1、第十三周名词性从句一、各种名词性从句的定义Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.(2014全国大纲卷单项)(主语从句)土豆确切是在何时被引进到欧洲还不确定，但是可能是在1565 年左右。It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.(2014山东高考单项)(宾语从句)对我们来说很难想象古代奴隶的生活。Everyone w
2、as inspired to hear the account by an elderly gentleman that he passed the college entrance examination in his seventies.(2015南通市高三第一次调研测试)(同位语从句)大家听到那位老先生在他 70 多岁时通过了大学入学考试的表述都受到了鼓舞。What a mess!You are always so lazy!Im not to blame,mum.I am what you have made me.(2014江苏高考单项)(表语从句)真乱啊！你总是这么懒！我不应该受到
3、责备，妈妈。是你让我成为这样的。规律总结1主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。2宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词、介词或形容词后。3同位语从句：跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。4表语从句：在复合句中作表语的名词性从句叫表语从句，放在系动词之后。二、that 引导的名词性从句1that 引导主语从句That you didnt know the rules wont be an excuse for your failure.(2014江西抚州适应性测试)你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。As I searched the nam
4、e Linda on the Internet,it became evident that therere two with the same name who look completely different.(2015嘉兴市高三第一学期期末测试)当我在网上搜索 Linda 这个名字的时候，很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。It is announced in todays newspaper that Obama will pay a visit to China next week.今天报纸上宣称奥巴马下周要对中国访问。规律总结连词 that 在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在
5、从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。(1)that 引导主语从句位于句首时，本身无意义，但是不可省略。(2)that 从句作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，常见的句型有：Itbe形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)that从句。规律总结Itbe名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)that 从句。I
6、tbe过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)that 从句。2that 引导宾语从句Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.(2013北京高考单项)专家认为可以通过只有必须时才购物这一方法减少食物的浪费。Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school.汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。I
7、find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。规律总结(1)常见的可以接 that(that 可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider 等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如 think,make,consider 等，可以用 it 作形式宾语。(2)that 从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作 except,in的宾语。3that 引导表语从句
8、和同位语从句My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.(表语从句)我的决定是我们所有人明天早上 6 点出发。He has made a promise to his boss that hell return in three days as long as he can get to the destination in time.(2015扬州中学高三月考)(同位语从句)他向他老板承诺只要他能及时到达目的地就会三天后回来。规律总结(1)that 引导表语从句时，一般不能省略。(2)that
9、 引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如 fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility 等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that 只起引导作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，但一般不能省略。三、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。(主语从句，不可用 if 代替 whether)I d
10、idnt know whether/if he would attend the concert.我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(宾语从句，可用 if 代替whether)The question is whether it is worth trying.问题是值不值得试一试。(表语从句，不可用 if 代替 whether)He asked her the question whether they can be friends.他问她一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。(同位语从句，不可用 if 代替 whether)I worry about whether he can pass through
11、 the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病危机。(介词后的宾语从句中，不可用 if 代替 whether)规律总结1whether 和 if 在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用 whether，不用 if。(1)与 or 或 or not 连用时只能用 whether(2)从句作介词宾语时只能用 whether2在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether 不用 if。四、who,why,how,where,when 等引导的名词性从句It never occurred to me how tough it was to begin a
