1、Unit 1Women of achievement(一)阅读词汇明其义、写其形第一组：明其义1specialist n 专家；专业工作者2emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况3welfare n. 福利；福利事业4modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的5project n. 项目；工程；规划6rate n. 比率；速度7bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带8outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚9career n. 事业；生涯10institute n. 学会；学院；协会第二组：写其形1generation n. 一代；一辈2support n& vt. 支持；拥护3c
2、rowd n. 人群；观众vt. 挤满；使拥挤4campaign n. 运动；战役vi. 作战；参加运动5deliver vt. 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)6worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的7respect vt.& n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意8childhood n. 童年；幼年时代9audience n. 观众；听众；读者10shade n. 荫；阴凉处vt. 遮住光线 (二)表达词汇晓其变、通其用1achievement n成就；功绩achieve vt.完成；达到2connection n连接；关系connect vt.连接3organization n组织；
3、机构；团体organize vt.组织4behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现behavio(u)r n行为；举止；习性5observe vt.观察；观测；遵守observation n观察；观测6argue vt.& vi.讨论；辩论；争论argument n争论；争辩；争吵7inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的inspiration n鼓舞；灵感8refer vi.谈到；查阅；参考reference n提及；涉及；参考；查阅9intend vt.计划；打算intention n打算；目的；
4、意图10considerate adj.考虑周到的consider v考虑；认为consideration n考虑；体谅considering prep.考虑到(三)常用短语多积累、准运用1move off离开；起程；出发2lead/live a .life 过着的生活3crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海4look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起5refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；提及6by chance 碰巧；凑巧7come across (偶然)遇见；碰见8carry on 继续；坚持(四)经典句式明特点、会仿用1only状语置于句首句子要用部分倒装悟原句Onl
5、y after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.背佳句(2018全国卷书面表达)Only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners can you behave properly.2once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦就”悟原句Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in labo
6、ratories.背佳句(2020天津7月高考) Once the book youve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by email, so you can pick it up.3“It hits/hit sb.从句”表示“某人突然想到”悟原句Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.背佳句It hit me that this foreigner w
7、as the one I saw in the supermarket! 4It is/was .that/who . 强调句型悟原句Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.背佳句(2019浙江6月高考写作)It is with your help that I have made great progress in English.1.ency结尾名词小聚emerge
8、ncy突发事件efficiency 效率；功效fluency 流畅frequency 频繁；频率agency 代理2.“支持， 反对”表立场support n& vt.支持in favour of 支持approve v. 赞成argue against 反对be against 反对oppose v. 反对3.“v.off”短语速记move off 离开；起程；出发pay off 偿清；取得好结果put off 推迟give off 发出(光、热、气味等)take off 起飞；脱掉4.“v.on”短语聚焦carry on继续；坚持work on 继续工作put on 穿上try on 试穿
9、.用所给词的适当形式填空1(2020全国卷)The connection (connect) between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.2(2020天津7月高考)Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery (deliver) vehicles.3(2020天津7月高考)Your local library can help you start a bu
10、siness by providing relevant information and supporting (support) services.4The teenager from China was respectable (respect) for what she had done.5The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behaviour in front of others.(behave)6Some went abroad with the intention of tryin
11、g his fortune, while others intended to learn some skills of earning money.(intend)7I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement.(achieve)8He argued against smoking, and insisted that it wa
12、s beyond argument that smoking was harmful to health.At last, he argued us out of smoking.(argue).介、副词填空1(2020全国卷)Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.2Everything has been well prepar
13、ed for the scientific research and the team is about to move off.3Memories crowded in on me when I saw the photo.4Last month I came across my old school friend on the flight to Beijing.5You can refer to this dictionary if you have any difficulty in learning English.6Dont look down upon/on any people
