1、高三一轮复习七选五讲与练1. 高考阅读七选五的体裁特点阅读七选五的体裁主要以指导性说明文为主，间或考查记叙文，虽然近几年没有考查议论文，但对这种文体也不应该忽视，主题语境以人与社会为主，以人与自然和人与自我为辅。文章越来越趋向于不带标题和段落小标题，但文章大都结构清晰，基本都是总分结构。2.高考阅读七选五的设题特点阅读七选五是从一篇短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项。选项主要有以下三种情况：一是主旨概括句，二是过渡性句子，三是注释性句子。3.高考阅读七选五的考查重点此题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。它拓宽了阅读理解能力考查的深度和广度，不仅
2、考查考生句子层面的阅读理解能力，更从语篇层次上考查考生的语篇连贯能力，即考生的语感和语境领悟能力，把握作者思路的能力，以及对整个语篇或语段的衔接手段与连贯性的洞察力。解题策略指导一、解题步骤1速读全文，了解大意快速阅读全文要点词句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子等，目的是掌握文章的主要内容。2寻找信息，分析选项然后再边读边做题，重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应
3、基本清楚了。3带入答案，检查核对重新阅读相关词句，重点做刚才没做出的题或不确定的题。此时可将已选出的答案代入原文，同时检查核对已选出的答案，看文章从内容上是否语义连贯合理，语篇结构上是否通顺连贯一致、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。如果所选的答案可以满足上述标准，则表明各个问题的答案基本正确。二、解题策略七选五解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。(一)词汇衔接词汇衔接又可以具体分为三种：代词、同义词/近义词、上下义词/同一范畴词对应关系。1代词英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词及起名词作用的
4、短语或句子，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。2同义词/近义词英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。3上下义词/同一范畴词什么是上下义词和同一范畴词？fruit和apple之间就是上下义词，因为前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。apple和orange之间则是同一范畴的关系，都属于fruit。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系的词常常可以很轻松地解题。(二)逻辑衔接逻辑衔接根据前后句之间的逻辑关系又
5、细分为：解释关系、例证关系、因果关系、顺逆关系。1解释关系前后句之间含有解释的逻辑关系，这样的逻辑关系是很隐蔽的。2例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。3因果关系前后句的逻辑是因果关系，常见的逻辑表达有：because，for，since，as，the reason is that，result in/from，be due to，be attributed to 等等。还有一些表示因果逻辑关系的表达是比较隐蔽的，如：un
6、derlie(前者构成后者的基础，实际是前者是因，后者是果)，再如：in response to(前者作为后者的回应，即后者是因，前者是果)。4顺逆关系英语行文中后句对前句不是顺承逻辑关系就是逆转逻辑关系，这是常识。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。(三)结构衔接结构衔接主要看文章结构和出题位置。1文章结构(1)描述性结构：主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题重点。(2)释义性结构：解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述。(3)比较性结
7、构：把两个人或事物的功能、特点、优缺点进行对比。(4)原因性结构：这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的。(5)驳斥性结构：这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其进行评论或驳斥，然后分析其优缺点、危害性、最后阐明自己的观点。2出题位置(1)挖空在段首，常是主题句或承上启下句假如挖空出现在段首，通常为主题句。要认真阅读空后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读空后第一、二句，锁定线索词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。如果空格所在的段落带有小标题，这时空格及其后面的句子就是对小标题的解读。挖空在段首的，先考虑是否是主题句。若不是主题句，则考虑是承上启下句。承上启下句
8、的解题方法同段尾句的承上启下句。(2)挖空在段尾，常是结论句或承上启下句段落总结收尾类挖空出现在段尾，通常是所在段的结论和概括。解题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词，如：therefore，as a result，thus，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等。承上启下逻辑类挖空在段尾的空格可以起到承上启下的作用，即通过空格把本段与下一段有机地结合起来。这时，我们不光要看空格前面的句子，对于下一段的内容也要特别关注。(3)挖空在段中一般说来，文章的行文通常需要一定的衔接手段来实现，而该题型的衔接手段主要有以下两种渠道：一是词汇线索，
9、二是行文逻辑。(具体方法解读见上文)。强化训练AIn todays fastpaced and sometimes uncaring society，it can be challenging to find anything to lift your spirits when you feel sad.In spite of how bad things may appear，there are some things you can do to get happy and enjoy your day._1_Get yourself an attitude of gratitude (感恩
10、).For centuries，people over the world have recognized how powerful gratitude is when it comes to lifting ones spirits.Frequently we are so caught up in what we lack that we fail to recognize all that we possess.Often，we are only reminded of the blessings present in our world when we meet someone wor
11、se off than we are or when those blessings are no longer a reality._2_ Keep a list of things for which you are gratefulin case you need to jog your memory.Brighten someones day.It may be you who are feeling the blues，but when you brighten someone elses day，yours automatically becomes brighter.Smiles
12、 spread easily._3_Get some fresh air.Fresh air refreshes the senses and makes you more likely to get up and do something rather than sit there in an unpleasant mood._4_ Even just walking in your flower or vegetable garden will do the trick._5_ Because the heart rate and breathing rate increase durin
13、g exercise，a greater amount of oxygen is delivered to the body tissue.In addition to relieving stress，heightened physical activity will decrease the level of the stress hormone (荷尔蒙).As such，your mood can quickly change from a state of stress to one of joyfulness.A.Get some exercise.B.Be thankful fo
14、r what you have.C.Herere some great ways to lift your spirits.D.Go for a walk with a friend or take a bike ride.E.Do what you can to start an outbreak of happy faces.F.This promotes the production of the bodys natural pain relievers.G.Organize cupboards，garages and other areas that have become untid
15、y.B(2018福州质检)The holiday season is supposed to be the most festive and fun time of the year, but all those plans and expectations of joy can turn tougher and more stressful than they sound.This is especially true for those of us who struggle with mental illness._1_ Sometimes youre forced to spend ti
