1、专题09 科学探索备战2023高考英语话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读+写作）（教师版）目录内容板块一话题词汇过关板块二话题短语表达过关板块三话题句型练笔板块四话题阅读训练板块五话题写作训练一：话题词汇过关1 scientist n科学家2 receive vt接受3 discovery n发现4 complete vt完成5 acquire vt获得6 knowledge n知识7 education n教育8 research n研究9 solution n解决10 statistics n统计数字11 universal adj普遍的12 achievement n成就13 equipment
2、 n设备14 download n& v下载15 equipment n设备16 condition n条件,状况17 effort n努力18 explore vt探索19 strength n优势20 determination n决心21 question vt质疑22 award vt获奖23 contribution n贡献24 inspire vt激励25 promising adj有希望的26 effective adj有效的27 successfully adv成功地28 cure vt治愈29 achieve vt取得成就30 excellent adj极好的,优秀的31 a
3、ttract vt吸引32 value n价值33 progress n进步34 fruit n成果35 accessible adj易接近的;可得到的36 advantage n优势;有利条件37 artificial adj人造的38 automatic adj自动的39 breakthrough n重大进展;突破40 function n作用;功能41 guarantee vt& n保证;担保42 intelligent adj智能的43 website n网站44 convenience n方便45 convenient adj方便的46 update v更新47 advanced a
4、dj先进的;高级的48 advantage n优势;优点;长处;有利条件49 expert n专家50 memory n回忆;记忆51 analyse v分析52 breakthrough n重大进展;突破53 software n软件54 industrial adj工业的55 Internet n互联网56 machine n机器57 material n材料;原料58 modern adj现代的59 invent vt发明;创造60 material n材料;原料61 mobile adj移动的62 modem n调制解调器63 patent n专利权;专利证书64 innovate v
5、t革新;创新65 potential adj潜在的;可能的66 technology n技术67 research n& v研究;调查68 system n体系;系统69 data n数据;资料二：话题短语表达过关1 stay on a bestseller list位居畅销书排行榜2 in human history在人类历史上3 increase chance of survival增加生存概率4 damage its effective part破坏它的有效成分5 draw on the wisdom of利用的智慧6 an effective medicine 一种有效的药物7 inc
6、rease the risk of items damage增加了物品损坏的危险8 come into the non-cash age进入非现金时代9 all kinds of mobile payments各类移动支付10 pay by scanning faces扫描人脸支付11 apply in many fields应用于许多领域12 catch the attention of引起的注意13 far from the truth远非事实14 go through ones body穿过某人的身体15 with great interest饶有兴趣16 Put at risk使置于危
7、险的境地17 scientific spirit科学精神18 switch ones major改变某人的专业19 rocket technology火箭技术20 space exploration centres空间探索中心21 missile programme导弹方案22 advanced technology先进技术23 make a breakthrough取得突破24 search engine(互联网上的)搜索引擎25 chat room聊天室26 identity card身份证27 chat online网上聊天28 look up information查阅信息29 wai
8、t in line排队30 surf the Internet上网31 join an online group加入网上小组32 apply for work online申请网上工作33 have access to the Internet能够上网34 build up relationships加强关系35 online communities网上社区36 artificial intelligence人工智能37 be faced with new opportunities and challenges面临新的机遇和挑战38 carry out scientific experime
9、nts开展科学实验39 have access to space travel能到太空旅游40 improve the quality of life for humans提高人类的生活质量41 in the field of science在科学领域42 information technology信息技术43 with the development of science and technology随着科技的发展三：话题句型练笔1：The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have su
10、fficient safety data因为他们没有充足的安全性数据,在病人身上进行试验有可能推迟。2：We can download software,documents,and images whenever we need them我们可以在任何需要的时候下载软件、文件和图片。3：She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet她受到网友的启发,决定
11、成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人们学习如何使用电脑和互联网。4：The main disadvantage of online shopping is that you cannot actually see the products you are buying or check their quality在线购物的主要缺点是你实际上看不到要购买的产品或检查其质量。5：Helping save peoples time to pay bills,online payment is carried out only with a mobile phone,so that you can ma
12、ke it anywhere you like为了帮助人们节省付账时间,在线支付仅通过移动电话便可进行,这样你就可以在你喜欢的任何地点进行支付。6：it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu屠呦呦直到二十世纪七十年代才成功发现青蒿素四：话题阅读训练（A）In the past few decades, great progress has been made in the field of space exploration, which has enabled mankind to have a
13、deeper understanding of the solar system, our place in it and in the universe. “We sent probes (探测仪) to every planet in the solar system. This is by far the best one，” said Clayton, vice president of Blue Origin. “Lets focus right now on protecting the Earth environment, and then well go from here.
