1、山东省莱西市2015高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习（6）及答案阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Decision- making under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequ
2、ences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn, ”says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress. ”For example, two recent studies looked at how peop
3、le learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In bot
4、h cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stre
5、ssat those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.The research also found tha
6、t stress appears to affect decision- making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold- water task tended to take more risks in the exper
7、iment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk- taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women
8、are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.1. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to.A. keep rewards better in their memory B. recall consequences more effortlesslyC. make risky decis
9、ions more frequently D. learn a subject more effectively2. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their.A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions3. The research has proved that in a stressful situation,.A. wom
10、en find it easier to fall into certain habitsB. men have a greater tendency to slow downC. women focus more on outcomesD. men are more likely to take risks【参考答案】13、AADPassage Twenty-one (The Result of the Falling US Dollar) Like a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Ja
11、pan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good becomes cheaper. U.S. companies then sell more at home and abroad, a
12、nd U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved. Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroadespecially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is impr
13、oving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more competitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented U.S. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in i
14、nterest rates, the stock market rally could stall. Improving U.S. competitiveness means a decline in anothers competitiveness. Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japan
15、ese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy. Could the falling dollar get out of hand? If the dollar falls too far, investors might lose confidence in U.S. investmentsespec
16、ially the government bond market. The money to finance the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. Inflation could flare up, too, since Japanese and German manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikesand U.S. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. Th
17、e U.S. federal Reserve then might need to step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. And higher interest rates could cause the U.S. economy to slow down and end the Wall Street Rally.Worried about these side effects, Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcher has said the dollar has fall
18、en far enough. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. It all depends on when the U.S. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from U.S. Treasury Bonds. “It requires a good deal of political patience on the part of the U.S. Congress,” says Dr. Cline, “An
19、d there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors. The chance are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.”1. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The impression of the falling U.S. dollar. The result of the U.S. falling dollar.C. The side effect o
20、f U.S. falling dollar.D. Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar.2. What does the word “rally” mean.A. prosperity. . decline. C. richness. D. import.3. Why are Japan and West Germany worried about the falling dollar?A. Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their coun
21、tries. Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks.C. Because it may do damage to their trade.D. Because it may make Japanese company less competitive.4. If dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what would happen?A. The prosperity of the U.S. economy
22、 would disappear. The U.S. economy might face serious problems.C. Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments.D.Inflation could flare up.Vocabulary1. ticking 滴答作响的2. grab 抓住3. abate 减弱4. snap up 争购，抢购5. heavy buying 大量买进6. export-oriented 以出口为方向的7. in anticipation of 期待，预期8. faddish 一时流行的9.
23、spree 无节制的疯狂行为10. buying spree 狂购乱买11. plummet 垂直落下，骤然跌落，暴跌12. stall 停滞13. verge 处于边缘14. verging on recession 正处于衰退的边缘15. boost 振兴，吹捧16. bond market 债券市场17. flare up 突然闪耀，发火，爆发18. hike 提高，增加19. follow suit 照着做，跟出同花色的牌20. profit margin 利润幅度21. step in 介入22. rally 繁荣23. equilibrium 平衡，均势24. defect 逃跑，
24、开小差25. break or panic 崩溃或大恐慌难句译注1. cries for trade protection 贸易保护的呼声2. the global free-trade system 全球自由贸易体系3. that is a rather faddish notion right now 只是一时流行的概念4. get out of hand 失控5. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. 什么是平衡水平？可能是接近现在水平或者稍低一些。6. trade defi
25、cit 贸易赤字，贸易逆差。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇论述“美元下跌的后果”的文章，采用对比，顺序，因果等写作。先提出问题：美元下跌，美国得利有二：一是（第一段）商品便宜，销售量大，赤字下降，全球自由贸易体系保住。二是（第二段）外国投资者会抢购美国股票。总之，美国竞争力加强。这两段中都有对比。第一段美国和日本的对比，开头“就像滴答作响的定时炸弹，日见下跌的美元抓住了日本和西德的注意力，迫使他们考虑采取美国提出的经济政策。“第二段是美国本身之利弊对比。“许多外国投资者抢购出口导向的美国股票，期望在下一年左右的时间里得到较多的利润。如果公司收益在今后几个季度里令人失望的话，这种买进古片的狂热行为就
