1、1congratulate vt.祝贺，恭喜 congratulation n祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺2tend vi.往往会；趋向 vt.照看 tendency n倾向，趋势3energy n能，能量；精力；能源 energetic adj.精力充沛的；积极的4injure vt.&vi.伤害，损伤injury n伤害，损伤5equip vt.装备，配备 equipment n设备；配备，装备1assume vt.假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.假定She would，he ass
2、umed，be home at the usual time.认为The court assumed responsibility for the girls welfare.承担This matter has assumed very importance.呈现2tend vi.往往会；趋向 vt.照看When Im tired，I tend to make mistakes.vi.往往会Prices have tended downwards over recent years.vi.趋向Doctors and nurses tended the injured.vt.照看3average
3、 n平均水平，平均数；一般水准 adj.平均的；普通的，一般的；典型的The average price of goods rose by just 2.2%.adj.平均的It takes an average of ten weeks for a house sale to be completed.n.平均值，平均数I was just an average sort of student.adj.一般的，普通的Forty hours is a fairly average working week for most people.adj.典型的Words and Phrases知识要点
4、1congratulation n祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺(教材P16)Congratulations! You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you! 祝贺你！你已经向一个全新的、完善的自己迈出了第一步！例Please give him my congratulations when you see him.请见到他时转达我的祝贺。 归纳拓展(1)a letter of congratulation贺信 Congratulations!祝贺/恭喜！offer/express ones congratulat
5、ions to sb.on sth.为某事向某人表示祝贺(2)congratulate vt.祝贺congratulate sb. on sth.为某事向某人祝贺即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Congratulate you on passing (pass) the driving exam.I got that job I wanted at the public library.Congratulations (congratulation)！Thats good news.He has passed the exam and Ill express my congratulations
6、 (congratulation) to him.Congratulations to you on your success in the English examination.恭喜你在英语考试中取得成功。明辨异同congratulate，celebratecongratulate意为“祝贺”，是用语言表达祝贺之意，其宾语是人；若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面用介词on连接，即congratulate sb.on sth.。celebrate意为“庆祝，庆贺”，指举行盛大、隆重的仪式来庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或事件。常用表示节日、胜利、成功等的名词作宾语。小片段填空An old couple is
7、 celebrating (celebrate) their 20th wedding anniversary.I think I should offer my congratulations (congratulation) to them，so I come up and congratulate them on their marriage.Much to my joy，they accepted my sincere congratulations (congratulation) happily.知识要点2assume vt.假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露(教材P1
8、6)Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind but what exactly are its health benefits? 大多数人认为经常锻炼对身心有奇效，但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢？例In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家有一个秘密的信息隐藏在作品中。归纳拓展(1)assume v假定；设想；承担；假装assum
9、e sb./sth.(to be)adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)It is assumed that.人们认为assuming (that).假设(2)assumption n.假定，假设on the assumption that.假定make an assumption做出臆断即学即练单句语法填空/ 完成句子Assuming/Assume(assume) that there are no other approaches，what should we do?They assumed her to be (be) the best female singer of their t
10、ime.Your argument is based on a completely false assumption (assume)It is assumed that this is the best possible solution.人们认为这可能是最佳的解决办法。知识要点3tend vi.往往会，倾向 vt.照看(教材P16)It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.事实也证明，经常运动的人往往有更好的
11、免疫系统，患病的风险较低。例We tend to meet up for lunch once a week.我们往往每周共进一次午餐。归纳拓展(1)tend to do.倾向于做tend towards sth.趋于，倾向于(2)tendency n.趋势，倾向性have a tendency to do.倾向于做(3)tend (to) sb.照料，照管即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I have a tendency (tend) to talk too much when Im nervous.Women tend to live(live)longer than men.Julia w
12、as tending (tend) to her sick mother at home.That was why she was absent from work.Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are.现在很多人在对传统不甚了解的情况下，还往往对传统夸夸其谈。知识要点4average n平均水平，一般水准 adj.平均的；典型的(教材P17)In general，you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours
13、 before exercising.一般来说，你应该在用餐平均1.5到2.5小时后再进行锻炼。例The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.家用电器的平均持有量从1992年的每户4件上升到2007年的每户13件。归纳拓展on average平均起来above/below (the) average在平均水平以上/以下 up to (the) average达到平均水平an average of.平均有(后跟数词)即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He is
14、working hard，so his grade is above the average in his class.On average，men smoke more cigarettes than women.The age of the candidates ranged from 20 to 45 with an average age of 37.We received 20 calls a day on average我们平均每天接到二十通电话。知识要点5make up for弥补，补偿(教材P17)Remember to drink throughout exercise to
