1、高考状元英语笔记记叙文高级词汇1.on ones way to 在某人去某地的途中2.do a good deed 做一件好事3.be thankful to sb. for sth. 因某事而感谢某人4.throw off ones clothes 匆忙脱掉衣服5.be too frightened to move 吓呆了6.struggle 挣扎7.pay a visit to 参观8.be about to do sth. ,when 正准备突然 I was about to go home, when I heard someone crying for help.9.learn a
2、lesson from 从中吸取教训10.teach sb. a lesson 给某人以教训11.keep the lesson in mind 把教训牢记在心中12.make up ones mind 下定决心13.cause a loss of 造成损失eg. This terrible fire caused a loss of one million14.with the sun setting down 随着夕阳西下eg. With the sun setting down, we went home happily.15.say goodbye to 向告别16.forger th
3、e passing of the time 忘了时间的推移eg. We worked so attentively that we forgot the passing of the time.17.be lost in 沉溺于eg. He was lost in his work so that he didnt notice a car coming.18.just at that time 就在那时19.before long 不久 Before long, the fire was put out.20.return to normal 恢复正常eg. Soon everything
4、returned to normal.*Our school lies where there used to be a church.我们学校位于过去是一座教堂的地方。议论文高级词汇1.do good to 给带来好处2.do harm to 给带来危害3.hold a view 持有一个观点eg. Many people hold a view that it is no use promising without doing.4.a waste of 一种浪费eg. Playing computer games too long is a waste of time.5.have an
5、effect on 对产生影响6.advantages and disadvantages 优势和劣势7.be crazy about 对狂热8.be lost in 沉溺于eg. Dont be lost in reading novels any longer.9.to ones surprise 令人惊讶的是10.result in 导致eg. Carelessness can result in a traffic accident.*I consider him a great hero. 我把他看成一个大英雄。说明文高级词汇1.be high/rich in 含有丰富的eg. As
6、 we all know, apples are high/rich in sugar.2.have an advantage over 比有优势eg. Taking a train has an advantage over taking a plane.3.be similar to 与相似4.be popular with 受欢迎eg. The food is especially popular with children.5.contain 包含，容纳6.differ from 与不同eg. Oranges differ from any other fruit.7.tasty, d
7、elicious 美味的，可口的8.be made from/of 由制成，成品中看不出/看得出原材料9.convenient 方便的 attractive 有吸引力的 fascinating 令人着迷的10.recommend 推荐eg. Now, I would like to recommend a very good English-Chinese dictionary to you.11.of great value 很有价值12.be worth doing sth. 值得做某事eg. These products are well worth buying.13.of high
8、quality 质量高14.not only.but also 不但而且15.do good to 给带来好处eg. Often eating this kind of food does good to our health.16.be good for 对有好处eg. Taking this kind of medicine is good for improving our memory.*Who has won the election will soon be announced.即将宣布谁赢得了这次大选。*I dont think it surprising that he has
9、 refused her invitation.我对他拒绝了她的邀请并不感到奇怪。*The news that there is going to be a wonderful concert this evening has spread.今天晚上将有一场精彩的音乐会的消息传开了。人物介绍文高级词汇1.be ready to do sth. 乐意做某事eg. I know that she is always ready to help others.2.fasionable 时尚的 humorous 幽默的 gentle 文雅的3.such is 这就是（用于对人物介绍作总结）eg. Su
10、ch is our English teacher, a kind and hardworking man.4.be elected a model 被选为模范eg. His mother is often elected a model worker.5.be deeply respected and loved 深受人们尊敬和爱戴6.win great honor for为赢得巨大荣誉7.break/keep the record of 打破/保持纪录8.set a new record 创造新纪录*As you can imagine, it is very difficult to l
11、earn math. I stayed at her home for a week, during which time I discussed many problem with her. This is the girl without whom I couldnt have won the big prize. This is the boy with whose sister I have already worked for ten years.我和他的姐姐已经一起工作了10年。地点介绍类高级词汇1.lie in the center of 位于的中心2.such as 诸如3.l
12、ie in the east/west/south/north of 位于的东/西/南/北部4.lie (to)/on the east/west/south/north of 位于的东/西/南/北边两地(不)接壤5.cover on area of 覆盖的面积eg. Our city covers an area of 10000 square kilometers.6.have a population of 有人口7.be high/rich in 含有丰富的eg. This small country is high/rich in natural resources.8.a with
