1、返回目录 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Module 5 返回目录 单元话题链接张仲景，东汉末年著名医学家，被后人尊称为医圣。张仲景广泛收集医方，写出了传世巨著伤寒杂病论。现在就让我们来了解一下张仲景的有关情况吧。Zhang Zhongjing(AD 150219)was a well-known doctor of traditional Chinese medicine during the Eastern Han Dynasty.His masterpiece,treatise on Cold Pathogenic
2、and MiscellaneousDiseases(伤寒杂病论),is the oldest clinical textbook in the history of medicine.返回目录 Zhang Zhongjing spent a lot of time studying from his childhood.Before the age of 10,he had read lots of medical books.His master，Zhang Bozu,was also a renowned doctor of traditional Chinese medicine at
3、the time.After years of hard work，Zhang Zhongjing wrote all 16 volumes of ColdPathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases,which is a medical masterpiece based on his personal clinical practice and large amounts of information he collected.This book has laid a sound foundation for future development of med
4、icine.返回目录 Once,when Zhang Zhongjing travelled to Luoyang for work,he met Wang Can,one of the“Seven Scholars of Jianan”in the history of Chinese literature and found a disease hiding in his body.He then said to Wang Can，“You are sick and should be treated as early as possible,otherwise your eyebrows
5、 will fall off at the age of 40 and you will die.Now,if you start taking a medicine given by me,you will survive.”Wang Can did not believe Zhang Zhongjings words.Twenty years later,his eyebrows began to fall off slowly and after half a year,he died.返回目录 It is said that when Zhang Zhongjing took offi
6、ce at the age of 50 in Changsha as a government official,he always kept his clinical practice in mind and tried to help people whenever he could.He set aside two days every month(the first day and the fifteenth day)to see patients.Dumplings,a traditional favorite of Chinese people,are believed to ha
7、ve been first used by Zhang Zhongjing in treating people suffering from frostbite(冻疮)and hunger.Zhang Zhongjing was not only an outstanding doctor of traditional Chinese medicine,he was also honest and kind-hearted.He saved countless lives by carefully treating each patient,no matter who they were.返
8、回目录 阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。1Zhang Zhongjing did not like studying when he was a child.()2Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases was based on the clinical practice of Zhang Zhongjing and his master.()3Wang Can might not have died that early if he had followed Zhang Zhongjings advice.()FTF返回目录 4Zhang Zho
9、ngjing still tried his best to help people after he took office at the age of 50.()5Zhang Zhongjing used dumplings to treat people suffering from frostbite and hunger.()TT返回目录 Section Reading(Introduction&Reading and Speaking)返回目录 课前教材预案课堂深度拓展课末随堂演练目录Contents 返回目录 课前教材预案知识清单.重点单词基础词汇1_ n哲学家2_ n.(常作复
10、数)教导；学说3_ n.思想家4_ n.原则；准则5_ n.职位philosopher teaching thinker principle position 返回目录 6_ vt.强调 n.压力；重视，强调7_ vi.辞职8_ n.仁爱；爱，关爱stress resign love 返回目录 拓展词汇1_ adj.平等的_ adv.平等地_ n平等2_ n重要，重要性_ adj.重要的3_ n善良_ adj.善良的4_ n秩序_ adj.有秩序的；整齐的5_ adj.有影响的_ v&n影响equal equally equality importance important kindness
11、 kind order orderly influential influence 返回目录.重点短语1_照顾，照料；关心2_与交战3_养育，抚养4_接受/采纳某人的建议5_信任，信奉6_因而出名7_在某些方面8_与相似9_因此，结果look after be at war with bring up follow ones advice believe in become famous for in some ways be similar to as a result 返回目录.重点句型1the way 作先行词的定语从句Treat others in the way _.己所不欲，勿施于
12、人。2It is/was a time when 那是一个的时期But it was also a time _ there were many great philosophers.但那也是一个产生了许多伟大的哲学家的时期。you want to be treated when 返回目录 3现在分词短语作伴随状语For many years he travelled from state to state,_(teach)the principles of Confucius.许多年来，他周游列国，传授孔子的思想。4the reason whyis that 意为“的原因是”Mencius
