguchi provides realistic portrayals of art school exams, which are different from the tests of regular colleges. It has won the 2020 Cartoon Grand Prize, an annual award judged by bookstore employees and other manga enthusiasts.BeastarsBea
48、stars is a manga series written and illustrated by Paru Itagaki. This series was the winner of the 2018 Taisho Manga Prize. The story takes place in a world of modern, civilized, anthropomorphic animals with a cultural divide between the carnivores and herbivores. The series takes its name from the
49、in-universe rank of Beastar, an individual of great talent, service, and notoriety.Spy FamilySpy Family is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tatsuya Endo. The story follows a spy who has to “build a family” in order to execute a mission, not realizing that the girl he adopts as a da
50、ughter and the woman he agrees to be in a fake marriage with are a mind reader and an assassin respectively.Nodame CantabileIts the winner of the 2004 Kodansha Manga Prize. The son of a famous pianist, music student Shinichi Chiaki dreams of studying abroad and becoming a conductor like his mentor.
51、Unfortunately, his fear of flying grounds his lofty plans! As he watches other classmates achieve what he has always wanted, Shinichi wonders if he should quit music altogether. Then one day he meets fellow student Megumi Noda, also known as Nodame. This oddball girl cannot cook, clean, or even read
52、 a music score, but she can play the piano in incomparable Cantabile style. And she teaches Chiaki something that he has forgotten: to enjoy his music, no matter where he is.1.If you want to go to an art college to learn painting, you may choose .A.Blue periodB.BeastarsC.Spy FamilyD.Nodame Cantabile
53、2.Which of the following is not awarded a prize?A.Blue periodB.BeastarsC.Spy FamilyD.Nodame Cantabile3.If you want to experience happiness from a whole family, you may choose .A.Blue periodB.BeastarsC.Spy FamilyD.Nodame Cantabile【答案】1.A2.C3.C【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐了四本漫画作品，介绍了其故事内容和所获奖项等信息。1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“
54、The story centers around a second-year senior high school student with a passion for drawing who aspires to study at the Tokyo University of the Arts.(故事围绕一名热爱绘画的高二学生展开，他渴望进入东京艺术大学学习)”可知，如果你想去艺术学院学习绘画，你可以选择Blue period。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第一段中“It has won the 2020 Cartoon Grand Prize(荣获2020年卡通大奖)”；第二段中“This
55、 series was the winner of the 2018 Taisho Manga Prize.(这部漫画获得了2018年大正漫画奖)”；以及最后一段中“Its the winner of the 2004 Kodansha Manga Prize.(这是2004年讲谈社漫画奖的得主)”可知，Spy Family没有获奖。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The story follows a spy who has to build a family in order to execute a mission, not realizing that the girl he
56、 adopts as a daughter and the woman he agrees to be in a fake marriage with are a mind reader and an assassin respectively.(故事讲述的是一个间谍为了完成一项任务，不得不组建家庭，却不知道自己收养的女儿和假结婚的女人分别是读心术者和杀手)”可知，如果你想体验一个大家庭的幸福，你可以选择Spy Family。故选C。2 “All puppies are cute,” explains Clive Wynne, the head of Arizona State Univers
57、itys canine-science laboratory. “But not all puppies are equally cute. Indeed, recent research indicates that peak puppy cuteness serves important purposes and might play an important role in binding dog and owner together.In a study，Wynne and his colleagues sought to pin down, scientifically, the t
58、imeline of puppy cuteness. Their finding was: People consistently considered dogs most attractive when they were six to eight weeks old. This age, Wynne says, is an important developmental period: Mother dogs stop nursing their young around the eighth week, after which puppies rely on humans for sur
59、vival. Peak cuteness, then, is no accident.Humans seem to be especially vulnerable (脆弱的) to cute things. Research dating back to the 1940s shows that almost any creature with babylike features large eyes, a bulging forehead, short limbs is able to draw our liking. But puppy cuteness is uniquely huma
60、n-directed. Other research makes clear just why dogs seek to command our attention. Oxytocin, the so-called love hormone, has been found to suddenly increase in dogs and their owners after they look in each others eyes. In other words, the more dogs get us to look at them, the more tightly bonded (联
