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2012高三英语素材:高考英语常用词汇辨析500组.doc

1、高考英语常用词汇辨析500组高考英语常用词汇辨析500组AWAA aboutaroundroundl 作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思。about 系常用词, 如:look about 四处看。around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在下列短语里 around没有 about正式, 如:travel around 各处旅行round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用 round时更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用 round指“旋转”, 而用 around指“处处”, “到处”, 如:She turned roun

2、d at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看。I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了。另外, 英国人用 round的地方, 美国人倾向于用 around, 如:英 Winter comes round.美 Winter comes around. above all;afterl all;at all above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。如: But above all tell me quickly what I have to do可首先快些告诉我该做什

3、么。 A clock must above all keeps good time时钟最重要的是必须走得准。 after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如: After all,your birthday is only two weeks away毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。 He is,after all,a small child他毕竟还是个小孩子。 He failed after all他终于失败了。 at all用于否定句时,意为“丝毫;根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;实在”。用于肯定句中

4、,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等),意为“竟然”等。如: He doesnt like you at all他根本不喜欢你。 Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事? If you do it at all,do it well若你真要做这件事,就得做好。 I was surprised at his coming at all他竟然来了,我很惊讶。 add; add to; addto; addl up to add作“加,增加”解时,既可作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词;作“又说,补充说”解时,与直接或间接引语连用。如: If the te

5、a is too strong, add some more hot water 如果茶太浓了,再加点开水。 After a short while, he added that he would try his best 过了一会儿,他又接着说他会尽力。 add to意为“增添,增加,增进”。如: The bad weather added to our difficulties 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。 addto意为“把加到”,是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。如: Add two to seven, and you will get nine七加二等于九。 add up to意为“加

6、起来总共是累计得”,该短语不用于被动语态。如: All his school education added up to no more than one year 他的学校教育加起来不过一年。 affair;l thing; matter; businessaffair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广,泛指已做或待做的事;复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务,如财政管理、外交事务等。thing意为“事情、事物”,不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing,一般不能专指事务;复数things还可作“形势”解。matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。business作“事务、事情”解时

7、,一般不能用复数,常常指所指派的任务、责任;有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。l a great deal; a great deal of a great deal用作名词,意为“大量”,“许多”,作主语、宾语;用作副词,意为“很”或“非常”,作状语,修饰动词或用来强调比较级。如: A great deal has been studied and this is the best way 经过大量研究后,这(被认为)是最好的办法。 We are a great deal cleverer than before 我们比以前聪明多了。 a great deal of意为“大量的”,“非

8、常多的”,相当于much,作定语,后接不可数名词。如: A great deal of timemoneyenergy has been spent on the project 大量的时间金钱能源花在那个工程上了。 agreel on;agree to;agree with;agree that agree on作“就取得一致意见”解。例如: The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month 上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。 agree to有两层含义和用法: 其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意(答

9、应)做某事”解。例如:My father agreed to buy a new pen for me 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。 其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划条件建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如: They have a greed to our plan 他们已同意我们的计划。 agree with作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如: He agreed with my opinions 他同意了我的意见。 We agreed with what he said at the meeting 我们同意他在会上讲的话。 a

10、gree that作“认为”解,其后跟宾语从句。例如: I agree that your composition is very good 我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。 allow;let 二者均可作“允许”解,但各有侧重:l allow重在“允许”或“容许”,也可表示客气的请求。例如: He allowed me to take his dictionary他允许我拿走他的词典。 Will you allow me to use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗? let作“允许”或“让”解,主要用于口语,一般可与allow互换。作“允许”解时,常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意;作“

11、让”解时,常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。注意:let之后作宾补的不定式不带to,且不可用于被动语态,而allow则相反。例如: Please let me walk with you(Please allow me to walk with you)我(请允许我)跟你一起走。注:allow常用于allow sbto do sth或allow doing sth结构中。 l although; though; as 三者均可表示“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式,语气较强;though较常用;as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意: 状语从句由although

12、, though或as引导,主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如: AlthoughThough he believes it, yet he will not act 他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。 as表示“尽管;虽然”,只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如: Young asthough he is, he knows a lot 他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。 注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。例如: Child asthough

13、 he is, he can speak two foreign languages 虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。 though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although却不能。例如: They said they would come; they did not, though 他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。 although只用来陈述“事实”,不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(as if)”,不能说even although或as although。例如: I believe you are on dutyeven thou

14、gh youre in plain clothes 尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤。 amongbetweenl 这两个介词都有“在之间”的意思。between常用于两者之间;among一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用between。 例如:The girl walked between her father and mother这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。 She is the tallest among her classmates她在她同学之间是最高的。 Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria

15、and Germany瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。 l arguedebatedispute 都含“辩论”的意思。 argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”, 如:I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason. 我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听。 debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思, 如:We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。 dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决

16、”之意,如:Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed. 他是否当选为主席, 仍然有争论。 argue;quarrel;discussl 这三个动词均有“争”的意思,但“争”法不同。 argue着重就自己的看法或观点,提出论证,同他人“争论”或“辩论”。例如: We heard them arguing in the other room我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。 另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人;与about连用,其后接事物。例如: We argued with them about this problem

17、 for a long time这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。 quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配,其后接某人;和about连用,其后接某事。例如: He often quarrels about their housework with his wife他常为家务事同妻子争吵。 discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如: Well discuss the use of the articles tomorrow明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。 as (so) far as; as (so) long asl as(so)far

