1、返回目录 Great Scientists Module 4 返回目录 Section Grammar被动语态和byv.-ing形式返回目录 课前自主领悟语法要点精析目录Contents 针对强化训练返回目录 课前自主领悟语法图解 返回目录 探究发现Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries.Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system.The research was supported by the government.In Paki
2、stan rice will be grown in many parts of the country.The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China.返回目录 The shop closes at 6：00 pm.every day.The apple tastes good.The new product by the company sells well.Open the door by winding the handle.Peopl
3、e usually greet each other by shaking hands.返回目录 我的发现(1)句采用了一般现在时的被动语态，其构成形式为：_。(2)句采用了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成形式为：_。(3)句分别用了一般将来时和_的被动语态。(4)句中谓语动词以主动形式表示_。(5)句中，byv.-ing 形式表示_。am/is/aredonewas/weredone现在完成时被动意义通过方式返回目录 语法要点精析一、被动语态被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，只有及物动词才有被动语态，被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。1各种时态的被动语态的构成(1)一般现在时被动语态的构成
4、：am/is/aredoneBefore you leave the lab,make sure the electricity is turned off and the windows are shut.在你离开实验室之前，要确保电源被切断，窗户被关好。返回目录(2)一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/weredoneThe foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。(3)一般将来时被动语态的构成：shall/willbedoneMore space explorations will be mad
5、e in the future by the Chinese people.中国人民在将来将进行更多的太空探索。返回目录(4)现在进行时被动语态的构成：am/is/arebeingdoneThey are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is being rebuilt.他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。(5)过去进行时被动语态的构成：was/were beingdoneAfter school we went to the reading-room to do some r
6、eading,only to be told that it was being decorated.放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。返回目录(6)现在完成时被动语态的构成：has/have beendoneLi Hua has been elected monitor of our class to take the place of Ma Li.李华已取代马丽，被选为我班班长。(7)过去完成时被动语态的构成：had beendoneWhen we got on the spot of the accident,we were told that the injured
7、 had been sent to the nearest hospital.当我们到达事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。返回目录(8)将来完成时被动语态的构成：will/shallhave beendoneOn her next birthday,Ann will have been married for twenty years.到下一次过生日的时候，安结婚就要满二十年了。(9)含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词bedoneThe boy feels hot on the forehead,so he must be sent to hospital at once.这
8、个男孩的额头摸起来发热，所以必须被立刻送往医院。返回目录 即时训练 1用所给词的被动语态填空More efforts,as reported,_(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structure reform.Did you enjoy the party?Yes,we _(treat)well by our hosts.will be madewere treated返回目录 Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement _(reach)so far by th
9、e two sides.We wont start the work until all the preparations _(make)Why dont we choose that road to save time?The bridge to it _(repair)has been reachedhave been madeis being repaired返回目录 2使用被动语态时应注意的情况(1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(take place,break out,come true,belong to,date from,happen 等)。A fire broke out
10、in his house yesterday.昨天他家着火了。(2)含有介词或副词的及物动词短语变为被动语态时，介词或副词不可省略(look after,look for,take care of,put off,break into 等)。The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten.孩子们在幼儿园里被照顾得很好。返回目录(3)带复合宾语(宾语宾补)的动词变被动语态时，一般把复合结构中的宾语变成主语，而把宾语补足语(在被动语态中叫作主语补足语)放在动词之后。We always keep the classroom clean
11、and tidy.The classroom is always kept clean and tidy by us.我们总是保持教室干净而且整洁。返回目录【提示】see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make等感官动词或使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带 to，但当主动语态变为被动语态时，不定式符号 to 必须加上。A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.一个姑娘路过时看到我的钱包掉了。返回目录
12、即时训练 2完成句子The game _ every four years in a different country.这种活动每四年在不同的国家举行一次。A lot of interesting experiments _ in our laboratory.我们在实验室做了许多有趣的实验。He _ the guitar.我们经常听到他弹吉他。takes placeare carried outis often heard to play返回目录 The old temple _ the Ming Dynasty.那座古庙起源于明朝。dates from返回目录 3主动形式表示被动意义的用
13、法(1)某些连系动词，如 look,sound,smell,feel,taste,prove等，可用主动形式表示被动意义，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。That dog looks dangerous.那只狗看起来很危险。返回目录(2)某些可用来表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的及物动词，如：lock,shut,open,move,read,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw,cut,drink,eat 等常用主动形式表示被动意义。这些词后常有副词修饰，如 well,easily 等。The cloth washes well and is com
