1、UNIT 1SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSPart 1Reading and Thinking基础过关练.单词拼写1.She had no reason to (怀疑) that Sylvia had not told the truth.2.The poems may not make sense and even seem (相互矛盾的), but they are easy to recite.3.The police think there may be a (联系)between the two cases.4.Yuan Longping hoped to (改变) t
2、he food problem by developing a record production of 1,500 kilograms per mu. 5.All drivers are taught how to (处理) emergencies before they receive their driving licenses.6.There are many ways to eat tomatoes;they can be eaten (生的) or cooked with other vegetables.7.If the tigers cannot find enough foo
3、d to eat,their numbers may d sharply.选词填空subscribe to;once and for all;thanks to;attend to1.We have to take measures to settle this problem .2.The nurses are busy the patients in the hospital.3. your timely help, we can finish the task in time.4.If you China Daily,itll be delivered to your door ever
4、y day.单句语法填空1.Cheer up! You neednt feel (frustrate) at your failure in the exam.2.Officials say that few citizens (infect) with the virus owing to effective prevention now.3.These are just some (proof) that we could do for the program.4.These events (severe) affect our environment as well as human h
5、ealth.5.Carbon emissions from human activities are partly to blame our warming planet.完成句子1.我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。We havent decided for our summer holiday. 2.澳大利亚的救援人员正把鲸鱼拖离沙洲,以便它们能返回大海。The Australian rescuers are pulling the whales off the sand banks they can return to the sea.3.当学生进入青春期时,他们似乎很容易变得渴望展示出他们是不
6、同的,是独立的。When students reach puberty, they easily become eager to show that they are different and independent.课文语法填空John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Cholera used to be one of the most feared 1(disease) in the world until John Snow showed how it could be overcome. Cholera,as 2 deadly disease of its da
7、y,threatened ordinary people. No one knew its cause or its cure. Every time cholera broke out,large numbers of 3(frighten) people died. John Snow was determined 4(solve) this problem. He knew only if he found its cause would it be controlled.There were two theories that 5(possible) explained how peo
8、ple got infected. John Snow 6(subscribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.In 1854, another outbreak of cholera hit London. John Snow decided to investigate. He marked the places on a map, 7 gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. He f
9、ound many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street. Some households had no deaths 8 these people drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 9(blame). He made further research and concluded that polluted water led to the disease. Finally “King Cholera” 10(defeat). Thanks to John
10、 Snow, we now know how to prevent cholera.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.能力提升练.阅读理解A(2021山西大学附属中学高二上月考,)Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Dozens of women have won the Nobel Prize, one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked
11、with their husband, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries of the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils(化石)in t
12、heir village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons(骨架)of several animals that no longer existed on earth. S
13、he didnt become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.In 1891, a young Polish woman named Maria Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working
14、 in the laboratory with a man named Pierre Curie. She and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry
15、. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time that became famous as a scientist.1.What does the author think of women scientists according to Paragraph 1?A.They go through difficulties to be successful.B.They cannot get the highest honors in the world.C.They had better pay more attention to the
