1、Section_Grammar 构词法 语法图解探究发现chairman主席newspaper报纸hometown 家乡 airport 机场sunrise 日出dislike 不喜欢 incorrect 不正确的unlucky 不走运的 retell 复述telephone 电话reader 读者 inventor 发明家Chinese 中国人 Indian 印度人artist 艺术家 kindness 和蔼operation 手术water 水/浇水 dry 干的/弄干book 书籍/预订 nurse 护士/护理better 更好/改善我的发现(1)组中的单词是将两个单词合并在一起，形成一
2、个新的单词。这种构词法被称之为合成法。(2)组中的单词都是在各自的词根前加了不同的前缀，如dis， in， un， re， tele等。(3)组中的单词是在各自的词根后加了不同的后缀，如er, or, ese, ian等。(4)组中单词的构词法被称之为派生法。(5)组中的单词所展示的构词法被称之为转化法。英语中词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、派生和转化。一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“”连接，有的直接写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。1合成名词构成方式举例构成方式举例名词名词weekend周末动词名词postcard明信片名词动词daybreak破晓动词ing名词waitin
3、groom候车室名词动词inghandwriting书法形容词名词fastfood快餐2.合成形容词构成方式举例构成方式举例名词动词ingEnglishspeaking讲英语的形容词名词parttime兼职的名词动词edstateowned国有的形容词动词inggoodlooking相貌好的副词动词edwidespread分布广的形容词名词edwarmhearted热心的3.合成副词构成方式举例构成方式举例形容词名词sometimes有时副词名词indoors在室内介词名词alongside在一边副词介词nearby附近4.合成代词构成方式举例代词宾格selfherself她自己himself
4、他自己物主代词selfmyself我自己yourself你自己形容词名词anything任何东西somebody某个人5.合成动词构成方式举例名词动词sunbathe晒太阳typewrite打字形容词动词whitewash粉刷safeguard保卫副词动词overthrow推翻upset使生气名师点津(1)合成词的复数形式通常是把前面的主体名词变复数。若没有主体名词，则在最后一个词后面加复数形式。例如：fatherinlawfathersinlaw, growupgrowups。(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。例如：woman doctorwomen d
5、octors。(3)由“名词名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。例如：girlfriendgirlfriends。即时演练1(1)写出下列单词的汉语意思greenhouse温室sunset 日落farreaching 影响深远的heartfelt 由衷的hotfoot 匆忙地overcome 克服(2)将下列合成名词变为复数形式daughterinlawdaughtersinlawgobetweengobetweensmanteachermenteachersEnglishmanEnglishmen二、派生派生法是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。1前缀前缀一
6、般只改变单词的意思，不改变词性。分类举例常见否定前缀ilillegal非法的ununhappy不高兴的imimpatient不耐烦的disdisappear消失inincorrect不正确的nonnonstop不停irirregular不规则的表示其他意义的常见前缀anti(反对；抵抗)antiwar反战的sub(下面的)subway地铁inter(互相)Internet互联网re(再；又)rewrite重写en(使)enrich使富足pre(前；预先)preview预习post(后的)postwar战后mid(中；半)midnight午夜vice(副)vicemanager副经理micro(
7、微)microscope显微镜for/fore(先；预)forecast预报co(共；同)cooperation合作mini(小型)miniskirt迷你裙bi(双的)bimonthly双月的2.后缀后缀常会改变单词的词性，构成意思相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。分类列举举例常见名词后缀er/or(从事的人)，ese(某地人)，ess(雌性)，ian(的人)，ist(专业人员)，ism(主义)，ment(性质；状态)，ness(性质)，tion/ation(动作；过程)，dom(状态；区域)teacher 教师Japanese 日本人musician 音乐家ar
8、tist 艺术家movement 运动darkness 黑暗invention 发明常见动词后缀en(多用于形容词之后)，fy(使化)，ize(使成为)widen 加宽beautify 美化realize 意识到常见形容词后缀al, able, an, ble，ern, ful, ive，less, like, ly, y，ous, somenational 民族的reasonable 合理的American 美国的careful 细心的active 有活力的常见副词后缀ly(用于形容词后表示方式或程度)，ward(s)(表示方向)quickly 迅速地angrily 生气地northward
9、 朝北upward(s) 向上常见数词后缀teen, th, tythirteen 十三fourth第四即时演练2给下面单词加上适当的词缀incomplete不完全的impossible 不可能的enlarge 扩大recycle 再循环cooperate 合作international 国际的wooden 木制的widen 加宽scholarship 奖学金honesty 诚实三、转化转化举例名词动词hand手/递，watch手表/观看，smoke烟/吸烟，fish鱼/钓鱼名词形容词light光线/轻的，wrong错误/错的，right右边/对的动词形容词clean打扫/干净的，close关
10、上/近的，free使自由/自由的副词形容词enough足够地/足够的，last最后/最后的，hard努力/困难的读音不同词性不同这些词作动词时重音在后，作名词时重音在前：contest竞赛，export出口，increase增加，permit允许，progress进步，rebel反抗，record记录即时演练3写出下列句中加黑单词的词性和词义He is a man with a powerful build. 名词，体格Today, fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another.动词，运输The trai
11、n slowed down.动词，减缓Theyre running in the final. 名词，决赛You should be dressed in black.动词，穿衣.写出下列句中画线单词的词性和词义1A.Take a few deep, slow breaths.形容词，意为“缓慢的”_BYou must slow down a little or youll make yourself ill.动词，意为“放慢”2A.Marys reading a book by Stephen King.名词，意为“书”BId like to book a table for two for