16、me with the family you rarely see and dont always get along with.Or you are off from work, with more time to think troubling thoughts.Or you are put into party situations that you dont like.When you have a routine, its easier to manage whatever mental struggles you may face, and when that routine is
17、 broken，it can trigger (引发) things you may not be ready to face._2_ It was during the holidays that I hit a low moment and，with the help of my mother, decided to seek help for my eating disorder.During the holidays, I often feel as if I were supposed to be everywhere with everyone._3_ To fight this,
18、 Ive developed a mantra(咒语) ：its not selfish to take time for yourself.Take a walk in nature.Talk to a friend you trust.Sit out one of the holiday gatherings in favor of some personal time._4_Trying to spend all of your time pleasing everyone else is not only exhaustingits impossible.And you know wh
19、at？_5_A.I know it has for me.B.The holidays break your routine.C.There are many things crowding in your mind.D.I will accompany my friends to go wherever they like.E.I have the added guilt of knowing its the season of giving.F.Just do whatever helps you calm down and gives you a break from the stres
20、s.G.If you take a little time for yourself, you will be a much better company for those around you.CFour Practical Ways to Improve YourselfAre you someone who likes to grow？Do you constantly seek to improve yourself and become better？Here are some ways to selfimprove.1.Read a book every day._1_ The
21、more books you read，the more wisdom you expose yourself to.What are some books you can start reading to enrich yourself? Some books are very useful，such as Think and Grow Rich，Who Moved My Cheese，7 Habits.2.Pick up a new hobby.Beyond just your usual favorite hobbies，is there something new you can pi
22、ck up? _2_ Your new hobby can also be a recreational hobby.Learning something new requires you to stretch yourself in different aspects，whether physically，mentally or emotionally.3._3_ Everyone has amazing qualities in them.Its up to how we want to tap into them.With all the friends surrounding you，
23、you can find many things you can learn from them.Try thinking of several good friends right now.Think about just one quality they have which you want to adopt.4.Show kindness to people around you._4_ In fact，most of us dont show enough kindness to people around us.Being kind helps us to cultivate ot
24、her qualities such as compassion，patience，and love.Now start showing more kindness to the people around you，and see how they react._5_ Chances are you will feel even better than yourself.A.Learn from your friends.B.Speak to your friends if you need to.C.You can never be too kind to someone.D.Often g
25、o to the library with a list of books.E.Books are concentrated sources of wisdom.F.Besides，notice how you feel as you behave kindly to others.G.You can learn a new sport，such as rock climbing，football，or ice skating.DSome Ways to Create Your Own HappinessWhen it comes to making yourself happy，you ne
26、ed to learn what works for you._1_.And making yourself happy doesnt just improve your performance.Its also good for your health.So，we went digging until we found great ways that emotionally intelligent people create their own happiness at work.Remember that you are in charge of your own happiness._2
27、_：find another one or make the most of the one youre stuck with.Either way，your happiness is up to you and no one else.Remind yourself of this anytime youre feeling stuck. Dont compare yourself to other people.When you feel good about something that youve done，dont allow anyones opinions take that a
28、way from you.While its impossible to turn off your reactions to what others think of you，you dont have to compare yourself to others._3_.Remember youre never as good or bad as they say you are._4_.A study found that small rewards make people more generous，friendlier，and happier.They also make people
29、 more productive and accurate in their work.Applying these strategies wont just improve your happiness at work._5_.Pick those that resonate(共鸣) with you and have fun with them.A.Reward yourselfB.Stay true to yourselfC.You have two choices in any deadend jobD.This will help you to locate your moral c
30、ompassE.Most of them will also improve your emotional intelligenceF.Once you discover this，everything else tends to fall into placeG.That way，whatever other people are thinking，your selfworth comes from withinE(2018湖北八校高三联考)Whether youre a child，teenager，young adult or are middleaged，respect for you
31、r parents is an important value.Your parents are the people who raised you，devoting time，energy and money to your development._1_ No matter your age，there are 4 ways to show respect.Respect their belongings.One important way to show respect is to show regard for the things important to your parents.