14、 around you since each of them is equal and important in this world.7They all know success doesnt happen by chance.Only through hard work can we manage to achieve our dream.选词填空1worthwhile/worth/worthyIt is worth/worthwhile listening to the lecture, though it is rather long.He who does his duty is w
15、orthy of being praised.I think it worthwhile to see the film again.2argue/debate/quarrelThe couple are always quarrelling about small things.She argued him out of leaving his job and helping her.Politicians will be debating the bill later this week.3in/withHis encouraging remarks inspired confidence
16、 in me.His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.写出加蓝词汇在语境中的含义1When we attend the parade to observe (庆祝) the National Day, we must observe (遵守) the traffic regulations.If we observe (看到) someone run a red light, we should stop him.2The coat was sold at a modest price so I bought it at once
17、.合适的3(2020天津5月高考)Completed in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.激发4As an educational specialist, his grandmother is always invited to give lectures around the country.专家5These organizations have fought very hard for the rights a
18、nd welfare of immigrants.福利6Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift.突发事件；紧急情况7Today the police have launched a campaign to reduce road accidents.运动.补全句子1只有当他告诉我这个消息时我才知道真相。(倒装句)Only when he told me the news did I know the truth.2他一旦作出决定，我们就无法使他改变他的想法。(once引导的状语从句)We canno
19、t make him change his mind once he has made a decision.3就在她正要上床睡觉的时候，电话铃响了。(强调句型)It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.4我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。(hit)It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.1behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.对某人表现好/差beh
20、ave oneself 规矩；表现得体(2)wellbehaved adj. 表现好的badlybehaved adj. 表现差的(3)behavio(u)r nU 行为；举止；习性演绎法练通单句语法填空They behaved badly to/towards the guests, which made us very disappointed.Much to my surprise, he behaved as if nothing had happened.In general, I was quite pleased with his behavio(u)r.(behave)Stud
21、ents should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves (them)补全句子(2018全国卷书面表达)As far as Im concerned, you should mind your behaviour during the meal.就我个人而言， 用餐时，你应该注意你的行为举止。2observe vt.观察；观测；遵守；庆祝；看到；注意到辨析法理清辨清楚写出下列句中observe的含义Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese
22、 still observe the traditional customs.遵守It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.庆祝(2019天津高考)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.注意到The thief was observed to open the window and run away.看到理明白observe sb.do sth.
23、观察/注意到某人做某事(全过程) observe sb.doing sth.观察/注意到某人正在做某事observe that . 观察/发现 名师指津 observe后跟不带to的不定式或v.ing作宾语补足语，即observe sb.do/doing sth.，但在被动语态中必须带to，即sb./sth.be observed to do sth.针对训练单句语法填空The guard observed a young man stealing (steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.In my 20 da
24、ys in Xian, I got the opportunity to observe (observe) Chinese culture closely, and thus it left an unforgettable mark on me.句型转换(2017北京高考书面表达)On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea of clouds.On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed the sun
25、rising from the sea of clouds.3respect vt.尊敬；尊重；遵守 n尊敬；尊重；敬意；细节；方面；问候(1)respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊敬或敬重某人(2)have/show respect for sb. 对某人表示尊敬或敬重give/send ones respects to 代某人向问候in respect of/with respect to 关于；就而言out of respect for . 出于对的尊敬；顾及(3)respected adj. 受人尊敬的；受敬重的respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的演绎法练通单句
26、语法填空In the past, everyone passed by the Confucian Temple on foot, showing respect for Confucius.The moment you meet your parents, please give my respects (respect) to them.Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out of respect for farmers labor.翻译句子(2020浙江1月高考)经过多
27、年的努力，我已经在一所中学里成为一位受尊重的老师，为需要帮助的学生服务。Through years of efforts, I have become a respected teacher in a school serving highneed students.名师指津respect表示“尊重；敬重”时为不可数名词；表示“细节；方面”时为可数名词；表示“敬意；问候”时，多用复数形式(如句)。4argue vi.& vt.争论；辩论；讨论；证明；主张；认为(1)argue for/against sth. 据理力争/反对某事argue with sb.on/about/over sth.