18、as的意思是“就而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sthis concerned是其中一种具体用法,意为“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。如:As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs 就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。There is nothing that we cant do so as long as we keep on trying to do it 只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。

19、As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。 asleepsleepingl 二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语,不能作定语,表示“睡着,熟睡”的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定语,放在名词前,表示“睡眠中的,休止的”意思。 如:我们不能说:an asleep baby,但可以说:a sleeping baby(一个熟睡的婴儿)。 再如:He was asleep with his head on his arms他头枕着手臂在熟睡。 asleepi

20、ng dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car卧车 sleeping bag睡袋 assert,affirm,maintainl maintain指在相反的证据或论点面前,重申原来的某种观点、立场。affirm指以事实为依据,深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法。assert宣称、断言,常指某人主观自信,坚持己见,有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论。 ADespite all the policemans questions the suspect that he had been at home all evening BIt is nonsense to that smoking does not

21、damage peoples health CThroughout his prison sentence Dunn has always his innocence Answers:A.affirmed B.assert C.maintained l as though;even though;though as though(as if),意为“好像;似乎”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如: He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。 It looks as if(as though)it is goin

22、g to rain看起来好像要下雨。 even though(even if),意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如: He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。 He will not tell the secret though he knows it他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来

23、。 at the at the beginning;in the beginning l beginning 在初;在开始的时候。常与of连用。例如: Students usually have a study plan at the in the beginning 相当于atbeginning of term 学生们在开学初制定学习计划。 first,表示“起初、开始”时,含“起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况”之意,不与of连用。例如: In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。 l a

24、ttackassailassaultchargebeset 都含有攻击的意思。attack 是常用词, 指攻击敌人或用言论攻击他人, 如:Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. 德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。assail 指猛烈连续地攻击, 如:The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 敌机不断猛烈地攻击我们的阵地。assault 语气比 assail强, 指突然猛烈地进攻, 暗示武力的直接接触 (如肉搏等), 也有暴力的意思, 如:The enemy assaulted us at

25、 dawn. 敌人在黎明时向我进攻。charge 指冲击或骑兵的突然攻击, 如:The cavalry charged to the front. 骑兵猛烈向前线冲击。beset 指围攻, 即从各个方向攻击, 如:In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes. 在沼泽地里, 我们受到蚊子的围攻。 at the agel at the ageofby the age of of表示“在岁时”,后面接基数词,强调某一时刻的情况或动作,用于一般过去时,作时间状语。例如: At the age of six,he began to learn English他六岁的

26、时候开始学英语。 She learned to play the piano at the age often她十岁的时候学弹钢琴。 by the age of表示“到岁的时候”、“在岁以前”,后面接基数词,强调到某一时刻为止的结果,用于过去完成时或将来完成时,作时间状语。例如: By the age of sixteen,he had learned to drive a car到十六岁的时候,他已经学会了开小汽车。 You will have learned more than 2000 English words by the age of fourteen 到你十四岁的时候,你将学会2

27、000多个英语单词。 at the time; at that time; at onel time; at a time at the time通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。例如: Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time 当时,许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。 有时,at the time的后面可接“of”短语。这时,它表示“在(某事态)发生的时候”或“在的时代”。例如: Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake i

28、n 1989 1989年旧金山发生地震时,你在那里吗? It happened at the time of King Alfred 事情发生在阿尔弗雷德国王时期。 at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of”短语。例如: In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and SichuanAt that time(At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded at one timed

29、uring a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”,“曾经”。例如: They used to be good friends at one time 他们曾经是好朋友。 at a time则意为“一次”,表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。例如: Dont speak all at onceOne at a time, please 不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。 Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time 这些药每天服三次,每次服三粒。 atl sp

30、eed with speedat the speed of或者at speed,意为“以的速度”。而当speed被all, lightning, great等修饰时,介词应用with。我们可用一句口诀来帮助记忆:都(all)以闪电般(lightning)大(great)的速度行驶。如:Our car was running with all speed on the expressway 我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。The Long March No2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 112 kilometers

31、 per second 长征二号火箭以每秒钟112公里的速度将卫星发射到太空。Bl 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词,但是as,because,since是从属连词,引导原因状语从句,for是并列连词,所引导的不是原因状语从句,而是表示理由的对等句子,是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为becausesinceasfor。because引导的从句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系,在回答why的提问时,必须用because作答。becausesinceasfor 如:We stayed at home because it rained因为下雨我

32、们呆在家里。 as与since引导的从句多置于句首,不过as表示十分明显的原因,只说明一般的因果关系,可译为“因为、由于”;而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因,一般可译为“既然”。如: As he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone由于他身体欠佳,我决定独自去那里。 Since everyone is here,lets start既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。 for引导的从句一般放在句末,其前用逗号,它所叙述的理由是间接的,即推测性理由,或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如: There must be nobody

33、 in the classroom,for the light is off教室里一定没有人,因为灯灭了。(推测性理由) believe;believe inl believe作及物动词时,其后可跟名词,表示“相信”;后接从句或复合宾语时,表示“认为;料想;相信”等。如: I believe what he says我相信他的话。 I believe that he will succeed我相信他会成功的。 believe in 是一个动介型短语动词,表示“信奉;信仰”(指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心)和“信任(have trust in)”。如: They believe in G