13、 green hills and beautiful rivers eg. This is a village with green hills and beautiful rivers.9.be famous/well-known for 因出名eg. As we all know, Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.*So long as you get there in time, you can see him.只要你及时赶到那里，你就能看到他。 I put a bookmark where I had a question.我在有问题的地方放了
14、一张书签。 Our school lies where there used to be a church.过去在我们学校所在的地方有一座教堂。英文交友信高级词汇1.make friends with 与交朋友2.be able to 能够3.be thirsty for 渴望eg. Im thirsty for a chance to chat with you face to face.4.have a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事5.help each other 互相帮助6.understand each other 互相理解7.get relaxed 放松8.lo
15、ok forward to 希望eg. Im looking forward to visiting your country as soon as possible.9.forever 永远 value 珍惜eg. To tell you the truth, I value our friend10.treasure ones friendship 珍惜的友谊eg. Ill treasure our friendship and consider it as my property.11.close friends 亲密的朋友12.hear from 收到的来信13.work out 锻炼
16、 exercise 锻炼eg. We can often work out in the stadium.*With the sun setting down, we went home.夕阳西下时我们回家了。 Her coming late to school annoyed her teacher.她上课迟到让老师感到很恼火。求职信高级词汇1.apply for 申请2.hold an important position in 在占据重要位置eg. Tom used to hold an important position in this company.3.be admitted i
17、nto 被录取4.e-mail sb. at 按地址给某人发电子邮件eg. Please e-mail me at Redstarhotel5.in addition 此外6.experienced 有经验的 promising 有希望的7.since my graduation/graduating from 自从我从毕业以来8.be accepted 被接受9.reach/realize/accomplish ones dream/aim/goal 实现理想/目标求助信高级词汇1.challenge 挑战2.facing 面临（常置于句首作状语）eg. Facing so much pre
18、ssure, she didnt know what to do.3.faced with 面临（常置于句首作状语）eg. Faced with so much pressure, she could hardly stand it.4.beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事5.beg sb. of sth. 恳求某人提供某物eg. Can I beg you of your help?6.beg sb. for sth. 向某人恳求某物7.average 一般的8.follow ones advice 采纳某人的建议eg. Ill follow your advice and
19、try to do my work well.9.make progress 取得进步eg. Im sure with your help Ill make greater progress in my English study.10.have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难eg. I have much difficulty in my English study.11.have trouble in doing sth. 做某事很费力12.take trouble to do sth. 费力地做某事eg. I usually take trouble to
20、 understand the text.13.help sb. out of difficulty 帮助某人摆脱困境14.would like sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事调查报告高级词汇1.make up 占eg. The smokers make up half of the total number of the workers.pared with 和相比eg. Compared with boys, girls are easier to become fat.3.increase 上升 decrease 下降eg. The number of the student
21、s who often play computer games is increasing.4.go up 上升 drop down 下降eg. Recently the temperature here has been going up.5.a quarter of 四分之一 three quarters of 四分之三eg. A quarter of the villagers have grown rich on selling vegetables.6.times asas 是的倍eg. This year they have produced three times as many
22、 cars as they did last year.7.times higher/longer than 比高/长倍eg. This bridge is three times longer than that one.8.take place 发生eg. In recent years great changes have taken place in the village.9.take on a new look 呈现新面貌eg. Now, the town takes a new look.10.as many/high/long as+数词 多/高/长达eg. As many a
23、s ten students are late today.11.more or less 大约eg. There are sixty students more or less in this class.12.with the development of 随着的发展eg. With the development of industry and agriculture, this town will become more and more beautiful.倒装句1)never, seldom, hardly, not until, only+状语，not only+分句，no so
24、oner, so/such+主句，neither, nor等置于句首时应使用部分倒装，即把系动词be，助动词，情态动词提至主语前，或在主语前加相应的助动词。eg. Never have I been to Beijing before. Not only does he study hard but also he is kind.2)here, there, in, out, up, down, away等介词，副词及有些表示地点的成分置于句首时应使用全部倒装，即把动词直接提至主语前。eg. Hearing the strange noise, out rushed the boy. To