28、与某人争论/辩论某事argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事(2)argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵；论据演绎法练通单句语法填空They argue constantly about money and their relationship is becoming increasingly fragile.After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without argument (argue)As our family income decreased, fathe
29、r argued against an increase in our pocket money.补全句子We tried many ways to argue him into accepting our advice, but in vain.我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。 联想发散“说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式：persuade sb.to do sth.persuade sb.into doing sth.convince sb.to do sth.talk sb.into doing sth.5support vt.& n支持；拥护；供养；资助；支撑单句语法填空Hi
30、s suggestions put forward at the meeting were supported (support) by his supporters.With his wifes support, Mr Wang contributed a lot of money to the people in the stricken area.补全句子Only a few people were in support of his plan, which made him very disappointed.只有少数人支持他的计划，这使他很失望。When he was about t
31、o give up the struggle, his companions came to his support.正当他要放弃斗争之际，他的同伴们来支持他了。归纳法记牢in support of sb./sth.支持或拥护某人/某事with ones support 在某人的支持下come to ones support 来支持某人 6intend vt.计划；打算(1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事had intended to do sth.(intended to have done sth.)本来打
32、算做某事(但实际未做)(2)be intended for/to do .打算为所用；专门给(3)intention n. 意图；目的；打算with an/the intention of抱有的目的；打算演绎法练通单句语法填空(2020天津7月高考) Making a fulllength clay (黏土) figure would not exhaust my strength and that is what I intend to do (do)!I had intended (intend) to catch the early train, but I didnt get up i
33、n time.The school being built at present is said to be intended for the disabled children.With the intention of raising the awareness of the environmental protection, about 100 local villagers have said goodbye to what once was a glacier (冰川)1look down upon/on蔑视；轻视；瞧不起一语串起Nowadays, he is looked on/u
34、pon as a hero and looked up to by his fans; when looking back, he never forgets those days when he was looked down upon because he was good for nothing.His determination and efforts have helped him make it.现在他被看作是一名英雄，被粉丝们崇拜；回顾过去，他永远忘不了自己不务正业而被人看不起的日子。是他的毅力和努力让他成功了。用法释义look up to 尊敬；仰视look forward t
35、o 盼望；期待look into 调查；观察；窥视look up 抬头看；查阅look out (for .) 注意，当心，留神()look through 浏览；仔细查看look on/upon .as 把看作look back 回顾；回头看串联式巧记针对训练用look的相关短语填空I often look up the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.We shouldnt look down upon/on a person because he is poor.I looked through todays
36、newspaper but I found nothing important.The reason why I look up to the artist is that his works are inspiring.(2019全国卷I书面表达)Id appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.Looking forward to your reply.2refer to 提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交；把称作辨析法理清辨清楚写出下列句中refer to的含义If you dont know the ex
37、act meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查阅Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are preparing for a test.参考We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及理明白(1)refer to .as .把称作refer .to . 把提交给；让(人)参考(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅针对训练单句语法填空Peop
38、le who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”(2020新高考全国卷)His judgment and references (refer) are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach.As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor.名师指津 (1)refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为：referred, referred, referr
39、ing。(2)“查词典”可表达为：refer to the dictionary; consult the dictionary; look up a word in the dictionary; search through a dictionary等。3it hit/hits sb.从句“某人突然想到”教材原句Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.突然我想到在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。用法规则it hit sb. how/that/wh
40、.意为“某人突然想到”， it在句中作形式主语。类似的句式还有：It occurs/occurred to sb.that .某人突然想到It strikes/struck sb.that . 某人突然想到It happens/happened that . 碰巧针对训练补全句子/一句多译It happened that they spent their childhood in the same village.碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。我突然想起以前在什么地方见过他。It hit me that I had met him somewhere.It struck me that
41、I had met him somewhere.It occurred to me that I had met him somewhere.一、在考题集训中查验单元语基 (一)高考中的语法填空 1(2020天津5月高考)My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not make important connections (connect), and keep my ideas to myself.2(2020全国卷)Though s
42、he has been teaching English for twenty years, she is still passionate about teaching.She is kind and considerate towards us just like our dear mother.3(2020天津7月高考)How should you start? Modestly (modest), so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldnt arrange flowers to satisfy h
43、erself.4(2019全国卷)First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements (achieve), your desires, etc.5(2018全国卷)Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment (entertain)6(2017全国卷)Its an amazi
44、ng accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations (organize)7(2017天津高考)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.8(2017天津高考)The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in