16、ir families.D.They have more opportunities to become successful.2.Why did Mary fail to be famous for her discoveries of fossils?A.Because she didnt want to be known to anyone.B.Because they werent worth studying.C.Because nobody recognized them.D.Because she sold them for money.3.What can we know ab
17、out Marie Curie?A.She finished her college education in Poland.B.She was the first woman to win two Nobel Prizes.C.She won the first Nobel Prize before getting married.D.She and her husband won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.4.Whats the text mainly about?A.Ancient discoveries of scientists.B.Some stor
18、ies of women scientists.C.Successful marriages of women scientists.D.Some women scientists winning the Nobel Prize.B(2021山东师范大学附属中学高二10月月考,)What if we had the power to control time, instead of moving from the past to the present to the future? What if we could jump, loop and travel through time in a
19、 machine? What if we could go wherever and whenever we pleased?This ability would allow us to witness historic wonders, change decisions and see people from the past. We could right wrongs and stop wars breaking out once and for all.The mysterious puzzle of time has kept people debating its nature f
20、or hundreds of years. Science fiction writers have turned it into imaginative stories. Some scientists have even attempted to explain it using math. This math tries to make the dream of time travel come true.The gifted scientist Albert Einstein said that time and space are one thing. He called it “s
21、pacetime”. Einstein said that there are three dimensions in space: height, width and depth. A scientist named Hermann Minkowski added time as a fourth dimension.Einstein introduced two ideas that have led to theories about the possibility of time travel. The first is relativity. The idea of relativi
22、ty is that the force of gravity causes space to bend, which causes time to twist. The second idea focuses on special relativity. The idea is that a traveler moving super fast through flat spacetime will enter the future. Einstein considered time “relative” because it is measured based on where we ar
23、e on Earth or in space.Stephen Hawking is a famous scientist. He believed that a time machine would never be built. If it were possible, he thought, we would already know. If a time machine could be built, how come no one from the future has invaded us?The first science fiction story about this them
24、e is The Clock That Went Backward by Edward P. Mitchell, which was published in 1881.Since then, thousands of books, films and television shows linked to this theme have explored the idea of time travel, in which some tools such as phones, watches, photographs and old books take travelers backward a
25、nd forward.Will time travel ever happen? Who knows? The most important thing is to keep your eyes open and have a sense of wonder.5.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A.To show time and space are connected.B.To show peoples interest in time travel.C.To draw readers attention to time travel.D
26、.To make people believe time travel is possible.6.Which of the following statements could Einstein agree with?A.Time travel is possible in the future.B.People cant move faster than light.C.Time travel is against scientific rules.D.Spacetime is not a real thing in theory.7.What is the last but one pa
27、ragraph mainly about?A.The first science fiction story.B.Some tools used in time travel.C.Edward P. Mitchell, the pioneer.D.Different works about time travel.8.What is the writers attitude toward time travel?A.Cautious.B.Approving.C.Doubtful.D.Hopeful.七选五(2020湖南张家界高二上期末统考,)Online courses have become
28、 popular in many countries. There are different kinds of online courses, but most show a video of a teacher and students in a classroom. Students watch the video online and take part in online activities. Some courses are free and open to anyone. 1 Of course, watching videos on a screen is not the s