13、believed that the reason _ man is different from animals is _ man is good.孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。teaching why that 返回目录 5if 引导的虚拟条件句He taught that if the government was kind,then people _(be)good.他教导说如果政府施行仁政，人民就会向善。would be 返回目录 课文助读原 文Philosophers of Ancient ChinaAncient China was a place where st
14、ates were often at war witheach other.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Confucius(551 BC479 BC)is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.He stressed the importance of kindness,duty and order in society.Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more
15、 than 2,000 years.返回目录 Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.Mencius was born in 372 BC.His father died when he was young,and he was brought up by his mother.He became a student of Confuciuss ideas,and was then given an important position in the government of
16、a state.However,when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice，he resigned.For many years he travelled from state to state,teaching the principles of Confucius.He then became an adviser to another ruler.He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of返回目录 Mencius
17、.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.He taught that if the government was kind,then people would be good.He believed that people were more important than rulers,and hated the state when it treated people badly.返回目录 Mozi was another teacher who was v
18、ery influential.Born in 476 BC,he came from a family which was very poor.He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.In some ways21，his beliefs22 were similar to those of Confucius.For example,he considered that government was most important.As a
19、result,he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.Mozi believed that all men were equal.His idea of love23 was different from the 返回目录 Confucian idea of kindness.Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after24 those who are weaker than oursel
20、ves.He hated the idea of war.Mozi died in 390 BC.返回目录 注 解be at war with“与交战”，表示处于战争的状态。where states were often at war with each other 是where 引导的定语从句，修饰 a place,where 在从句中作地点状语。a time 一个时期，一段时间when there were many great philosophers 是 when 引导的定语从句，修饰 a time,when 在从句中作时间状语。返回目录 whose influence has bee
21、n the greatest 是 whose 引导的定语从句，whose 在从句中作定语。该定语从句使用了现在完成时态。stress vt.强调order n秩序be similar to 与相似(to 为介词)those 为替代词，替代前面出现的 teachings,相当于the teachings。bring up 养育；抚养was brought up 为被动语态结构返回目录 position n职位follow ones advicetake ones advice 接受/采纳某人的建议resign vt.辞职现在分词短语 teaching 作伴随状语。principle n原则；准则
22、adviser n顾问He spentpreparing 中含有 spend time(in)doing sth 结构；过去分词短语 called The Book of Mencius 作后置定语，修饰 a book。返回目录 influential adj.有影响的found v创立；建立foundfoundedfounded过去分词短语 called Mohism 作后置定语。21 in some ways 在某些方面22 belief n信念；相信动词形式是 believe;反义词为 disbelief。23 love n仁爱24 look after 照顾；照料返回目录 译 文古代中
23、国的哲学家古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。但那也是一个产生了众多伟大哲学家的时期。孔子(公元前 551 年公元前 479 年)是影响最大的哲学家。他强调仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受这些思想的影响长达 2 000 多年。返回目录 孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。孟子生于公元前 372 年。他幼年丧父，他母亲把他抚养成人。他成为儒家弟子，后来在一个诸侯国的政府内居要职。然而，当他看到统治者不采纳他的建议时，就辞去了官职。他周游列国多年，传授孔子的思想，后来成了另一位统治者的谋士。他把余生都用来准备写一本关于他学说的书，名为孟子。孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本