26、可能消失。最后，如果美元价格直线下跌导致利率上升，股票市场价格回升就会停顿。“ 后面两段是这两段负效应的进一步论证。答案祥解1. B. 美元下跌的结果。全篇文章都讲的美元下跌的后果。A. 美元下跌的印象。 C. 美元下跌的副作用，均不对。 因为还讲述了有利的一面。 D. 日本的、西德担忧美元下跌，这只是其中的部分内容。2. A. 繁荣。第五段“美元下跌是否会失控：如果美元下跌过多，投资者可能会失去对美国投资的信心，特别是对美国的债务市场。对联邦政府预算和贸易赤字提供的资金可能移向其它市场，因为日本和西德厂商最终会将上涨的价格转嫁出去，美国公司也可能这么做，以提高其市场利润幅度，从而使通货膨胀再
27、次爆发。美国联邦储备委员会这时可能需要介入，提高利率来稳定美元。而较高利率会导致美国经济减慢，华尔街的繁荣行将结束。”B. 衰退。 C. 富有。 D. 出口，都不是rally之含义。3. C. 因为下跌对他们贸易有损害。第三段“改善美国竞争力意味着其他国家的竞争力下降。”第四段，“日本和西德正濒于经济衰退的边缘。其出口导向的经济正在面临严重问题。日本担心由于日元坚挺而给其贸易带来损害，西德也在发愁。上个星期，法兰克福股市价格暴跌。据说，波恩已在考虑降低利率以振兴其经济。A. 美元下跌会使他们国家通货膨胀。没有正式提到, 内涵只是贸易带来的其他具体问题。 B. 它可能迫使他们卖掉许多美国股票。
28、D. 这可能使日本竞争力下降。问题是提出两国，不单单是日本。4. A. 美国经济繁荣消失，见第2题答案A的注释。B. 美国经济可能面临严重问题。太笼统。 C. 投资者可能对在美国投资失去信心。这不是美国联邦储备委员会介入后发生之事。 D. 通货膨胀全面爆发。这也是介入之后果。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。OPENING TIMES:20 Mar to 19 OctMon to Sat: 9:00am to 5:00pmSun:9:30am to 5:00pm20 Oct to 19MarMon to Sat:9:30am to 4:00pmSun
29、:10:00am to 4:00pm Shakespeares Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeares World Welcome to the world-famous house where William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and where he grew up. The property(房产)remained in the ownership ofShakespeares family until 1806.The House has welcomed visitors traveling from
30、 all over the word ,for over 250 years. Enter though the Visitors Centre and see the highly-praised exhibition Shakespeares World, a lively and full introduction to the life and work of Shakespeare. Stand in the rooms-where Shakespeare grew up. Discover examples of furniture and needle work from Sha
31、kespeares period. Enjoy the traditional(传统的)English garden, planted with trees and flowers mentioned in the poets works.The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes walk). The House may present difficulties but the Visitors
32、 Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可进入的)to wheelchair user. The Shakespeare Coffee House (opposite the Birthplace).ADMISSION:Adult 4.90Child 2.20Family 12.0(2 adults +up to 3 children)( ) 1. How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children?A. 9.80 B.12.00
33、C.14.20 D.16.40( ) 2. Where is the nearest parking place to Shakespeares Birthplace?A. Behind the exhibition hall.B. Opposite the Visitors Centre.C. At Windsor street.D. Near the Coffee House.( ) 3. A wheelchair user may need help to enter .A. the House B the garden C. the Visitors Centre D. the exh
34、ibition hallA篇1.选B。根据第二个表格中Family 12.0 （2 adults + up to 3 children)，即是一家人（2个成年人+至多3个小孩）需要12.0。2.选C。根据第二个表格右边第一段最后几个单词nearest is Windsor Street (3 minutes walk).3.选A。根据第二个表格右边第二段The House may present difficulties but the Visitors Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可进入的) to wheelch
35、air user.“对于轮椅使用者来说，可能进入房子有些困难，但是游客中心，展览厅还有花园都可以进入。”阅读理解EDGEWOODEvery morning at Dixie Heights High school, customers pour into a special experiment :the districts first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs.Well before classes start, students and teachers order Lattes, Capp
36、uccinos and Hot Chocolates. Then, during the first period, teachers call in orders on their room phones, and students make deliveries.By closing time at 9.20 a.m. , the shop usually sells 90drinks.“whoever made the chi tea, Ms. Schwartzman says it was good, ”Christy McKinley , a second year student
37、, announced recently, after hanging up with the teacher.The shop is called the Dixie PIT, which stands for Power in Transition. Although some of the students are not disabled, many are, and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school. They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also h
38、ow to deal with their affairs. They keep a timecard and receive paychecks, which they keep in check registers.Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia.Not that it was easy. Chevaliers first prob
39、lem to overcome was product-related. Should schools be selling coffee? What about sugar content?Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped. She made sure all the drinks, which use non-fat milk, fell within nutrition（营养）guidelines.The whole school has joined in to help.Teachers agreed to
40、give up their lounge(休息室)in the morning. Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall. Business students designed the paychecks. The basketball team helped pay for cups. ( ) 1.What is the text mainly about？ A. A best-selling coffee. B. A special educational program. C. Government support fo
41、r schools. D. A new type of teacher-student relationship.( ) 2.The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to . A. raise money for school affairs B. do some research on nutrition C. develop students practical skills D. supply teachers with drinks( ) 3.How did Christy McKinley know Ms. Schwartzmans
42、 opinion of the chi tea？ A. She met her in the shop. B. She heard her telling others. C. She talked to her on the phone. D .She went to her office to deliver the tea.( ) 4.We know from the text that Ginger Gray . A. manages the Dixie PIT program in Kenton County B. sees that the drinks meet health s
43、tandards C. teaches at Dixie Heights High School D. owns the schools coffee shopB篇1.选B。考查文章主题大意。主要看首段customers pour into a special experiment: the districts first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs和第五段最后the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.文章主要讲的是一个特殊的教育项目。2.选C。第五和第六段说明这个教育项目是为学生走出社会做准备的，所以主要是锻炼学生的实际动手能力。3.选C。第四段，考查hang up的意思“挂电话”。4.选B。倒数第三段。