34、od他们信仰上帝。 I believe in having plenty of exercise我相信多锻炼有好处。 believe和believe in后均可接表示人的名词或代词,但含义不同。试比较: I believe in him(I think he is a frustworthy man)我信任他。 I believe him(I believe what he says)我相信他的话。 belieffaithtrustconfidencel 都含有“相信”的意思。belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如:belief in ghosts. 相信有鬼。fa

35、ith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如:I have faith in his ability to succeed. 我相信他有成功的能力。trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如:enjoy the trust of the people 得到人民的信任。confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如:She has great confidence in her success. 她对自己的成功充满信心。 besides;except;butl 三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时,exceptbut意为“除外(不

36、再有)”;besides意为“除外(还有)”。请比较: All of them have seen the film exceptbut Wu Dong 除了吴东外,他们都看过了那部影片。 All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong 除了吴东看过那部影片外,他们也都看过了。 except后接名词、代词、ing或不定式时,可以与but互换;except后接副词、介词短语时,一般不能为but所替换。如:Ill do everything exceptbut cook 除了做饭,我什么事情都干。 This window is never opened

37、 except in summer 除了在夏天,这个窗子从不打开。 用在否定句中,三者可以互换。如: There arent any other people to do the work exceptbutbesides you 除了你,没人能做这工作。 l be be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be anxious that anxious to表示“急于”、“渴望”,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形; be anxious for表示“渴望”,后面接名词或代词时,强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事;后面接sbto do s

38、th时,表示“渴望某人能做某事”,其中for sbto do sth是不定式复合结构。 be anxiousbe anxious about 表示“对感到不安”、“为担心”、“为忧虑”; that表示“渴望”,后面接从句,that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气; EXERCISESI the result of the examination We know the result of the examination We Mr Liu to help us with our English Mr Li a new car They arrive home before dark(Key: am

39、anxious aboutfor are anxious to are anxious foris anxious for are anxious to)1) The girl a new dictionary 2) All the students their results of this examination 3) Everyone know their results of the competition 4) We Mr Zhao to return 5) We she should do her best Key: 1) wasis anxious for 2) are anxi

40、ous about 3) is anxious to4)are anxious for 5) are anxious that be known as; be known for; be known to;be known inl be known as 意为“作为而著名”,其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如: Liu Huan is known as a singer刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。 Were sure youll be well-known as an artist我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。 be known for 意为“因而著名”,其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长

41、等。如: Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。 Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day 盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。 be known to “为所了解知道”,其后接表示人的词语。“(人们都)知道”,其后接动词原形。如: He is known to all in our village村子里的人都了解他。 He was known to have invent

42、ed many thingsIt was known that he had invented many things人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。 be known in 意为“在某地很著名”。如: He is well-known in the town where he was born 他在自己出生的那个镇子上很出名。 be made ofbe made inbe made frombe made bybel be madebe made of表示“由制成”,指从原料到制成品,只发生了形状变化,没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)。 made up of be madein当后面接时间的数

43、词或名词时,表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词时,表示“某地产某物”。 be madefrom表示“由制成”,指从原料到制成品,发生了质的变化,已无法复原(属化学变化)。 be made upby表示“由制做”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调动作的执行者。 of表示“由构成(组成)”,强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。 【练习】用be made in,be made of,be made from,be made by或be made up of填空。 This bike Tianjin This table wood The car 1999 Paper wood

44、 The kite my mother The team ten members 【Keys】was made in; is made of ;was made in be used forbe used asbe used byl;is made from;was made by;is made up of be usedbe used for表示“被用作”或“被用来作”,后面接名词或ving,其中for表示目的。 be usedas表示“作为而用”或“用作”,后面接名词或动词不定式,强调使用的工具及手段。 by表示“由使用”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调使用者。 【练习】用be used

45、for,be used as或be used by填空。 A telephone better communication(交流) The motorbike Liu Ming A ruler often a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open 【Keys】is used for;is used by;is,used as be pleasedl with; be pleased at(或about);be pleased to 1) The manager you before 2) My boss must see you again in

46、HongKong 3) I seeing so many students present 4) I hear Mr Zhao your article析: was pleased with。表示“对满意;喜欢”后面通常接指人的名词或代词。 be pleased to。表示“很高兴或很乐意做某事”,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形。 am pleased at(或about)。be pleased at(或about)表示“对(看到或听到的)事感到高兴,”后面接指事的名词或ving。is pleased at(或about)。解析同。 be to do sth;be about to do

47、 sth;be going to do sthl be to do sth表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,后可跟时间状语。如: Youre to hand in your papers by 10 oclock十点钟以前你得交上试卷。 be about to do sth表示打算或安排即将发生的动作,它通常不与时间状语连用。如: I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door我正要出去,这时有人敲门。 be going to do sth有三层含义: 表示打算、计划或决定要做某事。如: Were going to spend our

48、 holidays in Wales this year 今年我们打算到威尔士度假。 用以表示某事物即将发生或很可能发生。如: Im going to be twenty next month 下个月我就二十岁了。 有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。如: Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm 瞧那些乌云,暴风雨就要来了。 l beat; strike; hitstrike通常表示“打一下、打若干下”,不一定都是有意的;还有“打动、使着迷、某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义;也可指“打、擦出(火),(蛇、兽)抓,咬,或(钟)

49、敲响”。hit指“打中”或“对准来打”,“敲打或打击对方的某一点”。beat着重“连续地打击”。如:殴打或体罚;也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方;也指“心跳”。l blame; scold blame“责备;责怪”,指某人应对自己不好的行为负责(常与for连用),或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人(常与on或upon连用),往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事,没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。例如: He blamed Tom for the failure 他责怪汤姆造成了失败。 Dont blame it on him, but on me 别怪他,该怪我。 scold“责骂”,指唠唠叨叨地数说某人,

