1、Unit 23 单元主题语篇训练 （课时作业一）ABusiness strategist Michael Goldhaber began predicting about the attention economy more than 20 years ago, claiming, “No one would put anything on the Internet without obtaining some attention.”A recent survey in the New Statesman attempted to explore the relationship betwee
2、n what makes us “like our likes” and what fuels our desire for followers. One response from a 17yearold girl provided an alarming image of modern affairs. “Likes are always an indicator of social standing. As someone who gets anxious and occasionally struggles with selfesteem (自尊), the amount of lik
3、es on my posts can be either hugely uplifting or depressing，” said the teenager.And that applies to everyone. An extraordinary 89% of those taking part in the survey admitted the number of likes connected with making them happy.However, here comes the down curve (曲线): 40% admitted this happiness onl
4、y lasts as long as the likes keep coming in. Tellingly, you could also be one of the 70% of people who are given a “sympathy like”. But regardless of intention, the likes act as encouragement which makes you want more and more.Addiction expert Judson Brewer, and Associate Professor at University of
5、Massachusetts Medical School, wrote in the Huffington Post that when we talk to someone face to face, our brains have to try to add together such factors as context, nonverbal facial and body cues (暗示), and tone of voice, which leaves plenty of room for ambiguity and subjective understanding. In rea
6、l life, there is no simple, quantifiable point system (the “likes” on Instagram): we cant assign one like for a smile, another for tone of voice.To put it bluntly, the Mark Zuckerbergs of this world need you for as long as possible to make their business models work. They dont care that youve just l
7、iked your best friends wedding pictures. Its the ads around those pictures that make Facebook tick. It goes deeper, too. Your viewing history is taken into account, thus making ads which may interest you be displayed. The aim is to stop you from closing your news feed. The engineers want your attent
8、ion.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着互联网的发展，网民的注意力逐渐成为商家争夺的重要资源。1.According to the 17yearold teenager, to get likes _.Acheers us up effectivelyBhas negative effects on usCis to seek social recognitionDis to influence people around us解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，这名青少年强调：社交网络上获得赞的数量意味着一个人的社会地位。也就是说，人们获取赞是为了寻求社会认同。2Wh
9、at is the major problem with seeking likes according to the text?AIts effect is temporary.BIts intention isnt good.CIt makes us feel anxious.DIt produces unreal effects.解析：选A推理判断题。第三段指出获得赞的好处是让人们高兴。根据第四段第一句可推知，问题在于这种幸福很短暂。3What does Judson Brewer think of facetoface communication?AIdeas can be got a
10、cross more quickly.BIt can be understood more easily.CIt contributes to selfesteem.DDeeper meaning is involved.解析：选D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，Judson Brewer认为，面对面的交流包含更多的附加因素和信息，如肢体语言、语音强调等。即这种交流包含更深层的含义。4Why is our viewing history taken into account by the Mark Zuckerbergs?ATo offer us better service.BTo sell
11、 some products to us.CTo send information we need.DTo encourage facetoface communication.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者指出，那些互联网公司之所以关注我们的浏览记录是为了给我们推送我们可能感兴趣的广告，也就是为了推销产品。BTheres a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In The World.Marley understood that part of the reason why t
12、here are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people.The UN understands this too thats why it made Nov 16 “International Day for Tolerance”But first of all, what is tolerance? French philosopher Voltaire (16941778) can give us some help.According to him, tolerance “is the c
13、onsequence of humanity.We are all formed of frailty (脆弱) and error; let us pardon each others folly that is the first law of nature.”Nobodys perfect.When were tempted to criticize another person, we should perhaps remember our own imperfections first.Very often, people dont realize that theyre intol
14、erant.This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance.For example, the UNs campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males.But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men dont put themselves in the shoes of women.Its worth thinking a little about the word
15、s “tolerance” and “intolerance”Are they the best words to describe the evils of which were speaking here? To agree to be“tolerant”of someone isnt necessarily a very respectful thing.When someone is tolerated, it implies that theres something wrong with them.But it seems wrong that people should agre
16、e to “tolerate” people with black skin, for example.And should women think they have received the respect they are due when men agree to “tolerate” them?Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share.Thats the reason we should be tolerant