25、the east of the hill lie two cities.3)as引导让步状语从句时将表语，副词等提到as前。eg. Cold as it was, they went on with their work.倍数表达法1)A times as as B A是B的倍eg. The mountain is five times as high as that one.2)A times+比较级+than B A比B倍eg. The bridge is three times longer than that one.3)A times+the+名词+of B A的是B的倍eg. Th
26、e earth is about 49times the size of the moon.省略句若时间状语从句，条件状语从句和方式状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或从句的主语为it，常省略从句的主语和部分谓语。eg. If necessary, Ill do everything for you. While waiting for a bus, I had a long talk with him.过渡性词汇的使用1.表因果关系 as a result（结果）, thanks to（多亏了）eg. It snowed heavily and as a result our plan ha
27、d to change. Thanks to the firemens timely arrival, the big fire was put out very quickly.2.表递进关系 whats more（更何况，表肯定）, besides（更何况，表肯定）, whats worse（更糟糕的是，表否定）eg. Im sure you can win the big prize, because your performance is always very good; whats more, you are so famous. The girl was very sad, be
28、cause she lost her wallet; whats worse, she has just been criticized by her teacher.3.表著名观点 as we all know（众所周知）, as is known to all（众所周知）4.表各人观点 as far as I know（就我所知的而言）, as far as I am concerned（就我所知的而言）, in my opinion（依我看）, in the opinion of me（依我之见）, in the eyes of me（在我看来）5.表并列观点 at the same t
29、ime（与此同时）, (in the) meanwhile（与此同时）6.表客观规律 generally speaking（一般来说）, in general（一般来说）, all in all（总的来说）7.表总结 in a word（总之）, altogether（总之）eg. She is kind; she is diligent; she is clever. Altogether, she is a good girl.8.表情绪 to ones joy（令某人高兴的是）, to ones surprise（令某人惊讶的是）, to ones disappointment（令某人失
30、望的是）, to ones pride（令某人自豪的是）, to ones satisfaction（令某人满意的是）, to ones horror（令某人惊恐的是）9.表转折关系 however（然而，无论如何）, nevertheless（然而，不过）eg. There was no news; nevertheless, she went on hoping.10.表顺序 first（第一，首先）, second（第二）, then（然后）, at last（最后）, in the end（最后）eg. At first I thought it difficult to learn
31、English, but in the end I changed my mind.常用的过渡性词语（组）1.时间：first, second, then, after that, next, afterward, finally, in the end, at last, meanwhile, later on, soon2.空间：near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on the right,3.对比：like, unlike, while, on the other hand, on the contrary, instea
32、d of, Instead4.转折：but, however, yet, nevertheless, otherwise, unfortunately/fortunately, suddenly, all of a sudden, in spite of this, actually, in fact, as a matter of fact5.因果：For one thing, For another thing, because, because of, thanks to, due to, on account of, now that, therefore, so, that, wit
33、h the help of6.递进：besides, Whats more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, not only but also, above all, Whats worse, Worse still, to make things worse7.并列：and, as well as, also, neither nor8.条件：if, as long as, on condition that, in case（以防）eg. Children dont care about mess or dust as long as they f
34、eel they are loved.孩子们只要觉得自己受到疼爱，就不在乎脏乱或灰尘。9.比较：than, as as, the more the more , compared with10.目的：so that, in order that, so as to, in order to11.结果：so that, as a result, therefore, thus, to my surprise/delight/dismay12.让步：though, although, even if/though, in spite of, despite that13.选择：either or
35、, or , whether or 14.结论：in a word, in other words, in short, in brief, in general, on the whole, as a whole, to sum up, to conclude15.观点：in my opinion, in my eyes, I think, Im sure, as far as I am concerned, to my mind, Personally, Frankly speaking16.举例：for example, for instance, such as17.承接：On one
36、 hand, On the other hand, in this way, by doing this18.段落：As far as is concerned, As the saying goes, As might have been excepted, As was 高二下 第一节 语法和词汇知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。21. By the year 1889, there were just 541 bison in the whole of North America. A. leaving alive B.