50、多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。例如: Dont scold the childIts not his fault 不要责骂那孩子,这不是他的过失。 I hate to scold, son, but you mustnt stay out so late at night 我不喜欢斥责,孩子,可你不该呆在外面那么晚不回家。 l blow down表示“吹倒”、“刮倒”;blowblow down; blow in; blow off; blow over in表示“吹进”、“吹入”;blow off表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“发泄”;blow over表示“暴风雨吹散”、“过去”、“结

51、束”。 EXERCISES 1) The high winds yesterday thousands of trees 2) We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon 3) I had my hat by the wind 4) A lot of dust You must clear it away Key: 1) blew down2) blew over3) blown off 4) has blown in break up; break down; breakl out; break into; break in; break away; b

52、reak through break up表示“打碎”、“变坏”、“分解”、“终止”、“破裂”。 break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失败”、“出故障”、“破坏”、“拆毁”。 break out表示“爆发”、“突然发生”。 break into表示“强行进入”、“闯入”、“破门而入”、“打断(谈话、讨论)”、“突然起来”。 break in表示“闯入”、“打断”、“插嘴”,其中in是副词。 break away表示“脱逃”、“脱离”、“突然离开”、“革除”、“戒除”,常与from连用。 break through表示“战胜”、“突围”、“穿过而出现”、“突破”。 练 He said

53、his computer Those old cars will be for scrap(废铁) Last night somebody Mr Browns house and took away many things A fire after we had gone home The boy often while his parents are speaking You must from bad habits After the heavy rain the sun the clouds A thief and stole a lot of things last night Tom

54、 the motor bike which he bought five years ago The ice began to on the river (Key:had broken down broken up broke into broke out breaks inbreak away broke through broke in broke down break up) l bring on;bring in;bring out bring on 使发生;引起;端上(饭菜)。如: Tom often brings on meals and his brother,Jim picks

55、 up the dishes after meals 汤姆常常端上饭菜,(而)他弟弟吉姆饭后收拾碗碟。 The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again 天气突然变冷,使他再次感冒。 bring in 引来;引进;吸收。如: His new business brings in 1,000 dollars 他的新生意使他赚了一千美元。 We also brought in some words from English 我们也从英语中吸收了一些词汇。 bring out 取出;说出;阐明;出版。如:He brought out his gun

56、and pointed at me他掏出枪来指着我。 Bring out the meaning more clearly请把意思讲清楚些。 They have brought out a set of childrens books他们出版了一套儿童读物。 l bringbring down; bring back; bring up; bring in bringbring back表示“使回想起”、“归还”、“带回来”;down表示“使倒下”、“减少”、“降低(价格、温度)”; bring in表示“把引进来”、“赚入”、“获利”、“把拿进来”、“吸收”。up表示“呕吐出”、“养育”;

57、EXERCISES 1) Her singing memories of my mother 2) They also some words from their own languages 3) The wind a number of trees 4) He all he had eaten 5) Can you try to get them to the price 6) All library books must be before June 25 7) Mr White 500 a week 8) You must manage to the temperature Key: 1

58、) brings back 2) brought in 3) brought down 4) brought up 5) bring down 6) brought back 7) is bringing in 8) bring down broad;l wide两者都表示两边或两点之间的距离都有“宽的”之意, 但broad着重某物覆盖面的范围 (如肩、背、胸等的宽),还可表示“宽宏大量”;wide着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及“广泛”之意。如:Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surpri

59、sed with his mouth wide open.看着那个新型相机,那个肩宽背阔的年轻人惊奇得张大了嘴巴。Hes a broad-minded person; hell never be disappointed by such a small failure 他是个心胸宽广的人;决不会因为那么一次小小的失败而感到失望。 l 这两个连词都有“但是,可是,然而”之意。but连接两个分句或有关部分,表示转折或逻辑上的对比关系,使用最广,口语中更为常见。如:buthowever We love peace but we are not afraid of war我们热爱和平,但我们并不害怕战

60、争。 however转折意味比but弱,连接的两个分句或有关部分的关系较为松弛,后一部分常起附带说明或衬托作用。however常以插入语形式出现在句子中间,前后用逗号隔开,也可置于句首或句末。如: Later,however,he decided to go可是后来他决定去了。 by oneself;oneselfl by oneselfalone,without help。强调“在无他人或他物的情况下”或“无帮助的情况下”;oneself作同位语,表示强调本人。试比较: If you come to my house,Ill cook for you myself 如果你来我家,我将亲自下厨

61、。(强调亲手为你做饭) Can you cook by yourself now? 你现在能单独做饭了吗?(强调无他人协作) byl sea;by the sea by sea意为“走海路;坐轮船”,其中by表示乘坐交通工具或行走方式,by与名词间不可用冠词;by the sea意为“在海边”,其中by表示“在旁边”,by与后面的名词间常有冠词修饰。如: They will go to America by sea 他们将坐轮船去美国。 There is a small village by the sea海边有个小村庄。 请比较下面类似有这样区别的短语: by ship乘船 by a shi