17、.Its a little like generosity.We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.Bob Marley understood this.In the song mentioned above, he advised: “Write your love on a rock so it stays for eternity; write your hate in the sand so the waves will wash it away.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。
18、文章介绍了宽容的意义和宽容的重要性。5According to Voltaire, tolerance is _.Abeing willing to express your love to othersBtrying to overcome your imperfectionsCgiving a hand to vulnerable groups (弱势群体)Daccepting each others weaknesses解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，伏尔泰认为，容忍就是接受对方的缺点。6Why are people usually unaware of their int
19、olerance, according to the article?AThey are used to finding faults.BThey consider tolerance a kind of frailty.CThey dont see things from the angle of others.DThey are intolerant of themselves too.解析：选C细节理解题。由第四段第二至四句可知，人们通常没有意识到他们的不宽容是因为他们不能从别人的角度看问题。7Whats the text mainly about?AThe origin of the
20、International Day of Tolerance.BThe meaning and importance of tolerance.CThe philosophy behind Bob Marleys song.DEffective ways to show tolerance.解析：选B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章通过介绍人们不宽容的原因，以及对“宽容”和“不宽容”的思考告诉读者，宽容起着重要的作用。由此判断出这篇课文主要在讲宽容的意义和重要性。CGeorgina, known as Georgie, will turn 16 later this week and organ
21、ized the party with two friends.Her mother said they had originally looked at the option of booking a nightclub, but decided the 1,000 fee was too steep. She said, “It seemed that realistically the only place Georgina could have her party was at home.”Georgie Hobdays parents had grownups to be in ch
22、arge, a proper guest list, and a ban on alcohol. So they thought they had her 16th birthday party under control.Unfortunately, it was advertised on Facebook.Around 400 uninvited guests stormed into the familys townhouse in Brighton on Saturday and gatecrashed (擅自参加) the event.They violently forced t
23、heir way past the adults on duty, breaking light bulbs, knocking over plants and tearing up the garden.Twelve police cars had to be called in to send them on their way.The troublemakers were the Facebook Republican Army, a group who look for teenage parties to crash through social networking sites.Y
24、esterday Georgies mother was very annoyed, who said to the newspaper reporter, “It was an absolute horror show.The garden has been ruined by the teenagers and the grass is just mud.Ill never have a party for my daughter here again.I think Facebook is a major cause, as well as texting.”A gatecrasher
25、said this is just the kind of party they like to gatecrash. Theyre in their late teens and early 20s and they are quite intimidating.When they turn up at a teenage party they know that no one will dare to say anything to them so they can do what they want.Once theyve found a party they put the word
26、out through texts and news spreads fast.A Sussex police spokesman said, “There was a sea of people, and it was hard to move, which was a major safety problem that required a lot of police time and resources.” Mrs Meli added, “I do understand at that age they have nowhere to go because they couldnt g
27、o to clubs.But invading (蜂拥而入) someone elses party and wasting police time and money is not the answer.Something must be done to educate and guide the teenagers bad behaviors.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。即将16岁的Georgie在家里举办了生日聚会，但“脸书共和军”在她生日当天不请自来，不仅破坏了她的生日聚会，而且把她家弄得乱七八糟。8What made Georgies parents give up holding
28、 the party at a nightclub?AThe high cost. BThe limited time.CThe safety problem. DThe noisy atmosphere.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，Georgie的父母原打算预订一家夜总会为她举办16岁生日聚会，但是他们觉得1 000英镑的费用太贵，最终决定在家里给她举办生日聚会。9What can we know about Georgies mother?AShe arranged the party with Georgie.BShe has disadvantaged backgrou
29、nds.CShe regretted holding the party at home.DShe throws a birthday party for Georgie yearly.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Georgie的妈妈认为这完全是个恐怖秀，她再也不在家里为女儿举办聚会了。由此可推知，Georgie的妈妈很后悔在家里为女儿举办生日聚会。10What does the underlined word “intimidating” in Paragraph 5 mean?AAmbitious. BFrightening.CThoughtless. DCurious.解析：选
30、B词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的句子可知，参加聚会的不速之客认为当他们出现在青少年的聚会上时，这些青少年不敢对他们说什么，于是他们就可以为所欲为。由此可推断画线词的意思为“可怕的，令人害怕的”，与frightening的意思相近。11Whats Mrs Melis attitude towards the Facebook Republican Army?AConcerned. BSupportive.CDoubtful. DNegative.解析：选D观点态度题。根据最后一段的“But invading (蜂拥而入) someone elses party and wasting police
31、 time and money is not the answer.”可知，Mrs Meli认为“脸书共和军”闯入别人的聚会的行为是在浪费警方的时间和金钱，是不可取的。由此可知，她对“脸书共和军”持否定的态度。tips 利用but/however巧解阅读理解题通过研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，我们不难发现but和however的重现率较高，几乎每年高考阅读理解都有一些题目的答案与这两个词有关，故应高度重视这两个词，特别是其后的内容。表示转折的but和however有很强的意义强调功能，对我们判断上下文文意、推断作者态度、猜测人物心理、理清文章层次都具有举足轻重的作用。but和however在文中通常有以下几种作用：引出作者的观点，反驳but前面的观点(普遍观点)；通过对比引出相反或相对的信息；表明作者的态度或提出作者的建议。例如上文C篇阅读中第11小题，本题为观点态度题。定位文章最后一段的“But invading (蜂拥而入) someone elses party and wasting police time and money is not the answer.”，由but后的内容可知，Mrs Meli认为“脸书共和军”闯入别人的聚会的行为是在浪费警方的时间和金钱，是不可取的。即她对“脸书共和军”持否定的态度。