29、ame as taking part in a real class.2 In Singapore, eight schools have been chosen to try new ways of using technology in the classroom. The schools have tablets(平板电脑)and touchscreens instead of books and blackboards in the classrooms. 3 Through them, students can communicate with each other and work
30、 on projects together.In South Korea, some students have been taught English by teachers in the Philippines and other countries since 2011. The teachers are in their home country and are connected to the South Korean classrooms via the Internet. Instead of looking at a screen, the students interact
31、with a robot in the classroom. The robot is controlled by the teachers. 4Thanks to technology, more and more ways of teaching and learning are being developed.5 But one thing is for surethere has never been a more interesting time than being a student.A.E-learning can be successful.B.There are also
32、social media platforms(平台).C.Other kinds of e-learning are being tested around the world.D.They give students the chance to study anywhere, at any time.E.Nobody knows what the classroom of the future will look like.F.And it can move around the classroom and talk with the students.G.The courses that
33、are taught via the Internet are called online courses.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.答案全解全析UNIT 1SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSPart 1Reading and Thinking基础过关练.1.suspect2.contradictory3.link4.transform5.handle6.raw7.decrease.1.once and for all2.attending to3.Thanks to4.subscribe to.1.frustrated考查词性转换。句意:振作起来!你没有必要因为考试失利而感到沮丧
34、。feel是系动词,后面应跟形容词作表语,此处修饰人,应填frustrated,意为“沮丧的”。2.are infected考查动词的时态和语态。句意:官员说,由于有效的预防,现在很少有居民感染那种病毒。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语从句的谓语,citizens与infect之间为被动关系,由say和now判断应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are infected。3.proofs考查名词复数。句意:这些只是我们可以为这个程序做的一些证明。由句中的are以及some可知此处应用名词的复数形式。故填proofs。易错分析本题容易错填为prooves,在这里,我们需要注意,以-f结尾的名词变复数时
35、很多都是把f变为v然后加-es,然而proof、belief、chief、roof这几个词的复数形式都是直接在后面加-s。4.severely考查副词。句意:这些事件严重影响了我们的环境和人类健康。设空处修饰动词affect应该用副词形式,故填severely。5.for考查介词。句意:人类活动产生的碳排放是造成地球变暖的部分原因。be to blame for 意为“应为负责任;应因受责备”,故填for。.1.where to go2.so that3.it seems that.1.diseases考查名词的数。句意:霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一。分析句子结构可知,本题考查“one o
36、f the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,故填diseases。2.a考查冠词。句意:霍乱作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人(的生命)。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处应用不定冠词表泛指,表示一种致命的疾病,且deadly以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。3.frightened考查词性转换。句意:每次霍乱暴发,都会有大批惊恐的人病死。分析句子结构可知,设空处作定语修饰名词people,故用形容词frightened,意为“惊恐的,害怕的”。4.to solve考查动词不定式。句意:约翰斯诺下定决心要解决这个问题。be determined to do.意为“下定决心做”,故填to so
37、lve。5.possibly考查词性转换。句意:有两种理论可能解释了人们是如何被感染的。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语修饰动词explained,故应填副词possibly,意为“可能地”。6.subscribed考查动词的时态。句意:约翰斯诺赞同霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的这一理论。分析句子结构可知,设空处充当主句的谓语,由语境可知用一般过去时,故填subscribed。subscribe to意为“同意,赞成”。7.which考查非限制性定语从句。句意:他在地图上标出了那些地方,这给了他一条关于疾病起因的有价值的线索。分析句子结构可知,7 gave him.the disease是一
38、个非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的主句,故用关系代词which。8.because考查连词。句意:一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒。由句意可知此处应填because,引导原因状语从句。9.to blame考查固定搭配。句意:似乎水泵是罪魁祸首。be to blame意为“应负责任;应受责备”,故填to blame。易错分析在该题中学生会因为空前的was而认为是被动语态,从而错填成blamed。因此,在学习中要牢记短语“be to blame”,用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,表示“应受责备”。10.was defeated考查动词的时态和语态。句意:最终“霍乱王”被打败了。分析句子结构
39、可知,设空处作谓语,因为叙述过去发生的事,故用一般过去时。由句意可知,这种疾病是被打败,故用被动语态。故填was defeated。能力提升练.A语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了以玛丽安宁和玛丽居里为代表的女性科学家的故事。这些女性科学家为人类社会做出了很大贡献。1.A细节理解题。根据第一段末句It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.可知,在作者看来,女性成为成功的科学家是很难的。该句与A选项是同义表达。故选A。 B选项(她们不能得到世界上最高的荣誉)与第一段第二句所述观点相悖;C选项(她们最好多关注她们的