62、p在一艘轮船旁边 by land从陆路 by the land在岸边(在陆地旁边) by taxi乘出租车 by the taxi在出租车旁边 by road从陆路 by the road在路边D daily; everyday; every dayl daily用作名词意为“日报” 如:China everyday意为“每日的、日常的”,在句中作定语。everydayDaily中国日报用作形容词,意同everyday;用作副词意同everyday。 everyEnglishdaily English日常英语;everyday lifedaily life日常生活。 day(分开写)意为“每天

63、”,在句中作状语。如: He comes here every dayHe comes here daily他每天来这儿。 damage; destroy;l ruin这三个词都有“破坏;损坏”的意思,区别如下:damage意为“损坏、破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品,一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低,这种损坏是部分性的,通常指损坏的程度不那么严重,还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有时该词也用于借喻。如: The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt 汽车在

64、事故中损坏不严重,但却有五个人受了重伤。 Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness长期生病使她的心脏受到轻度损伤。 What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。Smoking has damaged his health badly 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。 damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。如: The earthquake did a lot of damages to

65、 the city这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。 destroy意为“破坏;摧毁;消灭;毁灭”,通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”,一般情况下不可以修复再用。另外,它既可表示毁坏具体的物品,也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。如: The big fire destroyed the whole house 这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。 The Nazi wanted to destroy peoples hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazis dream by the power of people 纳粹想摧毁人民的希望,最终是纳粹的

66、梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。ruin多用于借喻之中,有时泛指一般性的破坏,指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。如: My new coat is ruined我的外套不能再穿了。 The rain will ruin the crops这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。 I was ruined by that law case; Im a ruined man我被那场官司毁了,我破产了。 l dampwetdankmoisthumid 都含潮湿的意思。damp指轻度潮湿, 使人感觉不舒服的, 如:I dont like damp weather. 我不喜欢潮湿的天气。wet 指含水分或其他液体的、湿的, 如:b

67、e wet to the skin 浑身湿透。dank 指阴湿的, 如:a dark dank and chilly cave 一个既黑暗又潮湿、又阴冷的洞。moist指微湿的、湿润的, 常含不十分干, 此湿度是令人愉快的意思, 如:Grasses were moist with dew. 草被露水润湿了。humid为正式用语, 常表示空气中湿度大的, 如:In the east, the air is humid in summer. 在东方, 夏季空气潮湿。 day by day; day after dayl day by day意为“一天一天地”,“逐日”,表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短

68、语只能作状语。如: Its getting colder day by day天气一天天冷了起来。 The boy is getting better day by day那孩子一天天好了起来。 day after day意为“日复一日”、“一天又一天”,表示一个重复(周而复始或循环重复)的动作或事件。该短语可作主语和状语。如: Day after day went by, and still no message arrived日子一天天过去,仍然杳无音讯。 I have to do the work day after day我得天天做这项工作。 deal with; do with; g

69、et rid ofl get rid of表示“处理”,侧重“消灭;摆脱或清除”;deal with和do with侧重“处理”的手段、方法或方式。do的后面可接宾语,deal的后面不接宾语;do with常与what连用,deal with常与how连用。 练 If they are not coming, we can the tickets How did they matters of this sort What did you the broken car Mr Zhang wrote a book life in England We should the weeds in th

70、e fields(Key: get rid of deal with do with dealing with get rid of)demonstrate demonstrate,illustrate l 证明,论证,以科学严谨的态度,通过推理、辩论或提供证据来证明事物的正谬。illustrate 指用实物、图片等进行说明,illustrate后常用介词by,with。 AThe lecturer his point with a diagram ont heblackboard BTo his arguments,he showed us a lot of facts CThese fig

71、ures clearly the size of the economic problem facing the country Answers:A.illustrated B.demonstrate C.demonstrate discover;invent;find;findl outinvent意为“发明”,指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。Who invented the telephone? 是谁发明电话的? He invented a new teaching method他发明了一种新的教学方法。find意为“找到、发现”,指找到或发现自己所需要的东西或

72、丢失的东西,着重指找到的结果。Weve found oil under the South Sea我们已在南海发现了石油。 They finally found a way 他们终于找到了办法。discover意为“发现”, 表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误,即指发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物,也可表示发现已为人所知的事物的新的性质或用途。Columbus discovered America in1492 哥伦布1492年发现了美洲。 We soon discovered the truth 我们很快就弄清了真相。find out指经过研究或询问查明某事或真相。

73、EXERCISES1Edison the electric lamp 2I lost my necklace last nightI havent it 3Who America first? 4Can you what time the train leaves? ANSWER: 1invented2found3discovered4find outl 都含“丢人”、“耻辱”的意思。disgracedishonorshameinfamyscandal disgrace 指“失去别人的尊敬”、“因自己或别人的行为所产生的耻辱感”, 如:He was in disgrace after his

74、ungentlemanly behavior. 他因为行为不检而为人所不齿。dishonor指“因自己的言行而丧失自尊或玷辱名誉”, 如:His desertion to the enemy was a dishonor to his family. 他的投敌行为对他的家庭是耻辱。shame指“由于失去自尊心而感到羞愧或羞耻”, 如I think it a shame to be so wasteful. 我认为那样浪费太可耻了。infamy指“声名狼藉”、“臭名昭著”, 如:His name will live in infamy. 他的名字将遗臭万年。scandal指“引起公愤的行为”、“