14、Space science and technology should be peoplecentric and applicationcentric, and focus on improving human life. We need to have a strong footing on the Earth, learn to solve the daytoday problems of the society.”“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved b
15、y 2030 set by the United Nations. Satellite monitoring can really help with agriculture.” said Victoria, CEO of a company working on sustainable development. “Through Global Navigation Satellite System, animals movement information recorded on selfrecharging devices can be transmitted to the company
16、s server. Farmers can be alerted in real time if anomalies (反常现象) are detected. We can use it to ensure the traceability of the entire meat chain. As a result, it enables consumers to know that the beef they are eating does not come from protected areas or the cattle dont contribute to deforestation
17、.”As early as 2007, Michael Griffin, former Administrator of NASA, put forward the concept of the “space economy” in a speech. He is very optimistic about the market prospect of commercial space and said, “According to the latest data, the global space industry could reach $1 trillion in 2040, up fr
18、om $378 billion currently. I believe more business models and space activities will be created in the future to achieve the economic scale of $1 trillion.”As an entrepreneur(创业者) herself, Victoria thinks the thriving space market will bring countless opportunities for entrepreneurs. She mentioned fu
19、ture settlements on Mars or on the Moon. “If we are going to develop a new society outside the Earth, we will need all types of applications and all types of startups. But coming back to the Earth, there are so many problems that need to be solved, and space technology can really help with that.”1Wh
20、at does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 1 refer to?AA successful space exploration.BA probe sent to other planets.CThe planet people are living on now.DThe solar system people are exploring.2In Claytons opinion, what should be the first concern about space technology?AProviding more financia
21、l support.BImproving peoples life on Earth.CSending more probes into the universe.DThe development of related technology.3How does Victoria support her statement about satellite monitoring in Paragraph 2?ABy making reasoning.BBy providing accurate figures.CBy making comparison.DBy illustrating it fr
22、om different aspects.4What does the text mainly talk about?AThe necessity of space exploration.BBreakthroughs in space exploration.CThe possible application of space technology.DControversial issues about space technology.参考答案：航天技术引导人们关注地球环境，帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标；通过全球导航卫星系统该技术可促进农业生产；未来会有更多
23、的商业模式和太空活动，以实现万亿美元的太空经济规模。1答案与解析：C考查理解词汇的能力。根据第一段中的“We sent probes（探测仪）to every planet in the solar system”可知，我们向太阳系的每一颗行星都发送了探测仪。根据该段中的“Lets focus right now on protecting the Earth environment”可知，此处是说地球是迄今为止最好的一个，即this指代的是人们所居住的行星，故C项正确。2答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段Clayton所说的话中的“Space science and techn
24、ology should be peoplecentric and applicationcentric, and focus on improving human life”可知，Clayton认为，太空科学技术要坚持以人为本、以应用为中心，以改善人类生活为中心。故B项正确。3答案与解析：D考查理解文章结构的能力。根据第二段第二句“Satellite monitoring can really help with agriculture”可知，Victoria认为，卫星监测真的可以帮助农业。通过该段下文可知，通过全球导航卫星系统，记录在自动充电设备上的动物运动信息可以被传输到公司的服务器上。
25、如果发现异常情况，农民可以得到实时警报。我们可以用它来追踪整条肉类链的情况。因此，它使消费者知道他们吃的牛肉不是来自保护地区，或者牛没有导致滥伐森林。据此可知，Victoria从不同方面证明了自己所说的论点，故D项正确。4答案与解析：C考查文章主旨要义的能力。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了航天技术的应用：帮助实现联合国设定的可持续发展目标；通过全球导航卫星系统帮助农业生产；未来会有更多的商业模式和太空活动，以实现万亿美元的太空经济规模。故C项正确。（B） Robotic surgery is one thing, but sending a robot inside the body to ca
26、rry out an operation quite another, which has long been a goal of some researchers to produce tiny robotic devices being capable of traveling through the body to deliver drugs or to make repairs without the need for a single cut, the possibility of which has just got a bit closer.However, unlike the
27、 plot of one filmwhich featured a microscopic crew and submarine traveling through a scientists bloodstream this device could not be inserted into blood vessels（管）because it is too big. While other types of miniature swallowable robots have been developed in the past, their role has mostly been limi
28、ted to capturing images inside the body. In a presentation this week to the International Conference, Daniela Rus and Shuhei Miyashita of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology described a robot they have developed that can be swallowed and used to collect dangerous objects accidentally taken in.
