1、南宁市2014高考英语完形填空、阅读理解训练题（1）及答案阅读理解 在复习这一部分内容时首先要了解高考对阅读理解题的要求，由于江苏省高考是单独命题，所以既要关心英语课程标准又要参照江苏省普通高中英语课程教学要求（09年修订）和考试院对英语高考的具体说明。英语课程标准八级（普通高中毕业要求）在语言技能部分对“读”的目标描述是：能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；能识别不同文体的特征； 3. 能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；4. 能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品；5. 能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理； 6. 除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到30万词以上。 （排列次序应与
2、课标相同）高考对阅读理解的要求 （建议改为：江苏省考试院英语高考有关说明：） 要求考生能读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章。考生应能：理解主旨大意； 寻找具体信息； 3. 识别不同文体特征； 4. 根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义； 5. 作出简单的判断和推理；6. 理解文章的基本逻辑结构； 7. 把握作者的意图和态度；8. 理解文章的文化信息。 （注意具体文字和排列次序应与省高考说明相同，请核对一下。）专题一 事实细节一、题型特点与解题技巧尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答
3、题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换等来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：When / Where did the
4、story happen?Which of the following statements is (not) correct?Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true except 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表
5、等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：1.对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。2.词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考 生制造障碍。3.语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确
6、答案。4.正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：1.将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。2.把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已 发生的事情。 3.无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。4.偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会 误选。5.文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确
7、属原文中的一个细节， 这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。三、细节题的不同类型1.直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技 巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。 He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman （国会议员） from Baltimore During Bill Clintons presidency, he wrote
8、speeches for Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala and worked in a number of jobs in the White House and in governmental departments. President Clinton then appointed him to the office of director of speechwriting. Following the 2000 elections Edmonds returned to Morgan State University
9、as the schools special assistant to the president for 2001-2002. (2009陕西)46. Edmonds entered the world of politics first as _. A. news secretary for a congressman B. a speechwriter for President Clinton C. news secretary in the White House D. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala 2.间接信息题 做这类题目时
10、，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。例如：Kong Zi, also called Confucius (551-479B.C), and Socrates (469-399B.C)lived only a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that e
11、ach of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies. (2010江西)Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?A. Socrates and Confucious had much in common.B. Confucious had much influence on Socrates ideas.C. The societies
12、 were influenced by the philosophers ideas.D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece 3.数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 例如：（2010江苏） BORDERCROSSINGSWhil
13、e there are no restrictions on the amount of money that you can bring 金太阳新课标资源网across the border, you must report to both the US and Canadian border services amounts equal to or greater than $10.000.PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS（免税）ON PURCHASESAMERICANS RETURNING TO THE USLess than 48 hours: $ 200 US48 hours
14、or more: $ 800 US duty-free personal exemption. next $ 1.000 US at 3% Including up to 100 cigars and 100 cigarettes.CANADIANS RETURNING TO CANADALess than 24 hours: $ 50 CAN48 hours or more: $ 400 CAN Including up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes.7 days or more: $ 750 CAN Including up to 100 cigars
15、and 200 cigarettes.DOCUMENTATION NEEDED FORBORDER CROSSINGLAND OR SEA TO THE US(INCLUDING FERRIES)A valid passport or passport card, or a NEXUS card.(A NEXUS card is a Trusted Traveler Program that provides quick travel forpre-approved, low risk travelers through special lanes.)A recent Washington S
16、tate, New York or BC drivers license.Note: Children 15 years of age and younger require only a birth certificate orcopy.(Certified copies are not required but are advised.)AIR TRAVEL TO THE USA valid passport, an Air NEXUS card, or a U.S. Coast Guard MerchantMarine Document.64.If a Canadian who is o