37、 to leave alive C. to be left alive D. left alive22. money, people usually tend to spend more than they have to. A. In the eyes of B. Regardless of C. In terms of D. In place of23. From this day , I will be more careful when crossing the street. A. onwards B. backwards C. afterwards D. forwards24. -
38、I failed in the driving test. -Dont be so disappointed. , youll have one more chance of trying it. A. At all B. After all C. In all D. Above all25. by the beauty of the countryside, the old couple decided to stay another week on the farm. A. Being attracted B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having
39、attracted26. Instead, it seems that creative thinking is a (n) of habits. A. affair B. business C. matter D. problem27. Is this a book on farming? If so, I want to borrow . A. this B. one C. it D. the one28. The square box has a door, there are some buttons. A. beside it B. beside which C. beside th
40、at D. beside what29. Youd better carry a(n) tyre in the back of your car in case it breaks down on the way. A. extra B. free C. convenient D. spare30. The law of Venice says if anyone tries to kill or murder any citizen of Venice, everything that he owns be taken away from him. A. shall B. can C. mu
41、st D. may31. Mr Cooper wanted to buy the house and he told me that the house cost, it would be it. A. however; worth B. whatever; worth C. how much; worthy D. what; worthy of32. Maybe it is time for the rest of society to the fact I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do
42、. A. adjust to; that B. get used to; that while C. adapt to; while D. go about; that while33. Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer deaths; , it is our duty to master it. A. thus B. therefore C. otherwise D. however34. At the 2003 Special Olympics in Ireland, more than 6,500 athletes
43、from over 150 countries . A. participated B. joined C. benefited D. relied35. I think it was a bit boring to work here because there wasnt always much to do. A. such B. that C. more D. very第二节 完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5,满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning?
44、 Do you sometimes oversleep? Are you often late for work or school? Yes? The Hiroyuki Sugiyama of Japan has a(n) 36 bed for you. Hiroyukis bed will 37 you up in the morning! Here is how it 38 . The bed 39 an alarm Clock. First, the alarm clock rings. You have a few minutes to wake up. Next, a tape r
45、ecorder in the bed plays 40 music or other pleasant sounds. The tape recorder in Hiroyukis bed plays a recording of his girlfriend. She whispers in a sweet 41 , Wake up, darling, please. A few minutes later, a second recording 42 The sound recording can be loud music or 43 sounds. Hiroyuki hears a r
46、ecording of his boss. His boss 44 , Wake up immediately, 45 youll be late! If you dont get up 46 the second recording, you 47 be sonly! A mechanical foot is in the bed. The mechanical foot kicks you in the head. Then the bed waits a few 48 minutes. What ! Youre 49 in bed! Slowly the 50 of the bed ri
47、ses higher and higher. The foot of the bed goes lower and lower. 51 , the bed is vertical(垂直的). You slide off the bed and onto the floor. You are out of bed and become 52 . Hiroyuki made his bed because he wanted to 53 a contest. He works for Honda Motor Company. Every two years Honda has a contest
48、for its 200,000 employees- All Honda Idea Contest. The employees think of new 54 . If their ideas win, the employees win 55 . Hiroyuki Sugiyama won one of the top prizes for his bed.36. A. expensive B. special C. valuable D. comfortable37. A. get B. catch C. make D. let38. A. works B. runs C. happen
49、s D. moves39. A. is separated fromB. is made up of C. is connected to D. is made into40. A. loud B. classical C. pop D. soft41. A. sound B. voice C. noise D. way42. A. sends B. turns C. plays D. appears43. A. pleasant B. interesting C. unpleasant D. funny44. A. shouts B. calls C. whispers D. persuad
50、es45. A. and B. but C. so D. or46. A. before B. until C. since D. after47. A. can B. will C. may D. would48. A. other B. another C. more D. one49. A. still B. yet C. already D. even50. A. end B. middle C. body D. top51. A. However B. Finally C. Therefore D. otherwise52. A. angry B. asleep C. happy D
51、. awake53. A. achieve B. win C. gain D. defeat54. A. ideas B. problems C. facts D. ways55. A. praises B. positions C. prizes D. medals第三部分 阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AWhats on TV?6 : 00 Lets Talk ! Guest: Animal expert Jim Porter CartoonsNews7:00 Cooking with CathyToni
52、ght: Chicken with mushrooms Movie A Laugh a Minute(1955)James Rayburn Spin for Dollars！ Farm Report7 :30 Double Trouble (comedy)The twins disrupt the high school dance. Wall Street Today: Stock Market Report8:00 NBA Basketball. Teams to be announced Movie At Days End (1981)Michael Collier, Juie Rome
53、rDrama set in World War News SpecialSaving Our Waterways:Pollution in the Mississippi”56. If you were a housewife, which program would probably interest you most? A. Lets Talk! B. Wall Street Today. C. Cooking with Cathy. D. Farm Report.57. If youd like to watch a game show, you could turn on the TV
54、 to A. Channel 5 at 6: 00 B. Channel 8 at 7 : 00 C. Channel 3 at 7 : 30 D. Channel 3 at 8 : 0058. Which is most probably the News Channel? A. 3. B. 5. C. 8. D. 9.B I was being interviewed by a senior manager for a big company. I told him honestly that the principal reason that I was interviewing wit
55、h them was my need to keep my family in Boston. My wife had recently died of a heart attack. A job in Boston would help me reduce some pain for my 16-year-old daughter and me. It was important to me to keep her present high school. Bruce, the interviewer, was politely kind, but he didnt search any f