24、善。他告诫人们，假若政府仁慈，人民就会有善行。他认为民贵君轻，憎恨对人民残暴的诸侯国。返回目录 墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。他生于公元前 476年，出身贫寒。他因不修边幅、行为怪异而闻名。墨子创立了被称为“墨家学说”的哲学理论。他的学说在某些方面和孔子的学说相似。例如，他认为政府是最重要的。因此，他花了许多年的时间试图寻找一个人们愿意遵从他思想的国家。墨子认为，众生平等。他的仁爱思想与孔子的仁爱思想不同。墨子告诫人们要兼爱，要照顾弱者。他憎恨那种战争的观点。墨子于公元前 390 年去世。返回目录 课文理解.Read the text carefully and choose the best
25、 answer.1Who had the greatest influence on Chinese society?AMencius.BMozi.CConfucius.DZhuangzi.答案 C2Confucius stressed the importance of the following aspects EXCEPT_.Akindness Bfriendship Corder Dduty答案 B返回目录 3“If the government was kind,then people would be good.”is the teaching of _.AMencius BCon
26、fuciusCMozi DXunzi 答案 A4Menciuss teachings were very similar to those of _.AConfucius BXunziCZhuangzi DMozi 答案 A返回目录 5Which shows Mozis belief was similar to that ofConfucius?AWe should love all human beings.BThe government shouldnt treat people badly.CWe should look after those who are weaker than
27、ourselves.DThe government is most important.答案 D返回目录.Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.句式分析 返回目录 自主翻译_孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。返回目录 2He believed that people were more important than rulers,and h
28、ated the state when it treated people badly.句式分析 本句是并列句。and 连接 believed 和hated 两个谓语，前一分句是 that 引导的宾语从句，后一分句含有 when 引导的时间状语从句。自主翻译_他认为民贵君轻，憎恨对人民残暴的诸侯国。返回目录 课堂深度拓展词汇点击equal adj.平等的 vt.等于；比得上n同等的人或物equally adv.相等地；平等地equality n平等1(教材 P41)All human beings are equal.众生平等。返回目录 be equal to sth/doing sth能胜任
29、某事；与相等equal sb in sth 在某方面比得上某人返回目录 The happiness you feel is equal to the love you give.你感受到的幸福与你付出的爱相等。Two plus two is equal _ four.2 加 2 等于 4。Anyone,whether he is an official or a bus driver,should be _(equal)respected.任何人，不管是官员还是公交车司机，都应该平等地受到尊敬。The new law provided for _(equal)of human rights.新
30、法律规定人人有平等的权利。to equally equality 返回目录 be at war with 与交战2(教材 P43)Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。declare war on对宣战返回目录 France was then at war with Austria and Prussia.那时法国正同奥地利和普鲁士交战。I was in Japan when war was declared _ the country.对那个国家宣战时
31、我在日本。During the Second World War,Germany was _ almost all the countries in the world.二战期间，德国几乎同世界上所有的国家都处于交战状态。on at war with 返回目录【提示】“be at不带冠词的名词”可表示“从事某工作”或“处于某种状态”。如：(1)at work 在工作(2)at school 在上学(3)at home 在家(4)at lunch 在吃午饭(5)at peace 处于和平状态(6)at rest 在休息返回目录 stress vt.强调 n压力；重视，强调3(教材 P43)He
32、stressed the importance of kindness,duty and order in society.他强调仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。stress the importance of强调的重要性put/lay/place stress on/upon stress sth把重点放在上；强调，重视under the stress of在的压力下返回目录 The official stressed the importance of good sanitation for public health.这位官员强调了良好的卫生条件对公众健康的重要性。When I was a
33、 child,Mother put great stress _ my proper behaviour.我小时候，母亲特别强调我要行为端正。Some young people couldnt bear up _ the stress of the modern life.有些年轻人在现代生活的压力下快支撑不住了。on/upon under 返回目录 order n秩序；顺序；命令；订单 vt.命令；订购；点菜4(1)in order有序地；整齐地out of order 发生故障；次序颠倒in order to为了place an order for sth with sb 向某人订购某物(
34、2)order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事(3)order that 命令从句谓语动词为(should)动词原形的虚拟语气形式返回目录 The machine is in good working order.机器运转良好。The phone is _ of order.电话坏了。I would like place _ order for 20 copies of this book.这本书我想订购 20 册。The general ordered that the captain _(sentence)to death.将军命令将那个上尉处以死刑。out an(should)
35、be sentenced 返回目录 bring up 养育，抚养；提出；呕吐5(教材 P43)Mencius was born in 372 BC.His father died when he was young,and he was brought up by his mother.孟子生于公元前 372 年。他幼年丧父，他母亲把他抚养成人。写出下列句中 bring up 的含义She brought up five children._Bring it up at the meeting tomorrow._David was so drunk that he brought up hi