32、For younger children，this may mean not touching jewelry or other valuable things.For grown children，respect may mean returning a borrowed tool in good condition and on time.Lack of respect for a parents belongings is a violation of personal boundaries._2_ And never borrow things without asking first
33、.Punctuality._3_ Therefore，always be on time.For teenagers，showing up on time means coming home by curfew(宵禁).Adult children should show up on time for family dinners or events，or to pick a parent up for a medical appointment.Call if youre going to be late because parents worry about children，no mat
34、ter their age._4_Remembering birthdays，anniversaries and other special days is a sign that you honor your parents.Make plans to take them to lunch or dinner or bake a cake or cookies.Most parents dont expect expensive gifts，but a handmade gift is always appreciated.A phone call from a grown child wh
35、o lives too far for a visit is a welcome sign of respect.Be kind.Kind words and affection are simple ways to show respect.Tell your parents you love them.Listen and allow your parents to speak without interruption.Show a sincere interest in what your parents have to say.Be patient with your parents
36、and dont rush them.Never talk back or be rude or disrespectful.Acknowledge your parents achievements._5_A.Be a good listener.B.Celebrate with them.C.Lateness indicates a lack of respect.D.Treat your parents the way you would like to be treated.E.And they love you unconditionally throughout your life
37、.F.Being respectful helps build positive relationships with others.G.Dont take advantage of your parents kindness and generosity.答案：A.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了几种振奋精神的方法。1.C根据该空前的there are some things you can do to get happy以及下文列举的几种方法可知，C项内容“如下是一些振奋精神的方法”符合此处语境。2.B由本段的小标题Get yourself an attitude of gratitu
38、de以及该空后的Keep a list of things for which you are grateful可知，B项内容“感恩你所拥有的”符合此处语境；此外，B项中的thankful与本段中的gratitude和grateful相呼应。3.E根据本段的小标题Brighten someones day以及该空前的Smiles spread easily可知，E项内容“尽你所能给别人带来笑意”符合此处语境。4.D该段主要讲述呼吸新鲜空气要以振奋精神，结合该空后的Even just walking in your flower or vegetable garden.可知，设空处是对读者的建议
39、，D项符合此处语境。5.A本段主要讲述了运动可以帮助我们缓解压力，使我们变得开心，故A项“进行一些锻炼”作小标题最符合本段主旨。B【语篇解读】本文为说明文。本文结合自己的例子就如何度假提出了几条建议。1.B后面的例子讲的都是平时很少做或不愿意做的事情，因此该段的主题句应该是假期打破了常规，所以答案选B项。2.A空处前讲的是有无打破常规的影响，空处后讲的是打破常规对“我”的影响，A项中的it照应上文中的it，指代的是that routine，A项中的me照应下文中的I。3.E空前一句讲的是“我”经常感到“我”应该和大家去每一个地方，又根据“its not selfish to take time