17、n a 7-day trip to New York buys $ 800 CAN worth of goods, how much should he pay tax on when returning home?A. $ 800 CAN B. $750 CAN C.$ 400 CAN D. $ 50 CAN65.For an American citizen on a 2-day tour of Canada, how much tax does he have to pay on $ 1.600 US worth of purchases when returning to the US
18、?A. $ 24 US B. $ 48 US C. $52 US D. $ 200 US4.排列顺序题 这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。5.图表图画题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。 总之，做英语阅
19、读理解时，考生一定要每道题目都返回原文，这是解任何题目的基础，很多考生阅读得不了高分得最重要原因就是不返回原文定位。我们把选项和原文重叠，记住“本本主义”，即与原文意思接近的，差不多的为正确答案，与原文意思相反的，或者只要是文中未提及的都是错的In ancient Egypt ，the pharaoh(法老) treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the m
20、isfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.Shades of that spirit spread over today s conversations.Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked lightheartedly out the door，picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the
21、 sky and said, “Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it s going to rain.” I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his smile.Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus.As I breathlessly put my handful of cash ac
22、ross the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile, “Oh that bus left five minutes ago.” Dreams of headcutting!It s not the news that makes someone angry. It s the unsympathetic attitude with which it s delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning profession
23、als do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn t get the job takes on a sympathetic tone.Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.Unfortunat
24、ely, many people are not aware of this. When you are tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn t ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as traveler or diner want
25、to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning.Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, “Oh, that s all right. Ill cat
26、ch the next one. ”Big winners, when they bear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded (被轰炸的) person is sure to have.语篇解读当我们告诉别人不好的消息时，我们应该以同情的表情和语气来表达。1In Paragraph 1 ，the writer tells the story of the pharaoh to_.A. make a comparisonB. introduce a topicC. describe a scene D. offer an
27、 argument解析逻辑推理题。从第一段可知，作者用“法老的故事”来引出文章的话题，所以答案选B。答案B2In the writer s opinion, his neighbor was_.A. friendly B. warmheartedC. not considerate D. not helpful解析事实细节题。文章中第二段，作者的邻居高兴地向作者传达一个坏消息，他没有考虑作者的感受，由此可知作者的邻居很不会体贴人，考虑事情不周全。答案C3From “Dreams of headcutting！” ( Paragraph 3 ), we learn that the writer
28、_.A. was mad at the sales agentB. was reminded of the cruel pharaohC. wished that the sales agent would have bad dreamsD. dreamed of cutting the sales agent s head that night解析逻辑推理题。从文章第三段推断可知，作者对售票员的这种行为非常愤怒，所以答案选A。答案A4What is the main idea of the text?A. Delivering bad news properly is important i
29、n communication.B. Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.C. Receiving bad news requires great courage.D. Learning ancient traditions can be useful.解析主旨大意题。本文告诉我们“在日常交流中，当向别人传达坏消息时应该委婉地表达出来，以照顾到对方的感受，这在日常交流中是非常重要的”。由此可知答案为A项。答案A*结束每日一句In order to remain in existence, any insurance c
30、ompany must, in the long run, produce the goods that consumers consider useful and that enable them to reduce the loss.任何保险公司若要长期生存，都必须提供消费者认为有用的能减轻他们损失的产品。基础词汇强化练习1. Every one of us should try our best to help people with _.(伤残)2. The newcomers who arent familiar with their job need advice and _(帮助
31、).3. Li Hua was my only Chinese _(同伴)during my stay in Austria.4. He was _ (伤残) in the car accident.5. An English girl will feel _(窘迫) when you ask how old she is.6. You shouldnt _(嫉妒) him his success.7. The railway lines run p_ to the road, so they will never meet.8. Reading o_ most of my spare tim
32、e.9. By now, he has formed the h_ of doing some reading before going to bed.10. The r_ he gave for his c_ in the exam was simple.11. This song sounds f_ to me. I must have heard it sung somewhere before.12. Dont be shy. If you have some questions, you must be b_ enough to speak it out in public.13.
33、As a well-e_ person, its hard for us to imagine that she treat the boy with such _(残忍).参考答案1. disabilities2. assistance 3. companion4. disabled 5. embarrassed6. envy7. parallel8. occupied 9. habit 10. reason, cheat 11. familiar 12. brave 13. educated, cruelty书面表达经典句式强化记忆199. Its not /just like sb. t
34、o do sth.的行为不/正像某人的一贯作风.Its not like Jim to be late for class. He regards time as the most important thing in life. 上课迟到不像吉姆的一贯作风,他把时间看作是生命中最重要的.200. Its a bad habit to.是一个坏习惯.Its a bad habit to put off things until the last minute. 把事情拖到最后一刻才做是个坏习惯.201. Its a great pleasure to.(感到)非常愉快.Its a great
