1、返回目录 The Renaissance Module 2 返回目录 Section Grammar非谓语动词返回目录 课前自主领悟语法要点精析针对强化训练目录Contents 返回目录 课前自主领悟语法图解返回目录 探究发现It was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.Its no use trying to persuade him to change his mind.Her wish is to go to Tokyo to watch the 2020 Olympic Games.Our work is serving the people
2、.返回目录 People want to know who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.But they looked forward,too,by opening new frontiers in the arts.The building being built is a new shopping mall.The bird was lucky and escaped being caught.返回目录 Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the years 15031506,the Mona Lisa is a my
3、sterious masterpiece.All things considered,she is the best student in my class.返回目录 我的发现(1)句中的黑体部分在句中作_，句中的作_，句中的作_。(2)由句可知，动词不定式和动词-ing 形式作主语，可以用_作形式主语。(3)句中，黑体部分都为动词-ing 形式的被动式，在句中分别为_和_。主语表语宾语it 定语宾语返回目录(4)句中，黑体部分为过去分词在句中作_；句中，分词作状语时有自己独立的主语，这叫_结构。状语独立主格返回目录 语法要点精析非谓语动词是指在句中不能充当谓语，而是起其他语法功能的动词。非谓
4、语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。返回目录 一、非谓语动词的基本形式时态形式主动式被动式一般式to doto be done完成式 to have doneto have been done不定式进行式 to be doing返回目录 一般式doingbeing done动词-ing形式完成式 having done having been done动词-ed 形式 一般式done返回目录 即时训练 1 写出下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分To finish the work in ten minutes is
5、 very hard._With a lot of work to do,he didnt go to the cinema._不定式短语作主语with复合结构作原因状语返回目录 This is the best way to work out this problem._They went to the park,singing and talking._Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?_不定式短语作定语动词ing形式作伴随状语动词ing形式作宾语补足语返回目录 Filled with hopes and fears,he
6、 entered the cave._The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father._Do you mind my asking you a few questions?_过去分词短语作状语动词ing形式作定语动词ing形式作宾语返回目录 二、非谓语动词的句法功能1不定式和动名词作主语不定式作主语表示具体动作；动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作。To swim in the sea in hot summer is very pleasant.炎热的夏季在海里游泳很惬意。Reading aloud is a good way to le
7、arn English.大声朗读是学习英语的一个好方法。返回目录【提示】不定式作主语时，一般可用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在后面；而动名词只能在一些特定的句式中用 it 作形式主语。It is no use(no good,fun,a waste of time)doing sth返回目录 即时训练 2 单句语法填空_(walk)is a good form of exercise for both young and old._(master)a foreign language calls for a great deal of memory work.It is difficu
8、lt _(see)how more savings can be made.It is no use _(cry)Walking To master to see crying 返回目录 2不定式和动名词作宾语(1)except,but 作介词时后面也可以跟不定式，但多用于否定句和疑问句。He has no choice but to lie down and sleep.他别无选择，只能躺下睡觉。Tom did nothing last night except to watch TV.除了看电视，汤姆昨晚什么也没干。返回目录(2)下列动词(短语)后要用不定式作宾语：agree,promis
9、e,learn,fail,decide,plan,ask,demand,want,hope,wish,expect,manage,offer,would like/love,refuse,pretend,choose 等。They managed to escape from the burning building.他们成功地逃出了那座着火的大楼。返回目录(3)下列动词(短语)后要用动名词作宾语：allow/permit,consider,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,be busy,insist on,practise,admit,enjoy,look
10、forward to,deny,delay,excuse,avoid,miss,give up,finish,risk,escape,imagine,appreciate等。返回目录 I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前被给予出国学习的机会。返回目录(4)有些动词后既可用动名词又可用动词不定式作宾语。意义上无较大差别，常见的有：begin,start,continue,prefer,love,like 等；而有些两者意义完全不同，常见的有：remember,for
11、get,try,regret,mean 等。As soon as he arrived at the school,he began reading/to read his English book.他一到学校就开始看英语书。返回目录 I liked playing/to play table tennis when I was a middle school student.我上中学时喜欢打乒乓球。Dont forget to post the letter for me when you pass the post office.当你经过邮局时，别忘了替我把这封信寄出去。返回目录 Ill