75、丑事”, 如Iran Scandal 伊朗丑闻(指美国向伊朗出售武器的秘密被揭露后, 所引起的批评)。E ever before;ever since;everl after ever since意为“从之后一直”,其中的since既可作副词,也可作连词,该短语与完成时连用。有时ever可以省略。ever before意为“比以往任何时候”,其中的before为副词,常与比较级连用并放在than之后。ever用来加强before的语气,before有时可以省略。ever after意为“从那以后”,其中的after可作连词,也可作副词,该短语常与过去时连用。EXERCISES1He went

76、to Tibet in 1969 and has lived there 2The flowers grow more beautiful than 3The couple lived a hard life ANSWER: 1.ever since2ever before3ever after exceptbutl 二者意思均为:除之外。except强调所除外的人(或事物);而but则将重点置于其他人(或事物)。 如:We all passed the exam except Tom除了汤姆没及格外,我们都及格了。(汤姆一人不及格) Nobody knew her name but me除我

77、以外,没有人知道他的名字。(强调除“我”知道外,其他人都不知道) except前常有all,any,every,no及其复合词等;but也常与no,nobody,nothing,all,anywhere等词连用。二者后都可接名词、代词、动词的ing形式和原形动词,可以互换;但except后还可跟副词、介词短语等,此时,不能用but来代替。 如:He answered all the questions exceptbut the last one除最后一个问题没答外,其余问题他都答了。 He has always been in high spirits except recently除近来外

78、,他总是精神饱满。(except后跟副词) The window is never opened except in summer除夏季外,这扇窗户从来不开。(except后跟介词短语) except,but用于否定句时,可以互换。 如:There arent any other people to be considered exceptbut you除你之外,其他人将不予考虑。G gather round; gather in;l gather up; gather from gather round表示“聚集在周围”、“聚集在一起”。 gather in表示“收获庄稼”。 gather

79、up表示“收拾起来”、“抱起来”。 gather from表示“从推测”、“从推想”,后面与thatclause连用。 练 I her letter that she is very happy now The students in our class Mr Wang Youd better your books and put them away The farmers the wheat now All the workers him and asked him what was wrong with him at all (Key: gather fromgathered roundg

80、ather upare gathering ingathered round) get away (from); run away (from);escape (from);fleel get away from及run awayescape指安全地“逃走或跑掉”,强调结果;(from)这几个词均可表示“逃”,但含义有别: flee强调“逃”这一动作急促或迅速,不强调结果。选用时根据上下文的含义来定。如:from表示“逃”的动作或行为,含有动作快速而敏捷之意,多用于口语中; The bird has escaped from the cage那只鸟逃出鸟笼了。 He ran awaygot a

81、wayescaped from the fire他从火灾中逃出来了。 He fled (from) the burning house他从燃烧的房子中逃出。 另外,表示“从某处抽身”,一般用get away from。如: Im afraid she cant get away from the give give up; give in; give out lmeeting 我恐怕她很难从会议中抽身。 giveup指行为或努力受挫或别的原因而主动放弃,可用作及物动词,跟名词或ving作宾语;也可作不及物动词; give out意为“用完;耗尽;体力不支”,是不及物动词。例如:in指不再坚持自

82、己的行为或观点等,而按别人的要求去做,一般作不及物动词; The wind was strong and the waves were big,so he had to give up attemptinghis attempt to swim the channel风急浪高,他只好放弃横渡海峡的打算。 All the girls finished the race except two who gave up half way除有两个中途放弃外,其它所有的姑娘都跑完了比赛的全程。 As neither of the two sides would give in,the agreement

83、fell through 由于双方都不肯让步,所以没能达成协议。 After a long journey,my strength gave out and couldnt walk any farther走了很长的路,我已筋疲力尽,再也走不动了。 glance; stare; glarel 这组动词都与“看”有关。glance意为“匆匆一瞥”,是不及物动词,其后必须接介词at, over等才可以接宾语。如: 1) He glanced at his watch他匆匆看了一下手表。 2) She glanced down the list of names她由上而下匆匆地看了一下名单。 sta

84、re意为“凝视”,它也是一个不及物动词,其后通常接介词at才能接宾语。如: She stared at him in surprise她惊讶地瞪着他看。 He was staring out to the sea他凝目眺望大海。 glare意为“怒视;瞪眼”,也是不及物动词,其后要接介词at后才能接宾语。如: They stood glaring at each other他们互相怒目而视地站着。 go on to do sth;go on doing sth;go on with sthl gogo on to do sth表示“接着做另一件事”,即接下去做与原来不同的一件事;这三个短语都有

85、继续做某事的意思,但在含义上有所不同。 go on withon doing sth表示“继续不停地做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”; sth表示“间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”,其后一般接代词作宾语。通常情况下,go on doing sth和go on with sth可互换。例如: After they had read the text,the students went on to do the exercises 读完课文后,学生们继续做练习。 The students went on talking and laughing all the way 一路上学生们一直有说有笑

86、。 After a rest,we went on with our lesson(After a rest,we went on having our lesson) 休息以后,我们继续上课。H habit, practice, custom,l convention这组名词一般含义为“习惯”。habit指个人的“习惯”,通常用于表示做事、思考问题或行为举止的不自觉的方式方法That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen. 这证

87、明是我的失败,因为我不久就回到在电视屏幕前打瞌睡的坏习惯去了。practice 既可表示个人的也可表示社会的“习惯”,这种“习惯”从性质上看是一种反复不断的或是有选择性的行为或者方法On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fatthe normally accepted practice in many northern countries. 在另一方面,一想到用动物油煎马铃薯,你便会作呕。然而在许多北欧国家里,这是为大家接受的通常习惯。She walked slow