61、系) to them we grow.Born blind and basically deaf, puppies arent interactive (互动的) in their first weeks of life, and Wynne notes that many people find animals in this stage alien and unattractive. A recent study focused on humans showed that, similar to six-week-old puppies, six-month-old babies are
62、seen as significantly cuter than newborns, which inspires a flood of social interactions, such as petting, playing, and baby-talking. These acts are developmentally fundamental to both babies and puppies.4.From Wynnes research we can learn that cuteness is something_.A.puppies are born withB.that he
63、lps puppies surviveC.that increases steadily as puppies growD.that helps puppies to defend against danger5.What can-we learn about Oxytocin from the passage?A.Oxytocin is a hormone that will inspire love.B.Oxytocin is a hormone that only exists in dogs.C.Oxytocin can be increased by constant touch.D
64、.Oxytocin will increase greatly when dogs stare at us.6.The underlined word alien in Paragraph 4 probably means_.A.uniqueB.lovelyC.strangeD.dangerous7.Whats the best title for this passage?A.From ugly to cuteB.Mans best friendC.Survival of the cutestD.Loveliest animals: puppies【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.C【分析】本文
65、是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了狗狗的可爱度与人类之间的联系，并根据对于可爱度的研究，引发的对于人类与新生儿之间互动性的思考。4.细节理解题。根据第二段“This age, Wynne says, is an important developmental period: Mother dogs stop nursing their young around the eighth week, after which puppies rely on humans for survival. Peak cuteness, then, is no accident.”（Wynne说，这个年龄是一个重要的
66、发育时期:狗妈妈在第8周左右停止喂养它们的幼犬，之后幼犬依靠人类生存。因此，萌到极点并非偶然。）可知从Wynne的研究中，我们可以了解到“可爱”有助于小狗生存。故选B。5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Oxytocin, the so-called love hormone, has been found to suddenly increase in dogs and their owners after they look in each others eyes.”（催产素，也就是所谓的爱情荷尔蒙，被发现在狗狗和主人对视后会突然增加）可知我们能从文章中了解到催产素是一种能激发爱的荷尔蒙。故选
67、A。6.词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Born blind and basically deaf, puppies arent interactive (互动的) in their first weeks of life, and Wynne notes that many people find animals in this stage alien and unattractive. ”可知狗狗刚生下来时没有视觉和听觉功能，不与人互动，所以在这个阶段一般是陌生并且不吸引人的。此处的alien应该是“陌生的”意思，与strange意思相符。故选C。7.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Indeed, re
68、cent research indicates that peak puppy cuteness serves important purposes and might play an important role in binding dog and owner together.”（事实上，最近的研究表明，小狗的可爱程度达到顶峰是有重要作用的，而且可能在把狗狗和主人联系在一起方面发挥重要作用）结合全文内容，可知本文由狗及人，最后一段提到了根据狗狗可爱度的研究，引发了对于与新生儿互动的思考。因此，“最可爱的生存”最适合作文章标题。故选C。3I didnt understand the iro
69、ny immediately. Only on the way home. The book I had just returned to our library was called “Unquiet Landscape,” by Chritopher Neve. He widened my view.But the ironic word for me in his books title, I realized, was “unquiet”. It applied not to the landscape but to our local library. I have visited
70、it again since then, and my conclusion is much the same: There is no longer a quiet place.On both of my visits the library was packed with small children, and they were doing rather a lot of small-children things, such as dancing in circles, singing, jumping up and down, and so on. Various adults si
71、tting around were clearly not discouraging them, rather the opposite.I wasnt exactly shocked. But I have to say that my understanding of library behavior and purpose changed somewhat. All my upbringing about libraries was that they were sanctums, places of escape in a noisy world. If one so much as
72、cleared ones throat in a library, one was likely to be stared at by the librarians not to mention tolerating the disapproval of fellow library users enjoying their post-lunch nap. The first school I attended had a library that was entirely traditional in function. In it, we boys did (or were expecte
73、d to do) one thing only: read. The second school I attended allowed one to write as well as read in the library.Since those days, my attitude, I hope, has changed a little. Ive come across some very pleasant librarians eager to help with my projects. Some of them are surprisingly generous with provi
74、ding access to their books, which are as dear to them as their own children. And the silence rule has, over the years, become much less strict. Even quite loud laughter, I find, is not always frowned upon.8.What did the author do after finishing the book?A.He visited the lands mentioned in the book.