12、never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。返回目录(5)有些动词(如 need,want,require,bear 等)后可跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动形式表示被动意义。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这幢房子需要修缮。This kind of cloth bears washing/to be washed.这种布料很耐洗。返回目录 即时训练 3(1)单句语法填空She has arranged _(se
13、e)her parents next week.I gave up _(write)five years ago.Dickens began _(work)at a factory when he was very young.Does Betty have any choice but _(do)as you tell her?to see writing to work/working to do 返回目录(2)句型训练She _ the door.她记得锁上门了。Tom _ the window.汤姆忘记去开窗户。Drain piping may require _.排水管要求有防冻保护
14、措施。remembered locking forgot to open protecting/to be protectedagainst freezing 返回目录 3不定式、动名词和分词作表语(1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。To do two things at a time is to do neither.一次做两件事等于什么也不做。Her job is teaching.她的职业就是教书。返回目录【提示】如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也用不定式(表示结果)；如果主语是动名词，表语也用动名词。To be kind t
15、o the enemy is to be cruel to the people.对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残酷。Helping others is helping yourself.帮助别人就是帮助自己。返回目录(2)分词作表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词作表语，一种是过去分词作表语。现在分词作表语一般表示事物的性质、特征；过去分词作表语多用来描述人或高级动物的心理状态。例如：表示“人对感兴趣”就用 sb be interested in，表示“人/物本身有趣”就用 sb/sth be interesting。这类词常见的有：interesting/interested,exciting/exc
16、ited,delighting/delighted,disappointing/disappointed,encouraging/encouraged,pleasing/pleased,puzzling/puzzled,satisfying/satisfied,surprising/surprised,worrying/worried 等。返回目录 即时训练 4 句型训练I _ the book.我对这本书很感兴趣。His habit is _ after supper.他的习惯是晚饭后遛狗。Her wish is _.她的愿望是成为一个伟大的运动员。am interested in walk
17、ing the dog to become a great player 返回目录 4不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补足语动词不定式作补足语表示动作的过程；现在分词表示正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义。We watched her crossing the street.(动作正在进行)我们看着她走过大街。I watched my sister cross the bridge.(动作已经完成)我看着妹妹过了桥。I heard my name called.(动作完成且表示被动)我听见有人叫我。返回目录 巧学助记(1)下面的动词要用不定式作宾补：动词宾语动词不定式劝 教 命 请 叫(a
18、dvise/suggest/recommend,teach,order,command,ask,tell)；允许又警告(allow,permit,warn)；使役表意向(cause,let,have,make,lead,set,leave,get,wish,want,expect)；知觉动词妙(feel,hear,watch,see,observe,notice)；且要省略 to。返回目录(2)下面的动词(短语)后可跟分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listen to,look at,leave,catch 等
19、。He kept the car waiting at the gate.他把小汽车停在门口。返回目录【提示】感官动词后面出现了动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中必须省略不定式符号 to,但在变为被动结构时，省略的 to 则必须加上。返回目录 即时训练 5(1)单句语法填空They use computers to keep the traffic _(run)smoothly.I found a strange person _(walk)nearby our shop all day.running walking 返回目录 He asked us to assist him in _(
20、carry)through his plan.The committee permitted us_(go)ahead with our building plan.They really pulled out all the stops to get the task _(finish)carrying to go finished 返回目录(2)句型训练I couldnt _ above the noise of the traffic.车辆噪音很大，我无法让人听到我的声音。I saw him _.我看到他把你的词典拿走了。I saw him _.我看见他正在上楼。make myself
21、heard take your dictionary away going upstairs 返回目录 5不定式、动名词和分词作定语(1)通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系。He is a pleasant fellow to work with.他是个很好共事的人。The man to come to our assistance is Mike.要来帮助我们的人是迈克。返回目录(2)动名词作前置定语，用来说明该名词的性质、用途，可替换成 for 短语。a swimming poola pool for swimming(动名词)(3)