29、To test their latest version, Dr Rus and Dr Miyashita designed a robot as a battery hunter, which might seem to be an odd task, but more than 3,500 people in America alone, most of them children, swallow the tiny button cells used in small electronic devices by accident every year. To start with, th
30、e researchers created an artificial esophagus（食道）and stomach made out of silicone(硅胶). It was closely modeled on that found in a pig and filled with medical liquid; the robot itself is made from several layers of different materials, including pig intestine（肠）, and contains a little magnet. This is
31、folded up and encased in a 10mm27mm capsule of ice. Once this reaches the stomach the ice melts and the robot unfolds which is moved and guided with the use of a magnetic field outside the body. In their tests, the robot was able to touch a button battery and draw it with its own magnet, and during
32、dragging it along, the robot could then be directed towards the intestines where it would eventually be gotten rid of through the anus(肛门). After it, the researchers sent in another robot loaded with medication to deliver it to the site of the battery burn to speed up healing.The artificial stomach
33、being transparent on one side, the researchers were able to see the batteries and visually control the robots. If not, that will require help with the help from imaging system, which will be a bit more of a challenge, but Dr Rus and Dr Miyashita are determined to succeed.1According to the passage, t
34、he robot operation will probably be able to_.Atravel through a scientists bloodstreamBenter the body to deliver drugs or make repairsCphotograph the body to convey to the doctorDoperate on a person outside the body completely2We learn from Paragraph 3 that _.Athe researchers did the experiment on a
35、chosen animalBthe actual size of the robot may be larger than the capsule of iceCdigesting the swallowed batteries is difficult for childrenDthe robot took necessary drugs besides a little magnet3What may the experiment mean to the medical world?AFewer children will swallow the button cells.BA robot
36、 will be invented travelling blood vessels.CThe surgeries will cost patients much money.DPatients will suffer less for some surgeries.4Which can be the most suitable title for the passage?AThe Fantastic Robotic VoyageBThe Exploration of Robot TechnologyCTiny Robot, Significant RoleDAn Experiment on
37、Robot参考答案：本文是一篇说明文。主要向读者介绍了一种微型机器人，可以负载药物在人体内进行治疗。并对其原理工作的实施操作进行了说明。1细节理解题。根据文章第一段“tiny robotic devices being capable of traveling through the body to deliver drugs or to make repairs without the need for a single cut(微型机器人装置，这种装置能够穿过身体运送药物或进行修复，而无需一次切割)”可知，机器人可能会在治疗过程中携带药物进入人体，或对其进行修复。故选B项。2主旨大意题。根
38、据文章第三段“the robot itself is made from several layers of different materials, including pig intestine（肠）, and contains a little magnet. This is folded up and encased in a 10mm27mm capsule of ice.(机器人本身是由几层不同的材料制成的，包括猪肠(肠）, 还有一块小磁铁。这是折叠起来，并封装在一个10毫米27毫米的冰胶囊)”可知，机器人是被折叠放入冰囊的，但它的实际体积可能比冰囊大。故选B项。3细节理解题。根据
39、文章第一段“tiny robotic devices being capable of traveling through the body to deliver drugs or to make repairs without the need for a single cut(微型机器人装置，这种装置能够穿过身体运送药物或进行修复，而无需一次切割)”可知，机器人减少了手术带来的痛苦。故选D项。4主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“tiny robotic devices being capable of traveling through the body to deliver drugs or
40、to make repairs without the need for a single cut(微型机器人装置，这种装置能够穿过身体运送药物或进行修复，而无需一次切割)”可知，本文主要介绍了一种微型机器人，可以负载药物在人体内进行治疗。故A项“奇妙的机器人之旅”为最佳标题。故选A项。（C） A 2020 study by Balbix found that 99% of the people surveyed reused their passwords between work accounts or between work and personal accounts. 1 For e
41、xample, a 2019 study by Google found that 59% of the people they surveyed used a name or a birthday in their password. And 24% admitted using a password like one of these below: 1234, 12345, 123456, etc. 2 Since both personal and work accounts are accessible from the same device with the same passwo
42、rd, it simplifies the work a bad actor has to do in order to breach (攻入) your systems. 3 The NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Password Guidelines are widely regarded as the international standard for password best practices. Following these guidelinesand insisting your employees
43、 do the samewill help protect you against threats from weak or stolen passwords. Password managers can simplify the work required for your employees to follow these guidelines. Its more secure to require your employees to use more than one authentication (身份验证) factor to access mobile company applic