75、B.He expressed his admiration to the book winter.C.He kept his habit of staying quiet in the library.D.He made a close observation of the local library.9.What did the author find out about the adults in the library?A.They made lots of noise.B.They were soft with the kids.C.They didnt listen to the l
76、ibrarians.D.They couldnt stop their kids bad behavior.10.What change about the libraries has the author experienced in his schooldays?A.The libraries were more traditional in function.B.The libraries were expanding very fast.C.The libraries were more tolerant of noise.D.The libraries were getting be
77、tter-equipped.【答案】8.D9.B10.C【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在读了克里斯托弗写的不再安静的风景这本书后，进一步去探索当地的图书馆，作者发现不受传统规则束缚的图书馆给自己带来更好的体验。8.细节理解题。根据第二段“But the ironic word for me in his books title, I realized, was “unquiet”. It applied not to the landscape but to our local library. I have visited it again since then, and my c
78、onclusion is much the same: There is no longer a quiet place.(但我意识到，在他的书名中，对我来说具有讽刺意味的词是“不安”。它并不适用于风景，而是适用于我们当地的图书馆。从那以后，我又去了那里，我的结论大致相同：这里不再是一个安静的地方)”可知，作者在读完书后对当地图书馆进一步去了解。故选D。9.推理判断题。根据第三段“On both of my visits the library was packed with small children, and they were doing rather a lot of small-c
79、hildren things, such as dancing in circles, singing, jumping up and down, and so on. Various adults sitting around were clearly not discouraging them, rather the opposite.(我两次去图书馆的时候，图书馆里都挤满了小孩子，他们做了相当多的小孩子的事情，比如跳圈圈、唱歌、上蹿下跳等等。坐在周围的大人们显然并没有劝阻他们，反而纵容他们)”可知，在图书馆孩子们唱跳，上下蹦，大人们坐在旁边并没有进行制止，说明大人们对孩子很温柔。故选B。
80、10.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And the silence rule has, over the years, become much less strict. Even quite loud laughter, I find, is not always frowned upon.(多年来，必须保持安静的规则已经变得不那么严格了。我发现，即使是很大声的笑声，也并不总是遭到人反对了)”可知，图书馆变得更能容忍噪音。故选C。4Whether youre a comic fan or not, youre bound to have seen posters or social media
81、posts about Marvels newest blockbuster(大片), Black Panther. Black Panther was first created in 1966 by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and was transformed into a film this year. The story follows TChalla, a man living in a fictional African nation named Wakanda. Black Panther is the first non-white superhero
82、 to have his own film, making this a milestone movie.But what makes this film different from all the other Marvel films? Take a look at the cast list and youll find that the majority are black actors and actresses. Sure, black people have been in movies but look at the roles they play and youll find
83、 that they are often cast as the criminals, slaves or poverty-stricken individuals. Not this one!The film also takes a step forward in representation, as black children can now look up and see themselves and their stories represented in media where they couldnt before. For too long, a large portion
84、of our population has been under-represented in media, that group of people being those who are not white. So its refreshing and about time to have a film which celebrates Africa positively and adequately!Michelle Obama, the former first lady phrased it beautifully when she tweeted, “I loved this mo
85、vie and I know it will inspire people of all backgrounds to dig deep and find the courage to be heroes of their own stories. Thank you, the entire Black Panther team! Because of you, young people will finally see superheroes that look like them on the big screen. Her post has been shared more than 1
86、40,000 times.The film has become a hit. It has already broken records, having earned more that 607 million in the United States only since its release in Februry. In the following days, observers expect Black Panther will pass The Avengers as the highest-earning superhero film in history.11.Accordin
87、g to the passage, which fact sets Black Panther apart from the other films about black people?A.Black people are cast as the criminals and slaves.B.Africas landscapes and cultures are fairly shown off.C.Black people become superheroes for the first time.D.Black people have starred in the film Black