45、anger.You write an unkind message about someone, intending (intend) to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person youre discussing.(二)高考中的阅读理解熟词生义(2017全国卷)Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and te
46、chnology.激发词类活用(2019浙江6月高考)Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)adj.拥挤的生词僻义(2019全国卷)You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this s
47、ummer.项目(三)高考中的完形填空1(2020江苏高考) He proved that its not what happens to us that 55 our lives its what we make of what happens.AdistinguishesBdeterminesCclaims Dlimits解析：选B根据下文的“its what we make of what happens”可知，他证明了不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何看待发生的事情。故选B。2(2020全国卷)When Nicolo retired and went to live
48、 in Sicily, he brought the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin.Achosen BreceivedCordered Dmoved解析：选D根据上文“When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily”可推测，Nicolo把两幅画和那个餐桌都从Turin带到了 Sicily。3(2017天津高考)Influenced by her story, I created the As We Heal (痊愈), the W
49、orld Heals 24 .My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise 50,000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.This combination of healing myself and healing the world struck me as the perfect solution.Aproject BbusinessCsystem Dcustom解析：选A这是作者创办的一个项目，因此用名词project表示“项目，方案”。4(
50、2019全国卷)The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isnt reaching the top.Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures.This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.AstudiedBobservedCexplored Dregarded解
51、析：选D由“spiritual places by many cultures”可知，山被许多文化视为心灵之地。study“学习，研究”；observe“观察”；explore“探索”；regard“把看作”。(四)高考中的写作1(2020全国卷书面表达) 我们都很尊重她，因为她总是尝试着一些新方法使她的课既生动又有趣。(respect)We all respect her because she always tries new ways to make her classes lively and interesting.2(2019浙江6月高考写作)更重要的是，正是你不断的鼓励激发了我的
52、自信。(强调句；inspire)Whats more, it was your constant encouragement that inspired me to be confident.3(2018北京高考书面表达)这所大学以其面向国际学生的语言和文化课程而闻名。(intend)The university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.4(2016江苏高考书面表达)因此，应该制订网络投票的规则并严格遵守。(observe)Therefore, rules
53、 of online voting should be worked out and strictly observed.二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇specialist childhood argue observe achieve connectconsider encourage support sick facial brave confident diligent determined outspoken devote oneself to won the gold medal enjoy worldwide fame make great contributions to 练中巩固
54、.单词拼写1(2020浙江1月高考)I was born legally blind. Of all the stories of my early childhood (童年), the one about a tree is my mothers favorite.2(2020天津7月高考)And Id like to embrace it bravely (勇敢地), no matter what the challenge is.3(2020新高考全国卷)There was a man sick (生病) in bed, his wife, who took care of him a
55、nd could not go out to work, and their little boy.4When you talking about your achievement (成就), be confident but dont exaggerate, brag or lie.5In the first instance your child will be seen by an ear, nose and throat specialist (专家)6Uncle Frank is an outspoken (直率的) man and easy to get along with.单句
56、语法填空1(2020天津7月高考)As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected (connect) than I ever had to any sports team.2Staff voted to continue an unofficial strike in support of seven colleagues who were dismissed last week.3She was quite optimistic and ene
57、rgetic, which brought me a lot of happiness and courage.I learned something precious from her confidence (confident) in life.4Her facial (face) expression suggested that she was satisfied with what she had done in the research.5Her encouraging (encourage) words inspired us to move on.6Her bravery (b
58、rave) and virtue won her much fame in the world.7She was so diligent (diligence) that she worked day and night.And this explained why she had so many great inventions.8As far as work is concerned, she is determined (determine) to become a filmmaker.补全句子1Devoted to the science research, she is highly
59、 thought of by the people around.她致力于科学研究，受到周围人们的高度评价。2The Chinese Women Volleyball Team, coached by Lang Ping, won the gold medal in the game.由郎平执教的中国女排在比赛中夺得金牌。3Setting up several organizations and launching a campaign to protect animals have made her enjoy worldwide fame.她成立了几个组织，发起一项保护动物的运动，使她世界
60、闻名。4Owing to the fact that she can do whatever she has chosen with great perseverance, she has made great contributions to the development of our society.由于她能够坚持不懈地做她所选择做的任何事情，所以她对我们社会的发展做出了巨大贡献。单元主题语篇训练AWhere some people see creepy (令人毛骨悚然的) insects, Jennifer Angus sees beauty: Rather than rely sim
61、ply on paints and dyes, the 55yearold professor of textile (纺织品) design creates patterns from thousands of lively insects.As a kid, Angus had a penchant for patterns, but she didnt develop an interest in insects until her late 20s, when she was researching textiles in Thailand and discovered a table
62、 cover.“The fringe (饰边) was made with metalliclooking green beetle (甲虫) wings，” says Angus.“Id never seen beautiful insects maybe because I grew up in Canada, where all the insects were brown or black. I realized I could take insects and turn them into patterns.”Anguss insects arent backyard ones. M