35、pleasure to do business with you. 跟你做生意我感到非常愉快.书面表达经典朗读素材欢迎新同学(Welcoming a New Comer)Dear Alice,It is a great pleasure to welcome you to our class.It is said that you have been studying in an English-Chinese bilingual school since your early years, so you speak both English and Chinese well. Therefo
36、re, I think you will surely keep pace withus classmates in your studies.Ours is an excellent class. All the classmates are united as one in whatever we do. All of us work hard at our studies, help each other in everything, and learn from each other the strong points.After you come to our class, we c
37、an learn from you in English studies. I hope you will help us with it. And we can help you in overcoming all the difficulties that you will meet.Let us get together for a common goal in our school life in the coming years. Meanwhile, if there is anything I can do for you, just let me know.Yours trul
38、y,Li Yang经典谚语积累Learn not and know not. 不学无术。高频考点拾贝完形填空系列顺势承接法。完形填空的某些空白前，有时会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所谓的“伏笔”或“铺垫”。优秀的学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或铺垫，对下文顺势进行判断和推测，心中往往能预想到答案，并且在阅读过程中对预想答案不断进行修正。I met Mrs.Neidl in the ninth grade on a stagedesign team for a play and she was one of the directors.Almost instantly I loved her.S
39、he had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking， 36 上下文之间是转折关系。她嗓音不好听，说话直接，但却能让人感觉受鼓舞。 she was encouraging and inspiring.For some reason，she was impressed with my work and me.Mrs.Neidl would ask me for my 37 .她常征求我的意见。词语复现，是下文opinions的原词复现。 She wanted to know how I thought为37题提供暗示。 we should
40、 38 怎样处理事情。 things.At first I had no idea how to answer为39题做铺垫。 because I knew 39 不知道怎么回答，原因是对舞台设计一窍不通。 about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her 40 .respond to“回答”，当然与questions搭配了。 It was cause and effect： She believed I had opinions，so I began to 41 她相信我有想法，那么我就开始在大脑中形成想法了。 them.She
41、 trusted为54题设伏。 me to complete things，so I completed them perfectly.She loved how 42 由上文的trusted me和下文的believed in me可知她觉得我十分可靠。 I was，so I began to show up to paint more and more.She believed in me，so I began to believe in为47题设伏。 myself.Mrs.Neidls 43 她的座右铭是。 that year was，“Try it.We can always pain
42、t over it 44 ！”尝试之后。 I began to take 45 .受她的激励，我开始冒险做以前害怕失败的事情。 I had been so afraid of failing为53题设伏。 but suddenly there was no failingonly things to be 46 improve upon固定搭配，“做得比更好，改进”。我不但没失败，事情反而做得更好了。 upon.I learned to dip my brush into the paint and 47 我学着把刷子蘸进染料中，自信地创作。 create something.The shy，
43、quiet freshman achieved success that year.I was 48由于我在这个项目中付出的时间和努力，我开始被认可。 in the program as “Student Art Assistant” because of the time and effort Id put in.It was that year that I 49 正是这一年，我意识到我要将我的余生投入到舞台设计中。 I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.Being on that stagedesign team
44、 50 与Mrs.Neidle一起在设计小组的这段日子彻底改变了我。 Mrs.Neidl changed me completely.Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought，but I also 51 我还发现我对舞台设计有浓厚的兴趣，一个我原来不知道存在的领域。 a strong interest and a world I hadnt known existed.She taught me not to 52 不要在乎别人怎样想。 what people think I should do.She taug
45、ht me to take chances为45题提供暗示。 and not be 53 .要敢于冒险，不要害怕。 Mrs.Neidl was my comforter when I was upset.Her 54 她对我的信任。词语复现，是前文trusted的原词复现。 in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined 55 .激励着我去做我原以为不可能的事情。 36A.and Byet Cso Dfor37A.opinion Bimpression Cinformation Dintention38A.make Bkeep
46、Chandle Dchange 39A.anything Bsomething Ceverything Dnothing40A.questions Bcomments Cexplanations Dremarks41A.hold Bfollow Cevaluate Dform42A.happy Blively Creliable Dpunctual43A.message Bmotto Csaying Dsuggestion44A.again Bmore Cinstead Dlater45A.steps Bcontrol Ccharge Drisks46A.improved Bacted Clo
47、oked Dreflected 47A.easily Bcarefully Cconfidently D proudly48A.introduced Brecognized Cidentified Dconsidered49A.confirmed Bdecided Crealized Dacknowledged50A.with Bbelow Cof Dby51A.developed Bdiscovered Ctook Dfostered52A.accept Bcare Cjudge Dwonder53A.bored Blazy Csad Dafraid54A.trust Bpatience C
48、curiosity Dinterest55A.accessible Benjoyable Cpossible Dfavorable 参考答案：36.B37.A38.C39.D40.A41.D42.C43.B44.D45.D46.A47.C48.B49.C50.A51.B52.B53.D54.A55.C错因分析：39,47,53,54题较容易做错，原因是考生没有注意到或忽略了前文给出的铺垫或伏笔。文章概述作为领导，要相信下属，信任下属的能力，这样会使下属增强信心，进而完成原以为不可能完成的工作任务。舞台设计小组的组长Mrs.Neidle对我这个新手很是信任，经常给予我鼓励，激发出了我对工作的兴趣
49、和灵感，让我变得更加自信、坚强和敢于冒险，并取得了意想不到的成绩。难点剖析was impressed with“对印象深刻；对满意”。cause and effect“有因就有果；因果”。competent“有能力的；能干的”。take chances“冒险”。长句注解Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought，but I also discovered a strong interest and a world I hadnt known existed.我不仅比预想的更坚强、更有能力，我还发现自己对舞台设计有着浓厚的兴趣，这是一个我原来不知道存在的领域。*结束