1、由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句由关系词引导。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，主句的内容就不完整或失去意义；它和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。关系词指代先行词，在从句中作一定的句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose，as等。观察例句1Do you know the man that/who is waiting outside.2He showed me the photos (that/which) he
2、took on his trip to Xian.3Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen.4I like the way (that/in which) she smiles.5The trees that/which are behind the office building have lost their leaves.6Then another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.7The army organized team
3、s to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.8Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.归纳用法一、定语从句的先行词先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分，从构成上而言，它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语等；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语等。下面，我们从两个实例来看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布：即学即练1找出下列定语从句中的先行词Is this the book which your father bought for y
4、ou？the bookWho is the man that is speaking to your mother？the manThey rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.the manSome people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.Some people二、关系代词的用法1that的用法that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、状语或表语，而且作宾语或状语时常可省略。This is the book.
5、I want to read it.This is the book (that)I want to read.这就是我想读的那本书。(that指代the book，在定语从句中充当宾语)即学即练2使用定语从句合并句子，并写出关系词that在从句中作什么成分This is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house.This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in(that在定语从句中作宾语)Jack is no longer a lazy boy.He used to be a lazy boy.Jack is no
6、 longer a lazy boy that he used to be(that在定语从句中作表语)The boy is Tom.The boy is studying in the classroom.The boy that is studying in the classroom is Tom.(that在定语从句中作主语)I dont like the way.He looks at me in the way.I dont like the way that he looks at me(that在定语从句中作状语)2which的用法which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，常与
7、that互换使用。The houses overlook the lake.They cost more.The houses which/that overlook the lake cost more.俯瞰湖泊的房子价格高一些。(which/that指代the houses，在定语从句中充当主语)即学即练3单句语法填空Maybe you have a habit that/which is driving your family crazy.Finally he reached a lonely island that/which was completely cut off from t
8、he outside world.3who的用法who指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The tall man is Yao Ming.Yao Ming is playing basketball.The tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Ming.正在打篮球的那个很高的人是姚明。(who指代Yao Ming，在定语从句中充当主语)即学即练4写出下列句子中who作什么成分Dickson is an able worker who we all value highly.宾语The boy who is standing th
9、ere is my cousin.主语4whom的用法whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。This is the girl.I met the girl in the street.This is the girl whom I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。(whom指代the girl，在定语从句中充当宾语)即学即练5翻译句子大家都喜欢的这位男士很善良。The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。Jack is no longer the person(that/who/whom)I
10、met five years ago.5whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于of whom the；指物时，相当于of which the。I have read the book.I like its characters very much.I have read the book whose/of which the characters I like very much.我已经读了这本书，我很喜欢它里面的人物。(whose指代先行词the book，在定语从句中充当定语)即学即练6用定语从句合并句子This is the scientist.H
11、is achievements are well known.This is the scientist whose achievements are well knownDont stand close to the house.Its roof is under repair.Dont stand close to the house whose roof is under repair6关系代词that与which的区别情况用that还是which先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰that先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰that先行词由the very，the on
12、ly等修饰that先行词既指人也指物that先行词前有疑问代词which时thatthere be句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词that句中已经出现过that或which交替使用先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语that关系代词前面有介词which关系代词后面带有插入语which即学即练7选词填空：which，thatThe scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.Here is the book about which I told you yesterday
13、.This is the best way that is to be used against pollution.Here is the English grammar book which，as Ive told you，will help you improve your English.All the presents that your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.This is the very book that I have been looking for.三、关系代词的省略关系代词在从句中作宾语
14、时，通常可以省略。The man(whom/who)you saw just now is our manager.你刚才见到的那个人是我们的经理。Is there anything(that)I can do for you?有什么我能为你效劳的吗？即学即练8请用关系代词填空并用括号标出可以省略的关系代词This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever read.This is the person whose story surprised everybody.He often helps the students who he t
15、hinks are not quick at their studies.Who was the woman (that) you were talking with?.单句语法填空1He is the man who/that has offered some useful advice.2It is the most expensive hotel that he has ever stayed in.3He is the boy of whom we are proud in our school.4The building whose doors are white is an off
16、ice building.5Anyone who has helped to save the old man is worth praising.6She is the only one of the children who is(be) good at music here.7The first place that she visited in China was the History Museum.8We dont know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the flood.9Those who want to
17、go to the party must be at the school gate by 5 pm.10The film that/which you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week.短文语法填空Id skipped nearby Guilin，1.which is a dream place for tourists 2.seeking(seek) the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 3.that/which are pictured b
18、y artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 4.who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travellers 5.that/which was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names
19、Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 6.that/which are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 7.that/who are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，8.which is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 9.regularly(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 10.who/that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.