12、 new life in a strange city.我从来也没有想过在一个陌生的城市开始新生活是多么困难。When opportunity knocks，please answer the door.Dont keep asking who it is.(2015嘉兴市高三教学测试一)当机会来敲门时，请开门，不要总是问那是谁。I dont know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.我不知道到底为什么我们的校长缺席如此重要的会议。Some students even have n
13、o idea of why they are studying,so they waste much time playing.(2015福州质检)有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“Thats where I was born.”(2014四川高考单项)奶奶指着那个医院说：那就是我出生的地方。规律总结1who,why,how,where,when 等引导主语从句时，常用 it作形式主语。2能接以上词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有 see,tell,ask,answer,know,
14、decide,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,inform,advise 等。3以上词可引导介词的宾语从句。4以上词还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。五、what,wh-ever 引导的名词性从句“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.”This is whatmy mother used to tell me.(2014浙江高考单项填空)(表语从句)“每次你吃糖的时候要喝点绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的事情。Whoever wants to stay in a hotel
15、 has to pay their own way.(主语从句)任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.(宾语从句)我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。Whatever/No matter what you say,I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不相信。规律总结1what 引导名词性从句时，what 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。2“疑问词ever”
16、可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever 与 whatever 表泛指，意为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；whichever 表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论的哪一个/哪一些”。3“疑问词ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。4“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。六、同位语从句与定语从句的区别The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)The news(that)you told me
17、 yesterday was really disappoin-ting.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)规律总结1同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词 that 只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。2定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。常考点一：主语从句1(2014陕西高考)_ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.AWhy BWhenCThat DWhat 解析：句意：那班被延误的航班将什么时间起
18、飞很大程度上取决于天气。根据句子的结构来判断，_ the delayed flight will take off 是主语从句，再根据句子的意思来判断，此处表示“什么时间”。故答案为 B。2(2014天津高考)I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.Awhat BthatCwhich Dwho解析：分析句子结构可知，think 后是一个复合宾语从句，该从句中含有主语从句和定语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，因此排除 B 项；这里没有范围，可排除 C 项；由句意可知，这里不指人，因此排除 D 项。解析：句意：振作
19、起来。勇敢就是做你(明知自己)害怕做的事情。分析句子结构可知，动词 doing 后接的是宾语从句，从句中 do 后缺的是宾语，故用 what 引导。3(2014福建高考)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing _ youre afraid to do.Athat BwhatChow Dwhether常考点二：宾语从句4(2013山东高考)Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.Awhat BwhoseCwhich Dthat解析：句意：得知我们离开时狗会得到很好的照顾真高兴
20、。分析句子成分可知，所填词引导宾语从句，而且在从句中不作任何句子成分，故选 D。解析：句意：别让失败使你灰心丧气，因为你永远不可能弄清楚你离胜利有多近。及物动词 tell 后接宾语从句，根据句意可知空处修饰形容词 close，故应用 how。5(2013湖南高考)Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory.Ahow BthatCwhich Dwhere解析：句意：对足球明星来说，最得意的时刻是踢进制胜球的时候。分析句子结构可知，_ he scored th
21、e winning goal 在句中作表语，是表语从句，根据句意这里应表示“当时候”，应用 when，故选 B。常考点三：表语从句6(2014北京高考)The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.Awhere BwhenChow Dwhy解析：句意：正如约翰列侬曾经说过的一样，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离我们远去。what 引导的是一个表语从句，且在表语从句中作主语，故选 C。7(2014湖南高考)As John Lennon once said,life is _ happens to
22、you while you are busy making other plans.Awhich BthatCwhat Dwhere解析：句意：从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。此处考查的是表语从句的引导词，主要涉及 because 和 why 引导表语从句时的区别。分析前后两句之间的逻辑关系可知，此处为“前果后因”，应用 because，故选 C。8(2013安徽高考)From space,the earth looks blue.This is _ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by
23、 water.AwhyBhowCbecauseDwhether9(2014重庆高考)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah,but I have no idea _ he did it;thats one of his favorite universities.Awhen BwhyCthat Dhow解析：句意：“昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？”“是的。但是我不知道他为什么这样做。那是他最喜欢的大学之一。”根据句意选择 B 项，why 引导同位语从句表原因。常考点四：同位语
