1、返回目录 Developing and Developed Countries Module 2 返回目录 单元话题链接发展中国家在第二次世界大战之后迅速崛起，其经济、政治、教育日益发展，但是在其教育发展的过程中，还存在着一系列的问题和挑战。返回目录 To someone living in a developed country,education is a requirement that sometimes seems very ordinary.A college student,for example,might find that waking up in the morning
2、for an 8：00 am.class is the hardest thing in the world.However,college is even remote for many people in developing countries and achieving just a basic education is far more challenging than one might imagine.返回目录 Seventeen percent of the total adults are illiterate(不识字的)and around 67.4 million chi
3、ldren arent even in school and the number is twice the number of illiterate people.These numbers are a tragic result of the countries being troubled by struggles such as poverty,economic weakness,a lack of qualified teachers,and so on.返回目录 Poverty is the main challenge for people getting an educatio
4、n in developing countries.When half of the worlds population lives on$2.50 or less per day,incomes for these poor people usually come from farming,agriculture,and products sold in markets.Adults work hard for very little and cant afford to send their children to school,so they send them to work to e
5、arn extra income.In total,about 166 million children worldwide are forced to work,which means that they have no chance to read and write or do basic math.返回目录 Economic weakness in developing countries results from the extremely poor people.The economy suffers when the people dont earn enough money t
6、o spend or pay taxes to help the governments funds.返回目录 Teachers teach what they know.In developing countries,the schools educating future teachers are using few curriculums(课程)to create an ongoing cycle of low-quality education.Students dont learn how to properly read or do math and other basic ski
7、lls.Even after five years of primary education,close to 50%of students remain illiterate,and many drop out because there really is no reason for them to stay in school when they could make an income.返回目录 These are just a couple of challenges that people face when getting an education in developing c
8、ountries.Poverty and other problems coming with it are not easy to overcome,but progress is being made.Compared to 40 years ago,the number of illiterate people worldwide has dropped to some degree.返回目录 根据短文完成下面单句语法填空。1A college student,living in a _(develop)country,might find that waking up in the m
9、orning for an 8：00 am.class is the hardest thing.2Achieving just a basic _(educate)in developing countries is very challenging.3Poverty is _ main challenge for people getting an education in developing countries.4Half of the worlds population _(live)on$2.50 or less per day.5After five years of prima
10、ry education,many children in developing countries drop out _(make)an income.developededucationthelivesto make返回目录 Section Reading(Introduction&Reading and Speaking)返回目录 课前教材预案课堂深度拓展课末随堂演练目录Contents 返回目录 课前教材预案知识清单.重点单词基础词汇1_ n.收入2_ n.(与动物等对比的)人3_ n.指数4_ vt.测定；测量；评估incomehumanindexmeasure返回目录 5_ n.目
11、标6_ n.位置7_ n.数字goalpositionfigure返回目录 拓展词汇1_ n发展_ v发展_ adj.发达的_ adj.发展中的2_ vt.教育_ n教育_ adj.受过教育的3_ n饥饿_ adj.饥饿的developmentdevelopdevelopeddevelopingeducateeducationeducatedhungerhungry返回目录.重点短语1_ 作出努力2_ 取得进步3_ 同意做某事4_ 直到5_ 在底部6_ 安全饮用水7_ 确保make effortsmake progressagree to do sthup toat the bottom of
12、safe drinking watermake sure返回目录.重点句型1while 作并列连词，表对比Norway is at the top of the list，_.挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七位。2with 复合结构The bottom ten countries are all African countries,_.排名最后的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在最后一位。while the US is at number 7with Sierra Leone(in West Africa)at the bottom of the list返回目录 3“主语be性质形
13、容词to do”主动表被动However,in other regions of the world,eg.Eastern Europe,_.然而，在世界的其他地区，如东欧，水基本上是可以安全饮用的。4although 引导让步状语从句_，they need to give much more.尽管发达国家提供了一些经济援助，但他们应该提供更多的援助。water is mostly safe to drinkAlthough developed countries give some financial help返回目录 课文助读原 文The Human Development ReportI