14、fortable to wear.这种布很容易洗而且穿起来很舒服。返回目录(3)need,require,want,deserve 等词，当主语为物时，接动名词的主动形式，表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The flowers need watering or they will die.The flowers need to be watered or they will die.这些花需要浇水，否则它们会死。(4)形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。The picture-book is well worth reading.这本图画书很值得一读。返回目
15、录(5)在“主语be形容词(for sb)to do”结构中，句子的主语与构成不定式的动词存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。常 见 的 形 容 词 有：easy,hard,difficult,important,interesting，strange,impossible,comfortable,dangerous 等。This article is difficult to read.I need someone to explain it to me.这篇文章很难读懂，我需要一个人给我解释一下。返回目录(6)不定式作定语修饰名词，与前面的名词
16、有动宾关系，且句中有不定式的逻辑主语时，用动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义。I have a lot of homework to do this afternoon.今天下午我有很多的家庭作业要做。Please give me something to eat.请给我些东西吃。返回目录(7)某些动词不定式如 to blame,to let 等，作表语时用主动形式表示被动意义。The boy was to blame for what he had done.这个男孩为他的所作所为受到了批评(责备)。返回目录 即时训练 3用所给词的适当形式填空A Midsummer Nights Dream _
17、(open)at the Theatre Royal on 19th June,and then tours throughout Scotland.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _(repair)The stone is heavy for the boy _(lift)The question is difficult _(answer)This kind of book _(sell)well.opensrepairingto liftto answersells
18、返回目录 二、byv.-ing 形式1byv.-ing 形式，表示以某种方式来达到某种目的He passed the exam by working hard.通过努力学习，他通过了考试。2by 表示“方式”的其他用法(1)by交通工具，如：by car/bus/bike/plane 等。I go to school by bike every day.我每天骑自行车去上学。返回目录(2)by the 具 体 的 时 间 或 度 量 名 词，如 by the day/hour/year/kilo/metre/dozen(按打)等。He is paid by the hour.他按小时得到报酬。
19、返回目录 即时训练 4(1)完成句子The old man makes a living _(靠卖报纸)One learns a language _(通过犯错并改正它们)They went to Shanghai _(乘飞机)These eggs are sold _(按打)by selling newspapersby making mistakes andcorrecting themby air/planeby the dozen返回目录(2)用 by doing 形式改写下列句子You can reach there if you take a bus.You can reach t
20、here _.Students learn things when they do exercises after school.Students learn things _.If we practice often,we can operate the machine well._，we can operate the machine well.by taking a busby doing exercises after schoolBy practicing often返回目录 针对强化训练.单句语法填空1He hoped that he _(give)a more suitable
21、job.2_(trap)in the mine for two days,the miners finally were rescued.3Everyone dislikes _(make)fun of by others.4Dont lose heart!The problem can _(prevent)from getting worse.would be givenHaving been trappedbeing madebe prevented返回目录 5About thirty volunteers _(select)to the Mars throughout the world
22、 by 2020.6Shakespeares play Hamlet _(make)into at least ten different films over the past years.7A lot of water _(waste)every year.Its a serious problem.8We are confident that the environment _(improve)by our further efforts to reduce pollution.will have been selectedhas been madeis wastedwill beimp
23、roved返回目录 9The government announced that six highways _(build)by the end of last year.10It is said that the subway will _(complete)by 2020.11A dinner party _(hold)in celebration of the great achievements she had made when I called her yesterday.12It is reported that many a new house _(build)at prese
24、nt in the disaster area.had beenbuilthave beencompletedwas being heldis being built返回目录.语法与写作1I have just learned from the advertisement on the wall that _(需要 20 名学生志愿者)for the English Culture Festival.2The textbooks and dictionaries _(可以被用作)as reference books while the magazines serve as reading ma
25、terials.3Our school _(坐落在)a northern city of China,where you can taste many kinds of delicious food,because it is well famous for its snacks.20 student volunteers are wantedcan be usedis located in返回目录 4Our class _(由50 名活泼可爱的男孩女孩组成),who are warm and generous and ready to offer help.5I hope you _(将被接受为我们班的一员)6As far as I am concerned,I think that the column concerning entertainment _(应该被取消)is made up of 50 lively boys and girlswill be accepted as a member of our classshould be removed