22、分词作定语现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含义；现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。返回目录 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子fallen leaves 落叶China is a developing country,not a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家，而不是一个发达国家。返回目录【提示】动名词作定语通常表示用途reading room 阅览室operating table 手术台swimming pool 游泳池singing competition 歌咏比赛drinking water 饮用水返回目录 即时训练
23、6 单句语法填空The picture _(hang)on the wall is painted by my close friend.The first textbooks _(write)for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.Have you got anything _(say)at the meeting?hanging written to say 返回目录 The car _(repair)yesterday by him is my mothers.The man _(st
24、and)at the gate is my English teacher.repaired standing 返回目录 6非谓语动词作状语的用法区别(1)动词不定式通常作目的、原因、结果状语等。In order to arrive there on time,I got up early.为了按时到达那里，我很早就起床了。Hes old enough to go to school himself.他大到可以自己去上学了。返回目录 She was so angry as to be unable to speak.她气得连话都说不出来。Jack hurried to the booking
25、office,only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.杰克匆忙赶到售票处，结果被告知所有的票都被卖完了。(不定式 only to be told 在句中作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果)返回目录 I am glad to hear the news.听到这个消息我很高兴。(不定式短语 to hear the news在句中作原因状语，通常位于句末)返回目录(2)动词-ing 形式(现在分词)和动词-ed 形式(过去分词)在句中通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步状语等。主语与动词-ing 形式(现在分词)在逻辑上存在主谓关
26、系，主语与动词-ed 形式(过去分词)在逻辑上存在动宾关系。Seeing the teacher,he ran into the classroom.看见老师，他跑进了教室。返回目录 Surrounded by a group of pupils,the old teacher walked into the classroom.在一群学生的簇拥下，那位老教师走进了教室。Being Party members,we should take the lead in everything.作为党员，凡事我们都应该起带头作用。His parents died,leaving him a lot of
27、 money.他的父母去世了，留给他一大笔钱。返回目录 Caught in a heavy rain,he was wet to the skin.由于遇上了大雨，他浑身都湿透了。Getting up late,he missed his early train.由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。Seen from space,our earth looks more beautiful.从太空看，我们的地球更美。返回目录【提示】动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式的独立结构：动词-ing 形式短语(现在分词短语)和动词-ed 形式短语(过去分词短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，
28、但有时它们可以有自己的独立主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主动关系时，用动词-ing 形式；当逻辑主语与其后的动词是被动关系时，用动词-ed 形式。返回目录 Time permitting,we can complete the project.如果时间允许，我们就能完成这个项目。(逻辑主语time 与 permit 存在主动关系，独立主格结构作条件状语)All the work done,they decided to treat themselves to a movie.所有的工作都做完了，他们决定去看一场电影犒劳自己。(逻辑主语 all the work 与
29、do 之间存在被动关系，句中独立主格结构作原因或时间状语)返回目录 即时训练 7 句型转换After he had watered the garden,he began to mow the lawn._，he began to mow the lawn.When they are heated,metals expand._，metals expand.Having watered the garden Heated 返回目录 Because I do not know what to do next,I want to ask for your advice._，I want to as
30、k for your advice.She awoke,so that she found herself lost in the forest.She awoke,_ herself lost in the forest.She ran up to me and her hair flew in the wind.She ran up to me,her hair _ in the wind.Not knowing what to do next only to find flying 返回目录 7非谓语动词常考的其他结构(1)疑问词不定式结构疑问词 who,what,which,when,
31、where 和 how 后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语。When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)返回目录 I dont know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。(表语)返回目录(2)非谓语动词的独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。若不一致，则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成非谓语动词的独立主格结构。独立主格结构没有真正的主语和谓语，因此，在语法上不是句子。独立