88、ly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open,yet following her general practice she had shut them before going out. 她慢慢地走进厅堂,并且立刻发现所有的房门都是开着的。但是按照她自己的一般习惯,她在外出前总是把门全部关好的。custom 具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含义,此外,custom 还包含这样一层意思:长期而广泛采用的行为或方法,即风俗习惯,按照某地区人们共同生活及其行为的准则或规范,它不仅有指导意义,

89、而且具有必须遵循的意义Dont be a slave to custom. 不要做风俗习惯的奴隶。From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour. 一个人从诞生的那一时刻起,他降生后所处的风俗习惯便给他的阅历和行为定型。convention 其实是其他3个词的近义词,它的含义为:固定的或公众一致承认的行事或表达思想的方法They disregard social conventions without being conscious that th

90、ey are doing anything extraordinary. 他们不顾社会习俗,并未意识到自己在做些与众不同的事。 hand down;hand in;hand over;handl out ; by hand ;hands up hand down作“把传下来”解。例如: knowledge, customs and memories were handed down by the elders of the race 他们的知识,生活习惯以及人们所怀念的事情,都是由他们的祖先传下来的。 The story was handed down from one generation

91、to another这个故事世代相传。 hand in为“把交上来” 、“交给”、“递交”之意。例如: Time is upHand in your examination papers时间到了,请把试卷交上来。 hand over作“转交”或“移送”解。例如: Please hand over this money to XiaoZhou请将这笔钱转交小周。 The thief was handed over to the police小偷已被移送到公安机关了。 hand out为“散发”之意。例如:When I got to the classroom the teacher had al

92、ready begun handing out the test papers我赶到教室时,老师已开始分发试卷了。byhands up表示“举起手来”; hand表示“用手”、“手工”,是介词短语,作方式状语。 EXERCISES This toy was made After class, you must your homeworkIf you have any questions to ask,please (Keys:by hand hand in hands up) have sbdol have sbdosth;have sbsthdoing sth;have sthdone st

93、h为“使(让、请)某人做某事”之意,其中作宾补的不带to的不定式只表示发生过某事。例如: The soldiers had the boy stand have sbsthdoingwith his back to his father 士兵们让男孩背对着父亲站着。 sth为“让某人(某事)一直做某事”之意,其中作宾补的现在分词表示保持或一直存在的状态。例如: The two cheats had their lights burning all night long 两个骗子让灯整夜地亮着。 Although the farm is large,my dad has only have st

94、hdone 有两层含义和用法:two men working for him 虽然农场大,但我爸爸只雇了两人为他(一直)干活。 *其一,作“(有意地)让他人为自己做某事”解,即过去分词所表示的动作由别人完成,而宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者或动作对象。例如: Ill have a new suit made of this cloth 我要用这种布料做一套新衣服。 *作“(无意识地)让某人(或某物)遭受不幸”解。例如: He had his handbag stolen 他的手提包被人偷了。 hear hear of hear from hearl hearof表示“听人说起”、“听说过”,

95、侧重于间接听说; hear表示“听见”、“听到”,后面接名词、代词或宾语从句。from表示“收到的来信”、“收到的来电”,后面接指人的名词或代词; EXERCISES I that our team wonI my brother twice a monthI her death last weekCan you some birds singing?(Keys:heard hear from heard of hear) l holiday(holidays),leave, vacation 这三个词都有“假日(期)”的意思,但含义用法并不相同。holiday(holidays)一般指“休假

96、”Tom and I are going to have a holiday. 我和汤姆准备去度假。Ive already had my holidays this year. 我今年已经度过假了。During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car. 在瑞典度假期间,我在我的车子上发现了这张字条。Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总是弄得我过不好假日。My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends.

97、 我的假日过的很快,但是我一张明信片也没有寄给朋友。注:havea (或ones)holiday 度假,during a holiday 在一次假期中。这种用法的holiday 总用单数形式,但并不只是“一天”假。 复数形式的holidays 泛指“假日”,如summer holidays 暑假。但“Sunday is a holiday ”中的holiday 却是“一天”的假。leave 指“请假”,被批准后离开自己的工作的一段时间He stays at home on sick leave. 他请了病假呆在家里。He asked for a six months leave. 他请了6个月

98、的假。vacation 在英国指大学的寒暑假或法定不工作的日子,美国可指任何假日(期)The students are planning how to spend their summer vacation. 这些大学生在计划着怎样过暑假。Mr. Fuller is on vacation now. 费勒先生在度假。 honour homagel 都含“尊敬”、“敬意”的意思。reverencedeference honour 指“普遍承认或钦佩某人的人格、事迹等因而受到的尊敬”, 如:in hono(u)r of the martyred dead 向死难烈士致敬。homage 指“以诚恳恭

99、敬的态度表示敬意” 如:They bowed in homage to the Unknown Soldiers. 他们向无名烈士墓鞠躬致敬。reverence指“崇敬”, 如 He held her in reverence. 他崇敬她。 deference指“听从长者、上司、或值得尊重的人表现出的尊敬”, 如:Do you treat your parents and teachers with deference? 你对父母师长尊敬吗?l hurt为普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害(可被badly, slightly,hurt; injure; wound; cut seriously等修饰

100、),也可指精神上、感情上的伤害(被very muchratherdeeply修饰),多指伤痛。如: I hurt my leg badly in the football match在那场足球赛中,我的腿受了重伤。 He felt rather hurt at your words你的话使他很难过。 injure比hurt正式,主要指意外事故中损害健康、容貌等,强调功能的损失。如: A bullet injured his left eye一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。 wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,尤其指用武器有意造成的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤。也可指人们精神上的创伤。如