63、ost come from countries like Peru, Malaysia and Indonesia.“I always try to use insects that have been farmed or gathered by local people，” says Angus. And she refuses to work with endangered species：“If an insect seems hard to find, I wont use it.”Since 2002, Angus has created sitespecific works of
64、art at galleries and museums around the world like her latest piece at the Smithsonians Renwick Gallery in Washington，D.C. “My collection is very fragile，” says Angus. “Ive been refusing some insects for more than 15 years, so I drive it everywhere myself. That means working out exactly how many ins
65、ects Ill use. I cant get to a gallery and go, I need another 500 cicadas！”Angus hopes to inspire a sense of wonder and appreciation in her viewers.“If people leave one of my shows thinking about insects in a new way one that doesnt involve a fly killer thats a success，” she says.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了以
66、昆虫为创作材料的艺术家Jennifer Angus。1What does the underlined part “had a penchant for” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AHad respect for.BHad a liking for.CWas frightened of. DWas confused about. 解析：选B词义猜测题。根据上文“the 55yearold professor of textile (纺织品) design”和后面的“researching textiles” 可知，Angus 从小就对设计各类图案感兴趣。2Wh
67、at kind of insects does Angus use in her patterns?ARare ones. BWinged ones.CCommon ones. DBackyard ones.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I always try to use insects that have been farmed or gathered by local people”和“If an insect seems hard to find, I wont use it.”可以推知，Angus用的是普通的昆虫。3What can be learned about Ang
68、uss works of art?AThey can be seen around the world.BThey sometimes take over 10 years to finish.CThey are mostly created at Anguss own house.DThey are mostly in the Smithsonians Renwick Gallery.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Angus has created sitespecific works of art at galleries and museums around the world”
69、可知，Angus的作品在世界各地都可以看到。4What are Anguss hopes for her works of art?AThey will win her more followers.BThey will bring her a sense of success.CThey will inspire more research on insects.DThey will raise public awareness about the protection of insects. 解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可以推知，Angus希望自己的作品能够提高公众对昆虫的保护
70、意识。BIn most circles, a collection of algae specimens (海藻标本) wouldnt cause much excitement, but for botanist (a scientist who studies plants) Anna Atkins, born on March 16, 1799, the aquatic plant life helped to solidify her place in history.Atkins had an unusual upbringing for a woman of her time. I
71、n the footsteps of her zoologist father, she developed a love for botany and botanical illustration (插图)Her early paintings of shells, for example, can be found accompanying work by her father.But it wasnt until she studied under two pioneers of the thennew field of photography, that her career took
72、 off.In 1825, Anna married a merchant, John Pelly Atkins, who happened to be a friend of photographer William Henry Fox Talbot.Atkins would study directly under Talbot and was said to have had access to a camera as early as 1841.Because of this, some have declared Atkins, one of the few women in pho
73、tography during that century, the firstever female photographer, though Talbots wife Constance is thought to possibly hold the title.In 1842, another friend of the Atkins family, Sir John Herschel, invented a photographic process called the “cyanotype，” which didnt involve a camera at all.Atkins qui
74、ckly learned the process, in which lightsensitive chemicals are used to produce a brilliant, dark greenishblue print.In 1843 she used the process to create an album of algae specimens and the next year she privately published a book illustrated with photographs.Only 13 copies are known to exist, in
75、various states of completeness.Despite the undeniable (不可否认的) beauty of cyanotype prints, scientists like Atkins werent so much interested in photography as an art form. Instead, they used photography for scientific purposes, replacing the watercolors and woodcuts used as illustrative mediums at the
76、 time.The cyanotype process was also used to create copies of architectural plans, and these copies were called blueprints.Even though the process is no longer used, any construction document or detailed plan is still referred to as a blueprint.Atkins and her husband had no children together.She die
77、d in 1871 at the age of 72.We can only imagine what she would think of how drastically the realms (领域) of science and photography have expanded since then.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了在早期摄影史上留下了光辉印记的英国女植物学家安娜阿特金斯。5Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?AThe first camera was invented in 1841.BAnn
78、a Atkins father had a great love for drawing.CPhotography was something new in the early 19th century.DFew females chose science as a career in Anna Atkins time.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“the thennew field of photography”可知，在安娜阿特金斯生活的年代摄影还是新兴领域。6What can be learned about Anna Atkins?AHer 13 books with p