40、 for yourself”可知“我”没有和大家出去，故空处应表示“我”的愧疚，故E项符合语境，且E项中的giving照应本段最后一句中的not selfish。4.F空前内容讲的是怎么放松自己，故F项“只做帮助你平静下来、使你从压力中得到休息的事情”符合语境，所以答案选F项。5.G空前内容讲的是把所有时间花在取悦别人上不仅使人筋疲力尽，而且是不可能的，那么该怎么做呢，最后应该是提出建议，故G项“如果能为自己花一些时间，你会更好地陪伴周围的那些人”符合语境。所以答案选G项。C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了4种完善和提升自我的方法。1.E根据本段主题句“Read a book ev
41、ery day.”可知，本空内容和读书有关。观察备选项可知，只有D项和E项与读书有关。再根据空后句“The more books.expose yourself to.”可知，你读的书越多，你接触的智慧就越多。对比D项和E项可知，E项“书是智慧的源泉”与空后句衔接紧密。故选E。2.G根据本段主题句“Pick up a new hobby.”可知，此段是建议你培养一种新的爱好。同时，主题句和空格前一句中的“new”起到了一定的提示作用。观察备选项可知，G项中也出现了new，且该项是空前句“.is there something new you can pick up？”的答语。故G项符合语境。3
42、.A根据“With all the friends.learn from them.”并结合本段所描述的内容可知，本段建议“向朋友学习优良的品质”，故A项适合作本段的主题句。4.C根据本段主题句“Show kindness to people around you.”可知，本段主要是建议你与人为善。再根据空格后面句子中的“In fact”可知，前后两句之间应构成转折关系。C项“你对人再善良都不为过”与空后句子“事实上，我们大多数人对周围人表现的善良是不够的”在句意上构成转折关系。故C项符合语境。5.F根据本段主题句“Show kindness to people around you.”可知，
43、本段主要是建议你与人为善。F选项中“as you behave kindly to others”与空前“Now start showing.how they react.”衔接紧密，且F项中的“notice how you feel”也与空后句中的“you will feel even better”衔接紧密。即：F项起到了承前启后的作用，与前后句相互衔接。故选F项。D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种创造幸福的方法。1.F根据空前句中的“you need to learn what works for you”可知，这里指“你需要了解什么对你起作用，”观察备选项可知，F项中的
44、“Once you discover this”中的this指代的是空格前提到的“what works for you”，且与上文衔接紧密，故选F项。2.C根据本段内容及下文的“Either way，your happiness is up to you and no one else.”可知，(两种方法中)无论哪种方法，你的幸福是由你决定的，而不是别人。由此推知此处是为你提供的两种选择，与选择相关的只有C项，表示“在任何棘手的工作中，你有两个选择”，且与下文衔接紧密。故选C项。3.G根据空前句“While its impossible pare yourself to others.”可知，
45、此处指的是“不要太在意别人的想法和看法，也不必将自己和他人进行对比。”观察备选项可知，G项表述符合语境，且与空前句构成因果关系。故选G。4.A根据下文中的“small rewards”及它的益处可知，本段的小标题应为A项。5.E本段是对文章的总结，空前提到了“这些方法不仅可以增加你在工作中的幸福感，”且E项的“.will also improve.”与空前的“.wont just improve.”相对应，其中，E项中的them指代空前句中的these strategies，前后句为顺承关系，故E项符合语境。E【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了尊重父母的四种方式。1.E空格前一句描述了父
46、母是养育你，并在你的成长过程中奉献时间、精力和金钱的人。所以E项“父母在你一生中无条件地爱你”进一步说明了父母对你的爱和奉献，符合语境。故选E。2.G本段主要讲述了尊重父母的重要物品，根据空前句“Lack of respect.of personal boundaries.”可知，对父母的财物缺乏尊重是对个人界限的侵犯。再结合空后的句子“And never borrow things without asking first.”可知，设空处也应是指不能干的事。观察备选项可知，G项“不要利用你父母的仁慈和慷慨”与前后并列，符合语境。故选G。3.C根据本段小标题“Punctuality”，可知，所选内容必定与“时间”概念有关，而且后文“Therefore，always be on time.”也给出了提示。故C项“迟到就意味着缺乏尊重”符合语境。4.B这里是选小标题，根据本段第一句“Remembering birthdays.honor your parents.”可知，要与父母庆祝、共度这些重要、特殊的日子。分析前后小标题的句式结构可以看出，句式应该是祈使句，但A、D项与后面内容无关。故选B。5.D本段针对“友善”展开，介绍了如何做是友善的，如何做是不友善的。作为结尾句，要具有概括性，所以用“用我们期待他人对待我们的方式来对待我们的父母”来总结，恰到好处。故选D。