14、n the year 2000,147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier.From this agreement came the Human Development Report.返回目录 One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index.This examines the achievements of 175 countries.The Index measure
15、s a countrys achievements in three ways:life expectancy(how long people usually live),education and income.The index has some surprises.Norway is at the top of the list,while the US is at number 7.The other top five countries are:Iceland(2),Sweden(3),Australia(4),the Netherlands(5).The UK is in the
16、thirteenth position，while China is in the middle of the list.The bottom ten countries are all African countries,with Sierra Leone(in West Africa)at the bottom of the list.返回目录 The report describes eight Development Goals.The most important goals are to：reduce poverty and hunger；make sure21 that all
17、children have education up to22 the age of 11；fight AIDS and other diseases；improve the environment of poor people,eg.make sure they have safe drinking water；encourage developed23 countries to give24 more help to other countries.返回目录 The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of25 successful d
18、evelopment.For example,in nine years(19531962),China increased life expectancy by 13 years.In the last ten years in China,150 million people moved out of26poverty.However,the challenges are still great.Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry.Over half of these are in South As
19、ia or Africa.返回目录 Although more than 80%of children in developing countries go to primary school27，about 115 million children are not being educated28.More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water.However,in other regions of the world,eg.Eastern Europe,water is now mostl
20、y safe to drink.返回目录 29The report shows that we are making some progress30but that we need to make greater efforts31.Although developed countries32 give some financial33 help,they need to give much more.Interestingly34，the countries that give the most money35 are the Netherlands,Norway and Sweden.Th
21、ese are among the five richest countries in the world,so it is right that they should do so36.返回目录 注 解 human n(与动物等对比的)人development n发展develop v发展；开发；变化；成长；冲洗agree to do sth 同意做某事poverty n贫穷本句为完全倒装句式。index n指数measure vt.测定；测量；评估expectancy n(根据概率得出的)预期数额返回目录 education n教育income n收入surprise n意外，惊奇。此处属
22、于抽象名词具体化用法。at the top of 在顶端Iceland 冰岛Netherlands 荷兰position n位置Sierra Leone 塞拉利昂at the bottom of 在底部返回目录 with Sierra Leone(in West Africa)at the bottom of the list 是“with名词介词短语”类型的 with 复合结构，在句中作状语。goal n目标“be to do”结构表示安排、命令、意向或目的。21 make sure 确保，后接 that 引导的宾语从句。22 up to 多达23 developed adj.发达的deve
23、loping adj.发展中的24 encourageto do 鼓励做返回目录 25 give examples of 给出例子26 move out of 脱离；摆脱，搬出27 Although more than 80%of children是 although 引导的让步状语从句。28 educate vt.教育；培养；训练。本句运用了现在进行时的被动语态。29 The report shows thatbut that中，but 连接两个并列的宾语从句，表转折，注意第二个 that 不能省略。返回目录 30 make progress 取得进步progress 是不可数名词。31 m
24、ake efforts 努力make efforts to do sth 努力做某事32 developed countries 发达国家developing countries 发展中国家33 financial adj.财政的；金融的finance n财政；金融返回目录 34 interestingly adv.有趣的是35 that give the most money是定语从句，修饰先行词the countries。that 在从句中作主语，不可省略。36 it is right that they should do so 中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 从句。返回目
25、录 译 文人类发展报告在 2000 年，来自世界各国的 147 位领导人同意一起协作，力争到 2015 年或更早的时候减少贫困。人类发展报告就来自于这个共识。返回目录 这份报告中最重要的部分之一就是人类发展指数。它审查 175 个国家的成就。这个指数从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：预期寿命(人们通常活多长时间)、教育和收入。这个指数显示了一些令人感到意外的情况。挪威高居榜首，而美国名列第七。位于前五位的其他国家是：冰岛(2)、瑞典(3)、澳大利亚(4)和荷兰(5)。英国位居第十三，而中国处于中等水平。处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在最后。返回目录 报告描述了 8 个发展目
26、标。最重要的目标是：减少贫困和饥饿；确保所有儿童 11 岁之前都能接受教育；对抗艾滋病和其他疾病；改善穷苦人民的(生活)环境，例如：确保他们有安全的饮用水；鼓励发达国家给予其他国家更多的帮助。返回目录 2003 年人类发展报告列举了一些成功发展的例子。例如：在 9 年(19531962)的时间里，中国的人均寿命就增加了 13 岁。过去的 10 年里，中国有 1.5 亿人口脱贫。然而，挑战仍然很严峻。在发展中国家，每天有 7.99 亿人在挨饿，其中一半以上的人来自南亚或非洲。虽然发展中国家 80%以上的儿童能上小学，但仍有约 1.15 亿儿童得不到教育。发展中国家里 10 多亿的人喝不上安全的水