24、从句10(2013浙江高考)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief_ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.Ahow BthatCwhich Dwhether解析：空处引导同位语从句，解释说明 belief 的具体内容，而且引导词在从句中不作成分，也无意义，故选 B 项。11(2014北京高考)Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will rep
25、eat itself in the future.Awhatever BwheneverCwherever Dhowever解析：句意：许多人相信以前已经发生的或者现在正在发生的任何事情将来都会再次发生。分析句子结构可知，believe 后为宾语从句，在宾语从句中，_ has happened before or is happening now 作主语，是主语从句，所填内容在主语从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词 whatever，故选 A 项。常考点五：wh-ever 引导的名词性从句12(2013江西高考)_one of you breaks the window will have to
26、 pay for it.AWhoever BWhateverCWhichever DWherever解析：句意：你们中任何一人打破窗户都必须赔偿。根据题干中的 one of you可知，此空要用 whichever修饰 one，指“你们中的任何一个人”。1(2015湖南五市十校第一次联合测试)What she would like to discuss with me was_while everybody said she was a lazy person,she did not think so.Awhat BthatCwhyDwhether解析：句意：她想要和我讨论的事是虽然所有的人都
27、说她是一个懒惰的人，但她自己不这样认为。What she would like to discuss with me 是主语从句，was 后面是一个表语从句，这个表语从句是完整的，故用 that 引导。2(2015安徽芜湖三校一模)_you do will be right because you are a wise and responsible man.AWhat BWhichCWhichever DWhatever解析：句意：无论你做什么事都是正确的，因为你是一位有智慧且负责的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个主语从句，在从句中作宾语，再结合句意可知此处应用 whatever。3(20
28、15皖三所示范性高中高三质检)Do you know_Yang Mi is popular among her fans?From my point of view,it might have something to do with her character.AwhyBwhatCwhereDwhen解析：句意：“你知道为什么杨幂那么受粉丝欢迎吗？”“我认为这可能和她的性格有关吧。”why 表示原因，引导宾语从句。解析：句意：让我感到兴奋的是我们将去佛罗里达享受暖和的天气。分析题干可知，第一空引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，故用 What；第二空引导表语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分且句意完整，故
29、用 that。4(2015衢州市 4 月高三教学质量检测)_made me excited was_we were going to Florida to enjoy the warm weather.AIt;that BWhat;becauseCIt;because DWhat;that解析：句意：因为超重(对健康)有保护作用这一理念，所以人们对减肥是否对健康有益还有争论。根据句意可知，第一空填 Whether，引导主语从句；第二空填 that，引导同位语从句。5(2015福建毕业班质检)_weight loss is of benefit to healthhas been debated
30、 because of this concept_being overweight is protective.AWhether;whetherBThat;thatCWhether;thatDThat;whether6(2015安徽名校联考)I serve Jim three meals every day and do almost everything for him,but he still fails me.Im sorry to say thats_you are mistaken.Ahow BwhyCwhat Dwhere解析：根据答句句意“很遗憾，那正是你出错的地方”可知答案为
31、D 项。解析：空格后名词性从句是对 hope 的解释说明，作 hope的同位语从句，用 that 来引导，that 在句中不作成分。7(2015宁波市高考模拟考试)She has expressed her hope_the foreign students will spread the good will and sincerity of the Chinese people to other parts of the world.Athat BwhichCwhether Dwhat解析：句意：在阅读时，记下你认为很重要的东西。分析该句结构可知，介词 of 后缺宾语，所缺的词作宾语从句中
32、think的宾语，故选 what。8(2015江阴市高三一模)When you are reading,make a note of _ you think is of great importance.AwhichBthatCwhereDwhat9(2015杭州五校第一次联考)His promise_he would give away half of the years income to the disabled turned out a lie，_made the public feel cheated.Awhich;what Bthat;whichCwhat;which Dwhich
33、;that解析：句意：他会捐赠年收入的一半给残疾人的承诺结果证明是一个谎言，这使公众觉得被骗了。第一空用 that 引导同位语从句说明承诺的具体内容；第二空用关系代词which 代指前面整个句子，作定语从句的主语。10(2015湖南十校联考)Life is like a cup,and its up to you to decide _ its a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup.Ahow BwhyCthat Dwhether解析：句意：生活就像一个杯子，是饮水杯还是刷牙杯由你来决定。whether 与 or 连用，意为“无论还是”。11(2015芜湖高三年级
34、高考模拟考试)To be honest，_I really enjoy is the chance to go abroad,just visiting other countries.Athat BwhichCwhere Dwhat解析：分析句子成分可知，空处引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语，所以填 what。12(2015合肥第二次教学质量检测)The bridegroom and bride gave_attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.Awhomever BwhoeverCwhom Dwho解析：句意：新郎和新娘给任何一个参加他们婚礼的人发礼物以分享他们的幸福。分析句子成分可知，_attended their wedding 是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用 whoever。谢 谢 观 看