40、家庭)、D选项(她们有更多成功的机会)均不符合第一段内容。2.D细节理解题。根据第三段末句She didnt become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.可知,她当时没有因为发现化石而出名是因为她经常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选D。3.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scienti
41、st. 和Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911,this time in Chemistry.可知,1903年,居里夫妇和另一位科学家一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖,1911年,居里夫人成为第一个获得第二个诺贝尔奖的人,这次是化学奖。由此可知,她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选B。A选项(她在波兰完成了大学教育),第四段前两句交代了玛丽居里因为不能在波兰上大学,所以才去了巴黎学习物理;C选项(她在结婚前获得了第一个诺贝尔奖),而第四段第四句和第五句交代了他们是先结了婚,然后和另
42、一位科学家一起赢得了诺贝尔物理学奖;D选项(她和她的丈夫获得了诺贝尔化学奖)与第四段第六句所述内容不符。4.B主旨大意题。文章结构为总分结构,第一段提及了本文的中心话题:Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times.It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.(从古代开始,女性就一直在进行科学发现女性很难成为成功的科学家。),然后讲述了玛丽安宁和玛丽居里的故事。由此可知文章的话题为“一些女性科学家的故事”。故选B。其中因为居里夫人获得
43、了诺贝尔奖而使D选项具有干扰性,但是玛丽安宁没有获诺贝尔奖,故排除D选项。【高频词汇】1.dozens of很多;许多2.honor n.荣誉,光荣3.recognize vt.认可;承认plete adj.完全的,完整的5.award vt.授予长难句分析原句When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons of several animals that no longer existed on earth.分析该句是一个主从复合句。其中
44、When引导时间状语从句;to find.为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰person;that no longer existed on earth为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animals。句意当她只有12岁的时候,玛丽成了第一个发现几个动物的几乎完整的骨架的人,这些动物在地球上已经不存在了。B语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了时间旅行是否能够成为可能,并且引用了科学家阿尔伯特爱因斯坦和斯蒂芬霍金对于时间旅行的看法,同时也介绍了关于时间旅行的不同作品。5.C推理判断题。在第一段作者提到了几个假设“如果我们有能力控制时间,而不是从过去移动到现在移动到未来,会怎样?如果我们能在机器里
45、跳跃、循环和穿越时间会怎样?如果我们可以想去哪就去哪,想什么时候去就什么时候去会怎样?”然后开始介绍时间旅行这一话题,由此推断,作者写第一段的目的是吸引读者对时间旅行的注意。故选C。A项(为了表明时间和空间是有联系的);B项(为了说明人们在时间旅行方面的兴趣);D项(为了让人们相信时间旅行是可能的)。A选项表述的内容在文章第四段被提到:爱因斯坦认为时间和空间是一件事情,但显然,它不是第一段的写作目的。6.A推理判断题。根据第五段首句可知,爱因斯坦提出了两种观点,这两种观点导致了关于时间旅行可能性的理论。由此可推知,爱因斯坦会同意A项“时间旅行在未来是可能的”的说法。B项(人们不能比光移动得快)
46、与第五段中爱因斯坦的第二个观点(The idea is that a traveler moving super fast through flat spacetime will enter the future)相悖;C项(时间旅行违背科学原则),第五段第一句提到了爱因斯坦提出了时间旅行的可能性的理论,所以爱因斯坦认为它有科学依据;D项(时空在理论上不是真实的事情),第四段中,爱因斯坦给出了时空的概念,说明爱因斯坦认为它是真实的。7.D主旨大意题。倒数第二段的首句介绍了第一个以这个话题为主题的科幻故事,此后,出现了成千上万的探讨时间旅行的书籍、电影和电视节目,由此可知,倒数第二段的主要内容是
47、介绍关于时间旅行的不同作品。故选D。其中A、B和C选项都犯了“以偏概全”的错误,它们只是本段内容的一个方面。8.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The most important thing is to keep your eyes open and have a sense of wonder.”可知,作者对于时间旅行的态度是充满希望的。故选D。have a sense of wonder(持有一种好奇感)是解题的关键。A项“谨慎的”;B项“赞同的”;C项“怀疑的”。【高频词汇】1.witness vt.见证;目击2.wonder n.奇迹3.mysterious adj.神秘的4.ima
48、ginative adj.富于想象力的5.lead to导致,引起6.invade vt.侵略长难句分析原句Since then, thousands of books, films and television shows linked to this theme have explored the idea of time travel, in which some tools such as phones, watches, photographs and old books take travelers backward and forward.分析本句是主从复合句。thousands
49、 of books, films and television shows是主句的主语,linked to this theme是修饰主语的后置定语,in which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词thousands of books, films and television shows。句意从那时起,成千上万与这个主题相关的书籍、电影和电视节目探讨了时间旅行的概念,在这其中,一些工具,如手机、手表、照片和旧书等带着旅行者来回穿梭。.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在线课程的有关内容。老师可以进行远程授课,学生在教室与教学机器人进行互动。随着科技的发展,教学方式也在不断地发展。1.D上文
50、提到Students watch the video online and take part in online activities. Some courses are free and open to anyone.(学生在线观看视频并参与线上活动。一些课程对任何人都是免费开放的。),说明正是因为网络的便利性,学生可以随时随地学习。D项(它们给了学生随时随地学习的机会)符合语境。2.C第二、三段提到了新加坡、韩国对在线学习的实践,说明了在线学习在全世界进行测试。C项符合语境。3.B第二段最后一句提到Through them, students can communicate with e
51、ach other and work on projects together.(学生可以通过它们互相交流,共同完成项目。),只有通过平台学生才能互相沟通交流,且代词them指代B项中的social media platforms。故B项符合语境。4.F上文提到Instead of looking at a screen, the students interact with a robot in the classroom. The robot is controlled by the teachers.(学生在教室里跟机器人进行互动,而不是盯着屏幕看。这个机器人由老师控制。),F项中的it指代前文中出现的robot,故F项符合语境。5.E倒数第二段提到随着科技的发展,越来越多的教学和学习方式正被研发出来。而科技的发展会给教学模式带来什么样的未来还是未知的。因此,没有人知道未来的教室会是什么样子的。故E项符合语境。【高频词汇】1.online courses网络课程2.instead of代替;而不是3.project n.项目;工程;计划4.be connected to与连接5.interact with 与交流6.for sure无疑;肯定