88、Panther.12.What do we know about Michelle Obamas attitude to the film Black Panther?A.She acknowledges the entire Black Panther team.B.She loves the film in that it was shot in Africa.C.Her post about the film received little reaction.D.She thinks the comic book Black Panther better than the film.13
89、.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the review?A.The box office.B.The cast.C.The special effect.D.The storyline.【答案】11.C12.A13.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章是一篇影评，文章主要介绍了电影黑豹的与众不同之处以及其受欢迎的原因。11.细节理解题。根据第一段的“Black Panther is the first non-white superhero to have his own film, making this a milestone movie.黑
90、豹是第一次非白人超级英雄有了自己的电影，使得这部电影具有里程碑意义。”和第二段的“Take a look at the cast list and youll find that the majority are black actors and actresses. Sure, black people have been in movies but look at the roles they play and youll find that they are often cast as the criminals, slaves or poverty-stricken individua
91、ls.看看演员明单，你会发现大多数是黑人男演员和女演员。当然，黑人一直出现在电影里，但看看他们的角色你就会发现，他们通常扮演罪犯、奴隶或贫困的人”可知，黑豹与其他有黑人的电影的不同之处是，它首次让黑人成为超级英雄。故选C。12.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“I loved this movie and I know it will inspire people of all backgrounds to dig deep and find the courage to be heroes of their own stories. Thank you, the entire Black Pan
92、ther team! Because of you, young people will finally see superheroes that look like them on the big screen.我喜欢这部电影，我知道它会激励各种背景的人们找到勇气，成为他们自己故事的英雄。谢谢整个黑豹团队。由于你们，年轻人最终会在大银幕上看到像他们一样（肤色）的英雄”可知，Michelle Obama高度赞扬了黑豹团队，肯定了该电影的积极租用。故选A。13.细节理解题。根据第一段的“Black Panther was first created in 1966 by Stan Lee and
93、 Jack Kirby and was transformed into a film this year. The story follows TChalla, a man living in a fictional African nation named Wakanda.黑豹由Stan Lee 和Jack Kirby最初创建于1966年，今年变成了一部电影。故事讲述的是居住在虚幻的非洲国家瓦坎达的特查拉”，第二段的“Take a look at the cast list and youll find that the majority are black actors and actr
94、esses. 看看演员明单，你会发现大多数是黑人男演员和女演员。”和最后一段的“It has already broken records, having earned more that 607 million in the United States only since its release in Februry. In the following days, observers expect Black Panther will pass The Avengers as the highest-earning superhero film in history.它已经打破记录，自二月
95、上映以来仅在美国就获得了超过6.07亿美元的票房。在接下来的几天里，观察员们预计黑豹将会超过复仇者联盟成为史上收入最高的超级英雄电影”可知，文章提到了黑豹的故事情节、演员阵容和电影票房。而特效没有提及。故选C。5For many of us, theres nothing better than burying our head in a good book. Whether its a gripping crime story or a biography of someones amazing life, its good to read a book to switch off from
96、 the distractions of everyday life and help us relax. Maybe thats why some of them are actually being prescribed as a remedy（治疗）to sickness.It may seem obvious that reading is good for us. It can be educational, and, as some say, it can broaden the mind”. A good novel can make us happy or sad, or ma
97、ke us cry as we empathies with characters. The power of books was recognised a few years ago by the British charity Reading Agency, who published a list of books that doctors could offer to patients, tackling topics from depression to dementia（痴呆）to chronic pain. It called this bibliotherapy（阅读疗法）an
98、d its become so successful that its about to be extended to children as well.Professor Philip Davis studies the effects of literature at Liverpool University and is author of a book called Reading for Life. He studies people in reading groups and found that its reading literature-written work though
99、t to have artistic merit that has the best effect.Of course, its easy in our smartphone generation to ditch a good book and fiddle with our phones instead. But opening up a paperback could be a simple way to help boost or maintain our mental health. Its thought they can help you set targets and find
100、 focus. And they may allow you to see that awkward situation youve been anxious about for weeks from someone elses perspective.If you re not an avid reader（书迷）it can be hard to know where to begin. If the Reading Agency book list doesnt appeal, you could read book reviews, visit a library or booksho
101、p or ask a friend. Once youve found the right text, you ll be hooked!14.What is the text mainly about?A.How to improve our mental health through reading.B.How to train and form our good reading habits.C.The material benefits of reading books.D.The physical and mental effects of literature on people.