27、。然而，在世界的其他地区，如东欧，现在的饮用水大多是安全的。返回目录 报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们需要作出更大的努力。虽然发达国家提供了一些经济援助，但是援助的数量需要大大增加。有趣的是，捐钱最多的国家是荷兰、挪威和瑞典。它们都属于世界上最富有的五个国家，所以它们这样做是合情合理的。返回目录 课文理解.Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.1What is the main purpose of giving the report in your opinion?ATo examine the achievements of
28、175 countries.BTo order the countries in the world in three ways.CTo show the current conditions of the worlds countries in three ways.DTo urge the countries in the world to work together to reduce poverty.答案 D返回目录 2What is the correct order of the five richest countries according to the report?AThe
29、 US,the UK,Norway,Iceland，Sweden.BNorway,Iceland，Sweden,Australia,the Netherlands.CIceland，Sweden,Australia,the Netherlands,Norway.DThe US,Norway,Iceland,Sweden,Australia.答案 B返回目录 3Which of the following is NOT the goal made by the report according to the passage?AImproving peoples living conditions
30、 in the developing countries.B Improving peoples medical conditions in the developing countries.CGiving the children in poor countries more chances to be educated.DUrging all the developing countries to fight with poverty and illness.答案 D返回目录 4In which way has China proved successful according to th
31、e report?AIt increased life expectancy by 13 years.B150 million people have moved out of poverty.CMore than 80%of children have gone to primary school.DBoth A and B.答案 D返回目录 5Which of the following statements is NOT true about the conclusion made by the report?AWe are making some progress but greate
32、r efforts are still needed.BDeveloped countries should give much more help to those poor ones.CThe USA and the UK should have given more help to the developing countries.DIt is the responsibility of the rich countries to help those in poor.答案 C返回目录.Analyze the following difficult sentences in the te
33、xt.1The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.句式分析 自主翻译_报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们需要作出更大的努力。返回目录 2These are among the five richest countries in the world,so it is right that they should do so.句式分析 自主翻译_它们都属于世界上五个最富有的国家，所以它们这样做是合情合理的。返回目录 课堂深度拓展词汇点击measure vt.测定
34、；测量；评估 vi.有长/宽n尺寸；措施1(教材 P12)The Index measures a countrys achievements in three ways:life expectancy(how long people usually live),education and income.这个指数从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：预期寿命(人们通常活多长时间)、教育和收入。返回目录 maketo ones measure 按照某人的尺寸做(衣服等)take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事返回目录 How do you measure the size of t
35、his room?你如何测量这个房间的面积？My mother made me a pair of trousers _.我母亲按照我的尺寸给我做了一条裤子。It is high time that we should take some measures _(protect)our environment.是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。【提示】measure 作“尺寸”讲时，常用作不可数名词；而作“措施”讲时，通常用复数形式。to my measureto protect返回目录 position n位置，方位；姿势；身份，地位；职位，职务；处境，状况2(教材 P12)The UK is
36、in the thirteenth position,while China is in the middle of the list.英国位居第十三，而中国则处于中等水平。返回目录 写出下列句中 position 的含义Can you find our position on this map？_He has a high position in the firm._Now let us look at the wage position._He was lying in a very uncomfortable position._【提示】position 作先行词时，其后的定语从句多由w
37、here 引导；在 in/out of position(在/不在适当的位置)短语中，position 是不可数名词，前面不可用冠词。位置地位，职位状况姿势返回目录 We are now in a good position where all is in our hands.我们现在处于一个有利的形势：一切尽在我们掌握之中。返回目录 make sure 确保；查明；弄清楚3(教 材 P12)The most important goals are to:reduce poverty and hunger;make sure that all children have education u
38、p to the age of 11最重要的目标是：减少贫困和饥饿；确保所有儿童 11岁之前都能接受教育返回目录(1)后接 that 引导的宾语从句，也可接 of/about sth；后接宾语从句时，从句通常用一般现在时(2)be sure of确信be sure to do 一定会for sure/certain 肯定地to be sure 确定；固然返回目录 Ill make sure of the time of the flight.我要核实一下这班飞机的时间。_(that)you pick me up at five.你一定要在 5 点来接我。Be sure _(tell)me al
39、l the news.一定要把所有的消息都告诉我。Im _ his success.我确信他会成功。No one knows _ what will happen in the future.没有人确切地知道未来会发生什么事。Make sureto tellsure offor sure返回目录 up to 直到；多达；由决定；忙于；胜任4 写出下列句中 up to 的含义Up to ten people can sleep in this tent._The No.5 bus runs up to 9 oclock in the evening._Im afraid that he is n