15、 make up for water lost to sweat.记住运动时全程都要喝水，以弥补流汗所造成的水分流失。例Pay increases will not always make up for poor working conditions.工资的增长并不总能够弥补恶劣的工作环境之不足。 归纳拓展make up构成，组成；占；铺床；化妆；弥补；和解；编造be made up of由组成make it准时到达，获得成功make out分辨；理解，明白make a difference有影响，起作用即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I could just make out a figure
16、 in the darkness.Im sorry I wont be able to make itA good documentary should be made (make) up of many facts and information around one subject.She decided to work harder to make up for the lost time.她决定更加努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。知识要点6 (教材P17)To prevent soft tissue injury，make sure that you wear proper clothe
17、s and equipment when exercising.为防止软组织受伤，请确保锻炼时穿着合适的衣服和装备。(1)prevent vt.阻止，阻碍例We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happening.我们认识到了这种可能性，并且采取了一些预防措施。归纳拓展prevent.(from) doing sth.阻止做某事与这种结构相似的有：stop.from (doing).制止keep.from (doing).阻止protect.from/against (doing).保护免受伤害名师点津短语prev
18、ent/stop/protect.from.中的from可以省略，keep.from.中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中，from均不可省略。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子No one can prevent this plan from being carried(carry) out.Soldiers have been sent to protect the crew against/from attack.Lynns parents tried to keep her from seeing(see) him.They were stopped/ prevented/ kept fr
19、om entering the burning building.他们被阻止进入燃烧着的大楼。(2)equipment n设备；配备，装备例What kind of equipment should you use?你应该使用哪种设备呢？归纳拓展(1)equipment nU设备；装备a piece of equipment一件设备(2)equip vt.装备；使有能力equip.with.用装备equip sb.for (doing) sth.使某人为(做)某事而准备，使某人具备做某事的条件即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子You must try to equip yourself with
20、enough knowledge.We must equip young teachers to deal(deal) with difficult children.Equipped (equip) with some tools，the farmers walked into the mountain.As we all know，parents all hope their children will be better equipped for their future careers.众所周知，父母们都希望他们的孩子能为未来的职业生涯做好准备。小片段填空The course is d
21、esigned to equip students for going camping，so the boys equipped themselves with food and water and then set off. Equipped (equip) with some modern equipment (equip)，the boys headed for the forest happily.知识要点7lack n缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vt.&vi.没有，缺乏；不足，短缺(教材P19)Others work out for hours at the weekend to make u
22、p for their lack of exercise during the weekdays.其他人周末锻炼好几个小时来弥补他们在工作日缺乏的锻炼。例He said there was no lack of things for them to talk about.他说他们不缺话题谈。归纳拓展(1)for lack of由于缺少(2)be lacking in缺少(3)lack (for) sth.没有，缺少即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The boy didnt go to school for lack of money.Lacking (lack) in money，the boy
23、 didnt go to school.The boy didnt go to school because of lack of money.Despite his lack of experience，he got the job.尽管缺乏经验，他还是得到了那份工作。Sentence Patterns重点句式1to do.作后置定语(教材P17)When you plan an exercise routine，the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency，muscl
24、e strength or flexibility.制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善，是心肺功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。句式分析：句中不定式to consider作定语，修饰the first thing，与the first thing之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。例1Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize.屠呦呦是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。例2He is among the best students to
25、do the experiment.他是做这个实验最好的学生之一。归纳拓展(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next，the only，the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况还有：被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词时。抽象名词time，way，ability，reason，chance，courage，opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子If I have any fu
26、rther news，you will be the first person to know (know)The ability to express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.I had a chance to visit (visit) the Great Wall last month.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.它是赢得所有这三项大奖的第一部戏剧。He is always the last one to come
27、 every day.他每天总是最后一个来。The next thing to do is to relax yourself completely.下一步要做的事情是完全放松你自己。重点句式2of抽象名词(教材P17)When to eat is also of great importance何时吃饭也很重要。句式分析： “of 抽象名词形容词”可用于说明主语的性质。常见的有use，value，help，importance等。例1I regard this as of great importance.我认为这个具有重要意义。例2The work I am doing is not of