102、15.What can we know from the second paragraph?A.Few people value the importance of reading.B.Doctors can not provide books patients need.C.Excellent novels always make us excited.D.Bibliotherapy is also available for children.16.What does Professor Philip Davis think is highly effective?A.Reading fo
103、r Life.B.Reading literature.C.Artistic merit.D.A paperback.17.What does the underlined word “they in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.Young people.B.Smart phones.C.Good books.D.Future targets.【答案】14.A15.D16.B17.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章认为阅读书籍对我们的身心是有益的。因此作者鼓励读者多读书。14.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“For many of us, theres nothing better
104、than burying our head in a good book. Whether its a gripping crime story or a biography of someones amazing life, its good to read a book to switch off from the distractions of everyday life and help us relax. Maybe thats why some of them are actually being prescribed as a remedy（治疗）to sickness.”（对我
105、们很多人来说，没有什么比埋头读一本好书更好的了。无论是扣人心弦的犯罪故事还是某人精彩生活的传记，读一本书都能让我们远离日常生活的干扰，帮助我们放松。也许这就是为什么他们中的一些实际上是作为治疗疾病的药方。）可知，此处告诉读者，读书的优点包括了远离日常生活的干扰帮助我们放松。同时再根据文章倒数第二段“Of course, its easy in our smartphone generation to ditch a good book and fiddle with our phones instead. But opening up a paperback could be a simple
106、 way to help boost or maintain our mental health. Its thoughttheycan help you set targets and find focus. And they may allow you to see that awkward situation youve been anxious about for weeks from someone elses perspective.”（当然，在智能手机时代，我们很容易丢掉一本好书，而去摆弄我们的手机。但是打开一本平装书可能是帮助促进或保持我们心理健康的一个简单方法。人们认为它们可
107、以帮助你设定目标，找到焦点。他们可能会让你从别人的角度去看待你已经焦虑了几个星期的尴尬处境。）可知，此处告知读者阅读书籍可以帮助促进或保持我们心理健康，同时能帮助我们设定目标化解尴尬。综合上所述，本文主要在讲书籍可以改善我们的心理健康。因此A项“书籍如何改善我们的心理健康”符合题意。故选A项。15.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It called this bibliotherapy（阅读疗法）and its become so successful that its about to be extended to children as well.”（它称之为阅读疗法，它非常成功，即将推广到儿
108、童身上。）可知，所谓的“阅读疗法”很快就会推广到儿童身上。故选D项。16.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He studies people in reading groups and found that its reading literaturewritten work thought to have artistic merit, that has the best effect.”（他研究了阅读小组中的人，发现阅读那些被认为具有艺术价值的文学作品，效果最好。）可知，Philip Davis教授认为阅读那些具有艺术价值的文学作品，效果最好。故选B项。17.词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“Its
109、 thoughttheycan help you set targets and find focus. And they may allow you to see that awkward situation youve been anxious about for weeks from someone elses perspective.”（人们认为它们可以帮助你设定目标，找到焦点。他们可能会让你从别人的角度去看待你已经焦虑了几个星期的尴尬处境。）可知，此处在强调“他们”的优点。而根据本段前文提到“Of course, its easy in our smartphone generati
110、on to ditch a good book and fiddle with our phones instead. But opening up a paperback could be a simple way to help boost or maintain our mental health.”（当然，在智能手机时代，我们很容易丢掉一本好书，而去摆弄我们的手机。但是打开一本平装书可能是帮助促进或保持我们心理健康的一个简单方法。）可知，此处在强调“一本好书”的有点。此处前后相互照应说明。故可推断本段中的they指代前文提及的“一本好书”。故选C项。6In 2019, Tan Zhou
111、hai was a villager in Hunan Province , shooting short videos of his everyday life and uploading(上传) them to the Internet to attract potential customers for farm products.Tan was used to his videos receiving dozens, sometimes a few hundred, likes from his audience on Chinese social media such as Douy
112、in. That changed when he uploaded a video of his 83-year-old grandfather who was dancing along to a popular song called Little Apple gained 10,000 likes.Inspired by this unexpected success, Tan asked his grandfather to perform often so that we could see the 30-year-old cooking for the elderly man, w
113、ho has lost all his teeth, wearing a pair of round sunglasses for added comic effect. The account now has 1.6 million fans and has received at least 3 million likes.Before my grandfather joined me, my account（账户） was just an ordinary one about food and was unnoticed on the internet, Tan told the Sou
114、th China Morning Post. After my grandfather joined, many of my fans have said they were touched. They said they liked my grandfather and think he is so cute.The countrys top two short video apps Douyin and Kuaishou each have more than 400 million monthly active users. More than 70 percent are younge
115、r than 35. Tans grandfather is just one of a number of elderly people.One online favourites include a 79-year-old woman known as Granny Wang Who Only Wears High-heeled Shoes and Yaoyangs Grandfather, an 80-year-old man who shares humorous stories of his everyday life in the dialect of northeastern C
116、hina. They have 16 million and 13 million subscribers（订阅）, respectively.Chen Duan, a data economy expert from Central University of Finance and Economics in Beijing, said developments in technology had made it easier for elderly people to use digital tools, leading to more of them becoming fans and
117、bloggers of short videos.Not every old person can be popular on the internet. It depends on their media sense, their feel in front of the camera and their acting skills, Chen said.18.What does the underlined word perform in Paragraph 3 mean?A.To make an audience happy by acting, singing or dancingB.