40、ot up to the job._Its up to you to decide where we should go._What have you been up to?_【提示】up to 意为“胜任”时，通常用于疑问句或否定句中，to 后面可接名词、代词、动名词。多达直到胜任由决定忙于返回目录(1)be up to(doing sth)打算做/正在做(不好的事)；胜任(做某事)It is up to sb to do sth 是某人的责任；应由某人做Its up to you.由你做主。(2)up to date 最新的up to now 直到现在(与现在完成时连用)返回目录 Shal
41、l we go out for dinner or eat at home?Its _.我们是出去吃饭还是在家吃呢？由你决定。_ he keeps quiet about the matter.直到现在他对这件事仍保持沉默。up to youUp to now返回目录 make efforts 作出努力5(教材 P12)The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们需要作出更大的努力。make an efforteffortse
42、very effort to do sth 努力做某事spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事with/without effort 费力地/毫不费力地返回目录 I will make every effort to achieve my goal.我将尽一切努力来实现我的目标。The workers are making efforts _(fulfill)this years plan.工人们正在努力完成今年的计划。They spared no effort _(finish)the task.他们不遗余力地完成了这项任务。He spoke in English
43、 _ effort.他费力地用英语说。to fulfillto finishwith返回目录【提示】表示“尽力做某事”的短语或句型还有：(1)try/do ones best to do sth(2)do all that one can to do sth(3)do what/whatever one can to do sth返回目录 figure n数字；人物；身材，体形；人影vt.计算；认为6(教材 P13)Complete the chart with figures from the passage.用文章中的数字完成下表。返回目录 写出下列句中 figure 的含义He has
44、an income of six figures._They figured it was better to stay where they were._He was one of the great figures in history._I could see a figure in the distance._She is always having a good figure._数字认为人物人影身材返回目录 keep ones figure 保持体形figure out 计算出；想出；理解figure on 指望；打算返回目录 She figured _ arriving in Ne
45、w York on Friday.她打算星期五抵达纽约。I cant figure _ why she said that.我想不通她为什么那么说。onout返回目录 句型解读1“主语beadj.动词不定式”结构However,in other regions of the world,eg.Eastern Europe,water is now mostly safe to drink.然而，在世界的其他地区，如东欧，现在的饮用水大多是安全的。返回目录 点拨：本句中的 water is now mostly safe to drink 为固定句型，本句型可概括为“主语beadj.动词不定式”
46、。不定式在此句型中用主动形式表示被动意义，常见于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如 easy,hard,difficult,interesting,comfortable 等。返回目录 This machine is very easy to operate.这台机器很容易操作。The piece of music is pleasant _(hear)这首乐曲听起来很悦耳。【提示】(1)在上面结构中，动词不定式和主语在逻辑上是动宾关系；当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要加适当的介词。(2)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语。to hear返回目录 Hes easy _(get)alon
47、g with.他很容易相处。The long sentence is difficult for you to remember.这个长句对你来说很难记。to get返回目录 2“Itbeadj.that 从句”结构These are among the five richest countries in the world,so it is right that they should do so.它们都属于世界上最富有的五个国家，所以它们这样做是合情合理的。点拨：本句中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语为 that 引导的主语从句，其句型为：Itbeadj.that 从句。常用的形容词有：tr
48、ue,possible,probable,likely,certain 等。返回目录 It is true that such a great project will do a great deal of good to us.毫无疑问，这样一个伟大的工程将给我们带来很大的好处。It _ he was absent.很明显他缺席了。was clear that返回目录【提示】that 从句作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，常见的 it 作形式主语的句型还有：(1)Itbe名词词组(no wonder,a pity,an honor,etc.)that 从句(2)Itbe过去分词(said,r
49、eported,thought,expected,etc.)that 从句返回目录 It is _ you have been here.很高兴你能来这里。It is _(say)that he has published another book.据说他出版了另一本书。a pleasure thatsaid返回目录 课末随堂演练.单词拼写1Many black children died of cold and _(饥饿)in Africa.2He was _(教育)at Cambridge University.3_(测量)the size of the board.4His _(目标)i
50、n life is to be a great scientist.5Some famous singers live on the _(收入)from their record sales.hungereducatedMeasuregoalincome返回目录 6With the _(发展)of the Internet,less communication is done by regular mail.7The above _(数字)did not include workers.8Youve moved the furniture aroundthe sofa is in a diff
51、erent _(位置)developmentfigureposition返回目录.选词填空measure,position,make sure,up to,make efforts,figure out,make progress,educate1It is _ you whether we should accept the present or not.2The present situation is very complex,so I think it will take me some time to _ its reality.3I was annoyed that I was b
52、ehind my classmates,so I _ to study hard.up tofigure outmade efforts返回目录 4Children need to be _ on the dangers of drug-taking.5He has _ very little _ this term.6Its hard _ his ability when we havent seen his work.7Whoever leaves the lab last,_ all the lights are turned off.8From their _ on the top of the TV Tower,visitors can have a better view of the city.educatedmadeprogressto measuremake sureposition