56、urther. He acknowledged(承认) my loss and, with great respect, moved on to another subject. After the next round of interviews, Bruce took me to lunch with another manager. Then he asked me to take a walk with him. He told me that he had lost his wife. And, like me, he had also been married 20 years a
57、nd had 3 children. I realized that he had experienced the same pain as I had and it was almost impossible to explain to someone who had not lost a loved one. He offered his business card and home phone number and suggested that, should I need help or just want someone to talk to, I should feel free
58、to give him a call. Whether I got the job or not, he wanted me to know that he was there if I ever needed help. From that one act of kindness, when he had no idea if we could ever see each other again, he helped our family deal with one of lifes greatest losses. He turned the normally cold business
59、interview process into an act of earing and supporting for another person in a time of extreme need.59. According to the passage, the interviewer, Bruce, was very . A. generous B. kind C. happy D. mean60. The underlined word principal in the first paragraph probably means . A. main B. unimportant C.
60、 necessary D. possible61. We can infer from this passage that . A. the writer didnt get the job in the company B. Bruce made the writer pass the interview C. another manager also lost his wife D. the business interview was cold62. Which of the following statement is NOT true? A. The writers daughter
61、 was studying in Boston at that time. B. Both the writer and the interviewer experienced the same pain. C. Bruce was a senior manager of a big firm. D. Bruce wanted to make Mends with him because he gave him his business card and home phone number.C One would have to be a fool to overlook the import
62、ance of using positive thinking for you rather than snowing negative thinking to work against you. In recent years, research in psychopharmacology(精神药理学) has proved what many people have known over the centuries: a positive attitude is good for you, good for your health, good for your wealth, good f
63、or everything. Researchers have found that a positive attitude produces a specific chemical reaction which makes people feel better, while negative thinking results in a reduction of hormone(荷尔蒙) and shuts down the immune system. This leads to illness and depression. Positive thoughts will make you
64、feel better. Even ifyou must begin by forcing yourself to be positive, it will become contagious and the positive thoughts will produce nice little chemicals and good feelings which will reinforce the positive thoughts. For example, if you force yourself to smile or laugh, even when you dont feel li
65、ke smiling or laughing, if you keep at it for a few minutes, you will soon feel like it. Feelings can make thoughts alive, and thoughts can do it, too. Control your thoughts and you can control your feelings. Positive thinking is important in all aspects of our lives. There is probably no single fac
66、tor more important in determining your success in achieving your career purposes than your own attitude. Its often been said that in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. And in the office of militant(好战的) negativism, the positive workers shine like gold. You cannot control external event
67、s, but you can learn to control your reaction to those events and thereby have a positive attitude and be happy. This important key to success is totally within your control. Use it.63. We can infer from the passage that . A. positive thinking can cure you of your diseases B. positive thinking can e
68、asily be generated by anyone C. a reduction of hormone may cause you to be depressed D. a specific chemical reaction is the cause of negative thinking 64. According to the passage, which of the following is true? A. Feeling and thoughts can react to each other. B. Its easier to control thoughts than
69、 to control feelings. C. Your success depends wholly on your attitude. D. Keeping smiling will surely make you successful. 65.Just like a one-eyed man in the land of the blind, you should . A. take positive attitude in the office of militant negativism B. be kind in your office C. pay no attention t
70、o what is going on around you D. control your feeling to what is happening to you 66.The best title to the passage is . A. Thinking Benefits People B. Why Should People Think C. Positive Thinking and Negative Thinking D. Thinking: The Important WayD What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways
71、 or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is No. It is not a tool a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing h
72、ow to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further: he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his question into a large set of ideas about how the world works. The scientists knowledge must be exact. There is no room for h
73、alf right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any change the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained b
74、y the change in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einsteins ideas are shown to b
75、e correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations. 67. .knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The author says this to show . A. the importance of info
76、rmation B. the difference between carpenters and ordinary people C. the difference between scientists and ordinary people D. the importance of thinking 68. A sound scientific theory should be one that . A. works under one set of conditions at any time B. leaves no room for improvement C. does not al
77、low any change even under different conditions D. can be used for many purposes69. Which of the following statements is NOT tree? A. What works under one set of conditions at one time might work under the same conditions at other times. B. Tools which a scientist uses for measurements are used to ma