79、hotographs are in good condition.BHer husband had a big influence on her choice of career.CShe was noted for her combining photography and science.DShe was officially regarded as the first female photographer.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，安娜阿特金斯学习摄影后使用朋友新发明的氰版照相法记录植物的标本，出版了作品集不列颠藻类，再结合第一段中的“the aquatic pla
80、nt life helped to solidify her place in history”可知，安娜阿特金斯因将摄影技术应用于科学研究成果而颇负盛名。7What do we know about the cyanotype?AIt was the brainchild of Talbot.BIt is a simple but highcost technique.CIt is still employed by contemporary architects.DIt enables people to produce images without a camera.解析：选D细节理解题
81、。根据第三段中的“which didnt involve a camera at all”可知，该摄影技术不用照相机就能产生影像。8What is the text mainly about?AA photographic invention.BThe history of photography.CThe effect of photography on science.DA great female botanist and photographer.解析：选D主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，文章以时间为线索介绍了英国女植物学家安娜阿特金斯的生平以及在科学和摄影领域的成就。故D项可以恰当地概括文
82、章主旨。CDont get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying.He simply may not be able to resist.A University of Iowa(UI) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors.The findings may help explain why
83、 the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the longterm pay off of studying.“For the teenager, the rewards are attractive，” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an author of the study.“They draw adolescent.Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them.Even when a beh
84、avior is no longer in a teenagers best interest to continue, they will, because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”For parents, that means limiting distraction (分心的事情) so teenagers can make better choices.Take the homework and social media di
85、lemma: At 9 pm., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facehook or Twitter, the researchers advise. “Im not saying they shouldnt be allowed access to technology，” Vaidya says. “But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulsec
86、ontrol skills.”In their study，Vaidya and coauthor Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive (冲动的), make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes (额叶) of their trains are not fully developed.But the UI researchers wondered whether something m
87、ore fundamental was going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higherlevel reasoning.“We wanted to try to understand the brains reward system how it change from childhood to adulthood.” Says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the human brain is easier than decisionmaking.“Weve
88、 been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescence behavior than an underdeveloped frontal lobe，” he adds.For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.In the future, research
89、ers hope to look into the psychological and neurological (神经学上的) aspects of their results.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年对即时效应和奖励比成人更敏感，所以奖励对青少年来说总是充满吸引力。9What does the passage mainly tell us?AThe initial rush of texting is less attractive for adolescents than the longterm pay off of studying.BAlways, reward
90、s are attractive to teenagers.CResistance can be controlled well by adolescents.DGetting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.解析：选B主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“. teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors.”可知，本文介绍了青少年对即时效应和奖励比成人更敏感，所以奖励对
91、青少年总是很有吸引力，故B项正确。10Which statement agrees with Vaidyas idea?AThe influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.BParents should help children in making decisions.CChildren should have access to the Internet.DChildren need help in refocusing their attention.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Vaidya认为帮助孩子们集中注意力是必
92、要的，这样他们就能发展出控制冲动的技能，故D项正确。11What result does teenagers brain underdevelopment lead to?ADoing things after some thought.BMaking good decisions.CJoining in dangerous actions.DEscaping risky behavior.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In their study . teenagers are impulsive (冲动的), make bad decisions, and engage in ri
93、sky behavior because the frontal lobes (额叶) of their trains are not fully developed.”可知，大脑前庭发育不良会导致青少年冲动、做错误的决定和参与危险的行为，故C项正确。12How did the researchers carry out their study?ABy making a comparison of brain examinations.BBy examining adults brain.CBy examining teenage brain.DBy building the trains r
94、eward system.解析：选A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“For their study，the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents，aged 13 and 16，and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.”可知，研究人员是通过对比40名青少年和40名成人的检查结果而展开研究的，故A项正确。tips “四步法”巧解推理判断题(1)浏览试题，明确要求。在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项，带着问题阅读文章，便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。(2)通读全文，抓住主要内容。抓住中心思想
95、和段落大意，注意文章的第一段或每段开头的前两个句子，这些地方往往包含着文章/段落的中心思想、作者的意图或是全文/段落的概述。(3)进行合理的推理判断。根据句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等对上下文之间的关系进行推理判断。(4)认真复读，验证答案。用全文的中心思想统领各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，确保理解无误。例如上文第12题，根据题干中的“carry out their study”定位倒数第二段最后一句“For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.”，在此基础上进行适度、合理推测可知，“让这些不同年龄段的人参与是为了作比较”。
