1、五年高考练阅读理解(2019北京,D,)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organis
2、ms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the oc
3、eans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the
4、oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects
5、 changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a war
6、ming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,”she said,“but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin
7、to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said,“it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean signi
8、ficant changes. “Itll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,”Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”词汇积累1.phenomenon n.现象;杰出的人2.reflect
9、 v.反映,映出(影像);反射(声、光、热等);显示3.vary from.to.(根据情况)从到变化4.fuel v.增加;加强;刺激5.give off 释放,放出,发出(热量、气味等)6.process n. (为达到某一目标的)过程;进程7.characteristic n.特征;特点;品质8.unnoticeable adj.不引人注意的;不易被人看到的;不明显的9.statistically adv.统计地;统计上地1.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A.The various patterns at the ocean
10、 surface.B.The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C.The way light reflects off marine organisms.D.The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.2.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.3.What can we learn from
11、 the passage?A.Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B.Dutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.C.Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.D.Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To assess the
12、consequences of ocean colour changes.B.To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D.To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.五年高考练语篇解读本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与环境。气候变暖导致了海洋浮游植物的变化,进而影响到海洋颜色的变化。文章侧重于引导学生关注自然生态,增强环境保护的意识。1.B主旨大意题。文章第
13、一段给出了海洋颜色变化的原因,第二段具体说明了海洋颜色变化的原因在于海洋浮游植物的类型和浓度的变化。综上所述,前两段主要说明了海洋颜色变化的原因,故选B项。2.A词义猜测题。根据下文气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点,影响了浮游植物的生长,结合关键词changes和affect可综合推断出浮游植物对海洋变暖的趋势是比较敏感的,故选A项(敏感的)。B:有益的;C:重大的;D:不被注意的。3.D推理判断题。根据第四段中But in some waters.a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas wil
14、l turn greener.可知,在更适宜浮游植物生长的地方,海洋的颜色会变得更绿,故选D项(有更多浮游植物的海洋可能看上去更绿)。4.C推理判断题。根据全文,尤其是中心段落第一段中the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate可知,文章的主要目的是解释气候变化对海洋尤其是其颜色的影响,故选C项。A项(评估海洋颜色变化产生的后果)、B项(分析海洋食物链的构成)和D项(介绍一种研究浮游植物的新方法)均不符合文章目的,故排除。长难句分析原句When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.分析本句为主从复合句。句子的主干为they bury carbon。that helps to regulate the global climate 为定语从句,先行词为process。句意当这些微生物死亡时,它们将碳埋在深海中,这是一个有助于调节全球气候的重要过程。