28、 much value.我做的工作没有什么价值。归纳拓展(1)为了强调某种抽象的含义，在抽象名词前面可用little，some，no，great，much等修饰。(2)of后可接age，color，size，height，opinion等名词，表示主语的类别特征，名词前一般加不定冠词或the same。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子This invention is of great value to mankind.His speech is of little significance (significant)I dont want to hear what you are saying
29、.It is of no interest to me. They are of great help/very helpful to learners of English.他们对英语学习者有很大帮助。The Nobel Prize is of great importance to Chinese medicine.诺贝尔奖对中国医学很重要。The two boxes are of a size这两个箱子一般大。1(教材P16)Some studies even show that exercise improves certain brain functions，meaning you
30、could actually exercise your way to better performance at school!分析此句为主从复合句。句中show后面的that引导宾语从句，其中meaning you could actually exercise your way to better performance at school为现在分词短语作状语， 而且meaning后也是省略了连词that的宾语从句。译文一些研究甚至表明锻炼会改善大脑的某些功能，这意味着你确实可以通过锻炼来提高学业成绩！2(教材P17)When you plan an exercise routine，t
31、he first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency，muscle strength or flexibility.分析此句为主从复合句。其中，when引导时间状语从句；what引导表语从句。译文制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善，是心肺功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。教材高考1.It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower
32、risk of diseases.(2020浙江卷)And they tended to lose cognitive (认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs.2.In general，you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising.(2020江苏卷)On the other hand，they burned slightly more calories (卡
33、路里)，on average，during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.3.To prevent soft tissue injury，make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.(2020新高考卷)Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.4.Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their l
34、ack of exercise during the weekdays.(2020江苏卷)Their lack of exercise led to overweight.单句语法填空1It is assumed (assume) that stress is caused by too much work.2The club also offers its congratulations (congratulation) to Dr.Brown on her appointment as president.3There is a tendency (tend) for this disea
35、se to run in families.4Keeping a proper balance between study and rest keeps us energetic (energy)5Try stretching (stretch) your legs and pulling your toes upwards.6We dont find anything of value in your information.7We should try our best to make up for our loss.8She felt nervous，lacking (lack) in
36、confidence about herself.9She has had a number of different jobs，ranging(range) from chef to swimming instructor.10The situation in that country should be prevented(prevent) from becoming worse.短语填空do wonders; stick with; on average; make up for; over the long term; to start with; in general; above
37、all; keep up; play a role in1English plays a role in the international communication.2The sleeping time for Senior 3 students is about six hours or so per day on average3Work harder to make up for the time wasted in the past.4Eight glasses of water per day can do wonders5If the tool works well，then
38、stick with it.6But anyway，we should make efforts to start with7Never waste anything，and above all never waste time.8If they were positive，congratulate yourself and keep up the good work.9Over the long term，this policy will benefit the common people.10I think we need to improve our educational system
39、 in general.课文语法填空Regular exercise 1.does(do) wonders for peoples physical and mental health.It can increase the 2.efficiency(efficient) of your heart and lungs.It tends 3.to improve(improve) your immune systems.4.Moreover，it helps you reduce stress and negative feelings.When planning an exercise ro
40、utine，it is wise of you to consider first 5.what youd like to improve，such as heart and lung efficiency，muscle strength or flexibility.Then choose activities you enjoy and stick with them.However，thats not enough.You should eat right and prevent 6.injury(injure)Eat foods 7.containing(contain) carboh
41、ydrates to keep up your energy.Eat foods rich in protein to help to recover and repair your muscles.But dont eat 8.immediately(immediate) after exercise.You should drink throughout exercise to make up 9.for water lost to sweat.Last but not least，10.wearing(wear) proper clothes and equipment is necessary for exercise.You should also start small and slowly form your regular exercise routine.