32、主格结构在句中作状语，表示方式、时间、原因、条件、结果等。返回目录 名词/代词现在分词名词/代词与构成现在分词的动词之间为主谓或动宾关系，现在分词多表示动作正在进行。The guide leading the way,we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。返回目录 名词/代词过去分词名词/代词与构成过去分词的动词之间是动宾关系，过去分词表示动作已完成。This done,we went home.做完此事，我们就回家了。返回目录 名词/代词不定式不定式多表示将要发生的动作。We divided the wo
33、rk,he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor.我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。返回目录 即时训练 8(1)单句语法填空The moon _(appear),they decided to go on with their work.All the work _(do),they went to the square.appearing done 返回目录 The student lay on the grassland with his hands _(cross)behind his head and eyes _(shut)With t
34、wo children _(attend)a middle school in the nearby town now,the man is working hard.crossed shut attending 返回目录(2)句型训练They dont tell other people _，but help others to take charge.他们不会告诉其他的人去做什么，而是帮助他们自己承担。We now have a really good idea of _.我们现在有了如何做到这一点的真正的好主意。what to do how to do this 返回目录 针对强化训练.
35、单句语法填空1Some people try to knock me down,only _(make)me more determined to do better.2Upon _(arrive)home,I was surprised to find the paper I had prepared was missing.to make arriving 返回目录 3 Mrs White found her husband _(surround)by letters and papers and looking very worried.4_(read)is the key to the
36、 treasure house of ideas.5Having experienced many failures,I have the courage _(meet)all challenges.surrounded Reading to meet 返回目录 6There are a lot of people _(stand)in line waiting for the bus.7Despite a strong wind,children are still looking forward to not _(cancel)the outdoor activity at the wee
37、kend.8In order not to be found,Ill spend the night _(lock)in your room.standing canceling locked 返回目录 9_(leave)alone in a dark room,the little girl was so frightened at the frightening sound.10All her time devoted to _(do)experiments,she has no time for films.11I noticed a man _(run)out of the bank
38、when I got off the car.Left doing running 返回目录 12I found it quite _(astonish)that none of you liked the play.13_(finish)painting the home took us an entire week.14My wish is _(join)the army after graduation.15They decided _(bring)forward the date of the next meeting.astonishing To finish to join to
39、bring 返回目录.语法与写作1_ that you ask me to tell you my favorite figure in Chinese history,Im more than glad to share that with you.从你上次的邮件中得知你要我告诉你我最喜欢的中国历史人物，我很高兴与你分享。Knowing from your last mail 返回目录 2_ has enabled us to know each other better.做团体运动能够使我们更加彼此了解。3I badly _ my oral English,at which lots of
40、 Chinese students are bad.我迫切需要一个人来帮助我的英语口语，在这一点上，很多中国学生都很差。Doing sports as a team need someone to help me with 返回目录 4Im writing _ as a student volunteer.我写信是要申请作为一名学生志愿者的职位。to apply for the position 返回目录 5_ you are organizing this activity _，here I am writing to apply to join in the activity you ar
41、e organizing.得知你正在组织分享世界各地的书籍的活动，现在我写信申请加入你正在组织的活动。Learning that to share books worldwide 返回目录 6We will take the books to you when we take part in the summer camp _ in July.当我们参加你的学校在七月举行的夏令营时，我们将把这些书带给你。7 I thought _would be more meaningful.我认为在敬老院帮助老人会更有意义。to be held in your school helping the old at the nursing home 返回目录 8_，it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure _.继续进行，这将非常有利于我们所有的人，我们肯定会取得明显进展。Carried out continuously to make obvious progress