36、s lunch._抚养提出呕吐返回目录 bring about引起；导致bring back 使想起bring down 降低；减少bring in 引进；赚得，挣得bring out 出版；阐明；使表现出返回目录 What brought _ the change in his attitude?是什么让他改变了态度？We are going to bring _ prices on all our cars.我们将降低我们所有汽车的价格。We have to bring _ more new business.我们不得不引进更多的新业务。A crisis brings _ the best
37、 in her.危机使她表现得特别出色。about down in out 返回目录 句型解读It is/was a time when 那是一个的时期1 But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.但那也是一个产生众多伟大哲学家的时期。点拨：It is/was a time when“那是一个的时期”，when 引导定语从句。返回目录 It was a time when volunteers from all over the world visited this nursing home regularly
38、.这是一个全世界的志愿者都定期来这个敬老院的时代。关于 time 的短语和句型还有以下几种：(1)Its time for sb to do sth 及 It is(about/high)timethat 从句，表示“该做某事了”。其中 that 从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”或用动词的过去时。返回目录 Its five oclock.It is high time that I went home now.Its five oclock.It is high time _ home now.五点了。我该回家了。(2)This/It is the first/secon
39、d/last time that 从句表示“这是第次做某事”。其中，that 引导定语从句，在口语中常省略。This is the first time that Ive visited your hometown.这是我第一次参观你的家乡。that I should go 返回目录(3)by the time“到时”，句子常用过去完成时或将来完成时。By the time he returned home,the rain _(stop)等他回到家时，雨已经停了。By the time I graduate next year,I _(live)here for 5 years.到明年毕业时
40、，我就在这里待了五年了。had stopped will have lived 返回目录(4)each time/every time/last time/next time作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次/上次/下次”。Each/Every time I wash the car,it always rains.每次我洗车，天总是下雨。返回目录 the reason whyis that 意为“的原因是”2 Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子认为
41、，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。点拨：(1)the reason whyis that为固定句型，意为“的原因是”；why man is different from animals 是 why 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 reason，其中 why 也可以用 for which 替换；that man is good 是 that 引导的表语从句。返回目录 The reason why/for which his parents were disappointed was that he failed in the exam.他父母失望的原因是他没有通过考试。_ she doesnt
42、like me _ I make her nervous.她不喜欢我的原因是我让她紧张。(2)在定语从句中，如果 reason 在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语，用 which/that 引导，作宾语时常省略。I dont believe the reason(which/that)he has given us for his being late.我不相信他给我们的迟到的理由。The reason why is that 返回目录(3)如果 reason 在定语从句中作状语，用 why/for which引导。That is the reason _ I asked you.那是我询问你的理由
43、。why/for which 返回目录 课末随堂演练.单词拼写1Tom was not pleased with his boss and planned to _(辞职).2Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in _(秩序).3As a fighter,she called for _(平等的)rights between men and women.resign order equal 返回目录 4Being hard-working is of the highest _(重要性)to becoming succe
44、ssful.5Now that the _(压力)of examination is over,we can all relax.6As is known to all,Lu Xun was famous as a great _(思想家)7Tom had to give up his _(职位)in the company.8He is the sort of man to be trusted because he always lives up to his _(原则)importance stress thinker position principles 返回目录.选词填空look
45、after,be at war with,bring up,follow ones advice,believe in,be similar to,in some ways,as a result 1 I tried to persuade Rose,but she didnt _.2This house _ that house in size.3All these people _ me not because they know me but because the success I had.4At that time,his country _ Japan,so hearing fr
46、om him was very difficult.follow my advice is similar to believe in was at war with 返回目录 5You are a successful businessman _.6It rained heavily yesterday._，he didnt turn up at the meeting.7 When he awoke,he found himself being _ by an old woman.8His parents died in an earthquake when he was young,so he was _ by his grandmother.in some ways As a result looked after brought up