118、To do something such as a piece of work, task or dutyC.To move data to a large computer systemD.To become annoyed19.Tan became popular because .A.His grandfather is very cuteB.His videos moved his fans after his grandfather joined him,and he changed the content.C.He saw the video, we showed a dancin
119、g old man who has lost all his teeth wearing a pair of round sunglasses for added comic effect.D.His grandfather joined him.20.Which of the following is not true?A.Every old man can become popular online.B.Tan was not popular before his grandfather took partC.Most of active users in Douyin are young
120、 man.D.Development in technology changed old peoples life.21.Whats the best title of the passage?A.Elderly video stars in ChinaB.The young help the old become popular onlineC.How to become popular on the InternetD.Not every old person can be popular online【答案】18.A19.B20.A21.A【分析】本文属于说明文。通过介绍谭周海拍摄自己爷
121、爷的视频上传到网络，获得10000个赞，进而举例提到网络上其他类似谭周海爷爷的老年人在网络上也很受欢迎的事实，讲述了技术的发展使老年人成为了视频短片的粉丝和博客作者，让他们成了老年网红。18.词义猜测题。由第二段的“a video of his 83-year-old grandfather who was dancing along to a popular song”(他83岁的爷爷跟着一首流行歌曲跳舞的视频)和下文“so that we could see the 30-year-old cooking for the elderly man, who has lost all his
122、teeth, wearing a pair of round sunglasses for added comic effect. (这样我们就可以看到这位30岁的老人正在做饭，他已经失去了所有的牙齿，戴着一副圆形的太阳镜，以增加喜剧效果。)”，可知，受到视频的鼓舞，谭请经常请他的爷爷表演 ，与选项A“通过表演、唱歌或跳舞使观众快乐”意思相近。故选A。19.推理判断题。由“Tan told the South China Morning Post. After my grandfather joined, many of my fans have said they were touched.
123、 They said they liked my grandfather and think he is so cute.(谭先生告诉南华早报说：“在我爷爷加入之后，我的许多粉丝都说他们很感动。他们说他们喜欢我爷爷，觉得他很可爱。)可知，谭受欢迎的根本原因是网友因为可爱的爷爷表演被感动了，所以使得谭先生在网络上变得出名。选项B符合文意。故选B。20.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Not every old person can be popular on the internet.”（不是每个老人都能在网上受欢迎的。)可知，选项A.Every old man can become popular online.每个老人都可以在网上受欢迎。与文意矛盾，所以答案为A。故选A。21.主旨大意题。结合文章可知，本文讲述了谭周海拍摄自己爷爷跳舞的视频在网上赢得了网友的点赞，进而讲到网上另外的一位79岁的王奶奶，和一位80岁的姚洋的爷爷，同样在网上受到大量网友的喜欢，最后文章提到，技术的发展使得老年人使用数字工具变得更容易了，这样使得他们中更多的人成为视频短片的粉丝和博客作者。据此可知，文章讲的是老年网红。选项A符合文意。故选A。