101、: The thief wounded him with a knife那小偷用刀刺伤了他。 You have wounded his pride你伤害了他的自尊心。 cut指无意中造成的轻伤。如: How did you get that cut on your hand你手上的伤口是怎么弄的?I identical,alike,resemblel alikeidentical adj指同一个人或物时,表示“同一的”,可以与same互换。在描写两个或两个以上人或物时,表示“完全一样的”。 resemble v指看起来象。adj常作表语,表示在外表、性格或品质等方面几乎相同。 AAfter t

102、he earthquake the city a battle field BThe interests of both parties mayn ot be ,but they do overlap considerably CYou and your father dont look very much DThis gun is to the one which the murderer used Answers: A. resembled B. identical C. alike D. identical illness;sickness;disease三者均有“病或疾病”之意。ldi

103、sease 具体指身体上发生的任何不适或疾病,可引申为某种“弊端”,如:heart disease “心脏病”; disease of society“社会弊端”等。 sickness 和 illness 可指任何疾病或不适。但在英国,用法有些区别:sickness 多用来指恶心、呕吐之类的疾病及因某种外因引出的疾病;illness主要用于因人体内部的虚弱或失调引起的疾病。在时间上,短时的病痛多用 sickness,较长时间的病痛多用 illness。例如: He suffered from mountain sickness他患有高山病。 The child has suffered fro

104、m illness for two years这孩子已经病了两年了。 Rough seas caused much sickness among the passengers. 汹涌的海浪使许多乘客感到恶心。l increase(decrease)by;increase(decrease)to 与increase,decrease搭配时,by表示数量增加或减少的幅度,即在原有的基础上“增加或减少了多少”;to则表示“增加或减少到多少”。试比较: The production cost of these trucks has decreased by one third compared to

105、last year与去年相比,这些卡车的生产成本降低了三分之一。 The population of India has increased to one billion印度的人口已经增加到了十亿。 in in all; at all; after all l all意为“总共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如: There are 25,000 Inuit in all(In all, there are 25,000 Inuit) 这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。 after all意为“毕竟”。表示“和预期相反”常放在句末;用来提醒不要忘记某个重要的结论或理由,一般放在句首。后者也可译为

106、“要记住,别忘了”。如: I thought he was going to help us, but he didnt after all 我以为他会帮助我们的,但他终究没有帮我们。 After all your birthday is only two weeks away 别忘了,再过两周就是你的生日了。 at all用在否定句或本身带不肯定意义的肯定句中,以加强语气,意为“根本;竟然”。如: I dont agree with you at all我根本不同意你的意见。 I was surprised at his coming at all 我很奇怪,他竟然来了。(本来我以为他不会来

107、的。) in the morning;on the morning ofl 按英语的习惯用法,in the morning(afternoonevening)表示“在早上(下午)晚上”之意,而on the morning(afternoonevening)of则表示“在某个具体的一天的早上(下午晚上)”之意,试比较: 1)He often reads English and Chinese in the morning 他常在早上朗读英语和语文。 2)At 513 on the morning of April 18th,1906,the city of San Francisco was s

108、haken by a terrible earthquake 1906年4月18日早晨5点13分,旧金山市发生了一次可怕的地震。 in the way; inl in the way 意为“挡道;妨碍(某人)”。如:a way; in no way; on the way Tell the boy not to stand in the way叫那个男孩别挡道碍事。 in a way 意为“用某种方法(做某事)”。名词way前面常有形容词或thisthat修饰。如: He worked out the problem in a simple way他用简单的方法算出了这道题。 In this

109、way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends 就这样一连过了好几天,艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。 注意:如果in a way单独使用,way前不加任何修饰语,意为“在某种程度上;在某些方面(某一点上)”。如: The article is well written in a in no way 意为“决不;一点也不”,常用来加强语气。如:way从某种程度上来说,这篇文章写得不错。 They are in no way similar to each other他们毫无相似之处。 on the way 意为“

110、在途中”,其后常接to,表示“在去某地或做某事的路上”。如: He lost his ticket on the way to the cinema他在去电影院的路上把票弄丢了。J justjust now 它们都有“刚”的意思,都与时间有关。l just表示“刚,刚刚”。多与完成时态连用。 如:Ive just borrowed a picturebook我刚借了一本图画书。 just now表示“刚才”,强调过去的动作,所以与一般过去时态连用。 如:She ate a big apple jus tnow她刚才吃了一个大苹果。K knockinto;knock into;knockl do

111、wn;knock atonknockinto意为“把插撞敲打入中”。如: Then they knocked a stick into the earth 然后他们把木棒插入泥土中。 knock into意为“撞在上”。into是介词,只能位于其宾语前。如: Look out!Dont knock into others 小心!别撞到别人身上。 knock down意为“撞倒、打倒”。down为副词,宾语是名词时,down可位于名词前或后宾语是人称代词时,down必须位于宾语后。如: The car knocked the house down(knocked down the house)小汽车把房子给撞倒了。 Be careful with the little treesDont knock them down 注意小树,不要把它们撞倒了。 knock aton意为轻轻而有节奏地“敲”。它常用来表示“敲门窗”等。如: Who is knocking at the door谁在敲门? Knock on the window pane; they may be in敲一下玻璃窗,他们或许在里面。

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