12、 8 oclock tonight.动词，意为“预订”3A.Jenny dropped the plate and it broke into pieces.动词，意为“打碎”BLily wanted to take a career break in order to have children.名词，意为“休息”4A.I didnt need to go to the bank after all Mary lent me the money.动词，意为“需要”BThere is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.名词，意为“必要”5A.Th
13、ere are many new houses and shops along the street.名词，意为“商店”BI always shop on Saturdays.动词，意为“购物”6A.It was only a dream,_after all.名词，意为“梦”BThe boy dreams of becoming a pilot.动词，意为“梦想”7A.Whats the score？名词，意为“比分”BWho scored the goal？动词，意为“进球”8A.What is the result of your entrance examination？名词，意为“结
14、果”BThe accident resulted in the death of two passengers.动词，意为“导致”.找出文中的构词法并写出汉语意思There are many social science majors in large companies who take up important positions. For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who
15、had technical training or preprofessional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature of the kind of highspeed, highpressure, hightech world we now live in.Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their longterm company
16、jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entrylevel positions with social science graduates.1preprofessional“提前职业培训的”，派生词，加前缀pre，表示before(在之前；预先)2highspeed“高速的”，合成词3highpressure“高压力的”，合成词4hightech“高科技的”，合成词5experience
17、_“经历”，转化词，由名词experience(经验、经历)转化而来6longterm“长期的”，合成词7percentage“百分比”，派生词，加后缀age8entrylevel“初级的”，合成词.语法填空“Remember, your father is only one year _1_ (old) than you.” That was Mums usual excuse when Dad said the wrong things or did something _2_ (fool)Dad quitted drinking exactly one year before I was
18、 born. He joined a group of other people. He said they _3_ (stop) drinking, too. I loved my dad _4_ I hated the way his weekly meetings took him away _5_ me. It seemed that they were more important to him than I was. But with my birthday coming up I thought Dad would make an _6_ (except). “Cant you
19、miss it just this time? Saturday is my birthday！” I begged him but _7_ (refuse). He said, “I am chairing the meeting this Saturday. We will have your party on Sunday.”Saturday evening I sat on my bed, _8_ (feel) sorry for myself. Dad started to leave, then paused and said, “Why not come with me toge
20、ther tonight? Its an open meeting. All are welcome.” _9_ would I do at a meeting? But maybe I needed to see why something Dad did every week mattered so much.After we arrived, Dad announced the theme of the meeting was going to be grateful. He told his story about giving up smoking. Later, a man _10
21、_ (call) Dave also told his story. Only then did I know it was Dad that saved his life from drinking. Showing up week after week and meeting with people, Dad was changing lives. Shame washed over me.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。全文主要讲述了作者由对父亲每周参加会议非常不理解到最后自己感到羞愧的过程。1older从空后的“than you”可知，这里要用形容词的比较级。2foolishfoolish为形
22、容词，在这里作定语，修饰something。3had stopped从句中stop的动作发生在主句中的said之前，因此本空用过去完成时。4but分析语境可知，空前后为转折关系，因此用but。5from此处表示他每周的会议把他从“我”身边带走，因此用from。take away from为固定搭配。6exception从空前的an可知，这里需要名词，因此用exception。7was refusedI与refuse之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，再结合全文的时态可知，此空用一般过去时的被动语态。8feeling“feeling sorry for myself”为现在分词短语作伴随状语，修饰sat。9WhatWhat引导特殊疑问句，并在疑问句中作do的宾语。10called“called Dave”为过去分词短语作定语，修饰man。