44、ations. 4 Theyd need to check on their identity with additional authentication factors in order to log in. Finally, you can also perform passwordless authentication. 5 For example, in the event that a mobile device is stolen or accessed illegally, requiring a facial scan (扫描) or a finger scan as a p
45、rimary or secondary authentication factor could still prevent unauthorized access.A. Passwords are commonly shared in the workplace.B. It will help you to root out password risks altogether.C. Many employees still create weak and simple passwords.D. These bad password habits present a threat to orga
46、nizations.E. That helps reduce the risk that a bad actor gains access to your systems.F. Unfortunately, the passwords that employees are reusing are often weak.G. However, thats not to say there is no way to reduce or uproot password threats.参考答案：本文是说明文。主要讲述一些可以帮助人们降低密码风险的方法。【1题详解】根据第一段“A 2020 study
47、 by Balbix found that 99% of the people surveyed reused their passwords between work accounts or between work and personal accounts.”（Balbix在2020年进行的一项研究发现，99%的受调查者在工作账户或工作账户与个人账户之间重复使用密码。）可知，人们喜欢重复使用密码；第二段“For example”（例如）可知，第二段是在给这句话解释。而第二段“Since both personal and work accounts are accessible from
48、 the same device with the same password, it simplifies the work a bad actor has to do in order to breach your systems.”（由于个人和工作账户都可以使用相同的密码从同一台设备访问，它简化了坏人攻入你的系统的工作。）可知，这是在解释重复使用的密码会比较弱。F选项“不幸的是，员工重复使用的密码往往很弱。”与其意思一致。故选F。【2题详解】根据上文“59% of the people they surveyed used a name or a birthday in their pa
49、ssword. And 24% admitted using a password like one of these below: 1234, 12345, 123456, etc.”（百分之59的人用名字或者生日做密码。百分之24的人承认用1234, 12345, 123456等做密码。）可知，这是比较弱的密码设置，和D选项“These bad password habits”上下文一致，D选项“这些不好的密码习惯对组织构成了威胁。” 切题。故选D。【3题详解】根据下文“The NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Pa
50、ssword Guidelines are widely regarded as the international standard for password best practices. Following these guidelinesand insisting your employees do the samewill help protect you against threats from weak or stolen passwords. ”（NIST（国家标准与技术研究所）密码指南被广泛视为密码最佳实践的国际标准。遵循这些指导原则并坚持让您的员工也这样做，将有助于保护您免
51、受弱密码或被盗密码的威胁。）可知，这一段是要讲述解决密码弱的问题。G选项“然而，这不是说就没有办法减少或根除密码威胁。” 和下文意思一致。故选G。【4题详解】根据上文“Its more secure to require your employees to use more than one authentication factor to access mobile company applications.”（要求你的员工们不仅仅用身份验证访问移动公司的应用程序。）可知，此处讲减少或根除密码威胁的方法，E选项“这会帮助减少坏人获取你的系统路径的风险。”故选E。【5题详解】根据上文“Fina
52、lly, you can also perform password less authentication.”（最后，你也可以执行无密码认证。）可知，此处讲减少或根除密码威胁的最后一种方法，B选项“这可以帮助你根除密码风险。”是这种方法所带来的好处。故选B。五：话题写作训练（A）校英文报Englishsky正在举办中国航空航天成就英文征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.介绍成就；2.分享感受。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。参考文章Aerospace Achievements of ChinaIn the last decade, China
53、has made great achievements in space programs. What impressed me most was the real-time interactive scientific lectures conducted on Shenzhou 13 spacecraft last year, which were brought live to thousands of teachers and students on the ground.The event has spurred great interest in space science amo
54、ng middle school students nationwide. Flying is the dream of everyone. I believe, with innovative ideas and perseverance, we human beings will be able to fly further and further not only from the Earth to the Moon, but to the Mars and beyond.（B）假定你是李华，作为交换生在英国某中学就读。你很想参加Bolton教授的团队组织的2021年人工智能大会（AI
55、Conference 2021）。请你给Bolton 教授写一封信，内容包括：1.写信目的；2.询问参会要求；3.想参会的原因。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Prof. Bolton,Im Li Hua, an exchange student from China, who is studying in London this term. Knowing that the AI Conference 2021 will be held just around the corner, I am writing to apply for a chance
56、 to take part in the meeting.Could you please inform me of some details concerning to the conference? To begin with, I wonder whether I need any experience before. In addition, I would like to know if there is an age restriction.The reasons why I want to attend the meeting are as follows. First of a
57、ll, I have had a preference for AI since I was young. It is my dream to become an AI engineer. Whats more, as scheduled, I will major in AI science when I am in university, and it is a good way to broaden my horizon.Hopefully, you can give me the opportunity. Expect to hear from you as soon as possible. Yours, Li Hua