78、ke mathematical calculations that may test his investigations. C. A scientist should know more about other branches of knowledge to arrive in his achievement. D. Knowing how to investigate, how to discover information is important to scientists.70. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Scientists
79、 are different from the ordinary people. B. The theory of relativity. C. Exactness is the secret of science. D. Exactness and way of using tools is the key to the making of a scientist.E Language is a major problem for the European Union (EU). The agreement or treaty(条约) which created the organizati
80、on that eventually became the EU, the Treaty of Rome, stated that each countrys language must be treated equally. The original(原来的) six countries had only three languages between them: French, German and Dutch/Flemish. However, there are now 15 countries in the EU, with a total of 12 languages. EU d
81、ocuments must be translated into all these languages, and at official meetings the speeches must be translated into all the languages by interpreters. All this translating is very expensive and time-consuming (费时的). It is said that nearly half of all employees of the EU are engaged in translating do
82、cuments and speeches, and nearly half of the EUs administrative(管理方面的) costs are spent on this task. In the near future it is probable that several morecountries, most of them having their own languages, will join the EU, thus making the situation even worse. The problem is not just cost; there are
83、practical difficulties as well. With 12 languages, there are 132 possible translation situations that might be needed. It is often difficult to find people in the right place at the right time who can translate from (for example) Danish into Greek, or Dutch into Portuguese, at a high professional st
84、andard. In practice the problem has been made less severe by the use of English in many contacts between EU officials, since almost all of them speak some English. However, any move to reduce the number of official languages (perhaps to four or five) would be a blow to the pride of the smaller Count
85、ries. Another commonly suggested solution is to make English the official language for all EU business. However, this is strongly resisted by powerful member countries like France and Germany.71. The organization that eventually became the EU . A. was started by France and Germany B. started with th
86、ree countries C. was set up by the Treaty of Rome D. included 132 languages72. Whats the main purpose of this passage? A. To give a solution to a problem. B. To find out a problem and show how severe it is. C. To criticize the European Union for inefficiency. D. To show that the problem cannot be so
87、lved.73. According to the writer, the use of English in contacts among EU officials has . A. angered the officials who dont speak English B. reduced the number of official languages C. reduced the effect of the problem D. been opposed by powerful member countries74. The writer mentions Danish into G
88、reek as an example of . A. a situation that might be difficult to deal with B. a situation that occurs often C. one of the 12 situations that requires an interpreter D. languages easily being interpreted75. The writer suggests that if the number of official languages was reduced . A. the EU would no
89、t know which official languages to choose B. countries whose languages were not used officially would be unhappy C. only languages which are easy to translate would be used officially D. the smaller member countries would be pleased第二卷 （两部分，35分)第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分 10分) 此题要求改正所给
90、短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断，如无错误，则在该行右边横线上画一个勾（）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行右边的横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词；在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），在该行右边的横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在错的词下画一条横线，在该行右边的横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改。 I have a good friend whos name is Li Ying. She is our 76. monitor and one of the excellent student in our
91、class. 77. Clever as she is, but she works very hard. We have a 78. lot on common and have a lot to talk about. One evening 79. she told me that something happened when her parents was 80. out. She was doing her homework one Sunday morning 81. when she smell something burnt. She stopped to look out
92、82. of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out 83. of her neighbors house. She called 119 immediate. Ten 84. minutes later, firemen came and put out fire. Her neighbor 85. was very thankful for her help.第二节 书面表达（满分25分）目前，学校有在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinat
93、ions”。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。主要原因考试偏多、偏难不用功、 懒惰取悦父母、老师个人看法作弊不对，违反校规要诚实，努力学习（其他看法）注意：1.短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥2.短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数：3.词数：100左右。4.参考词汇：作弊 cheat v .My Opinion on Cheating in ExaminationsIt is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school. 高二下学期期末考试英语试题 1-5 BCCCB 6-10 ABCCA11-1
94、5 BACBC 16-20 CAACA21-25 DCABB 26-30 CCBDA31-35 BBBAB 36-40 BAACD41-45 BCCAD 46-50 DBCAD51-55 BDBAC 56-60 CDDBA61-65 ADCAA 66-70 CCAAD71-75 CBCAB76. whos whose 77. student students 78. 去掉but 79. on in 80. was were 81. 82. burnt burning 83. find found 84. immediate immediately 85. fire the fireOne po
95、ssible version:My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school. As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. And some of us are lazy and dont work hard at
96、 their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers. In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard
97、 instead of cheating in examinations. Whats more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations. 19.定语从句讲解2008-12-12 15:44作者： 点击： 34091页面功能 【字体：大 小】【评论】【告诉好友】【打印此文】【关闭窗口】 ?一、详细的定语从句讲解? 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因
98、状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。 一、 限定性定语从句? 1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置? 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢? 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词
99、的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略? 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语? 5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句? 6. when引导定语从句表示时间? 注值得一提的是，表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导? By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks
100、.? I still remember the first time I met her.? Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.? 7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格? 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用ther
101、e is来引导二、非限定性定语从句：? 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立? 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分? 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which? Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have chan
102、ged. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。? I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。? We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。? 3. 有时as也可用作关系代词? 4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物三、定语从句结构错误? 1. 缺关系词? 2. 从句中缺成分? 摘自简明英语
103、语法? 在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：? 限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：? Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located . ? 为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，
104、热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。 ? Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. ? 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。 ? They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. ? 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。? 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点，隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉
105、，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。 例如：? Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy . ? （此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行
106、补充、说明。） 更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。 ? The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center . ? （此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satell
107、ites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为： ? The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。 ? The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plan
108、ts to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。 ? The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是：这位老人只有一个儿子 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句： ? The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了：这位老人
109、有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。二、定语从句用法详细讲解 ? 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。三、初中定语从句的讲解与练习 ? 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（
110、关系代词或关系副词）引出。 ? 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 ? 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 ? 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系? 代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ? 1）who, whom, that ? 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： ? Is he the man who/that wants to see you? ? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作
111、主语） ? He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. ? 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）? 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：? They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。? Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书? 3）which, that 它们所代替的先
112、行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：? A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）? The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句? 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。? 1）
113、when, where, why? 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如：? There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。? Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。? Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？? 2）that代替关系副词?
114、that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：? His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。? He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。? 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就
115、必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： ? This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. ? Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.? 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） ? （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. ? （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the co
116、untryside. ? （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. ? （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.? 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。20.高一英语必修2?词组归纳总结Unit 1? 1. look into? 调查2. insist on/upon sth/doing 坚持做，坚决做3. belong to? 属于4. get /be los
117、t ; be missing? 迷路，丢失5. do with? 处理；对付6. in search of ;in the/ones search for? 寻找7. be used to do sth.? 被用来做某事8. be used to doing sth.? 习惯于做某事9. be made into . . .? 被制成；be made of /from? 用制成(看得见原材料/看不见原材料)be made for? 为制作be made up of? 由组成10. be of +抽象名词=be+该词的形容词?“be of +名词(词组)”表示主语的某种形状或特征?be of a
118、(n) / the / the same? “属于, 归于”be of the size / weight / height / age / colour / kind11. work of amber art? 琥珀艺术品.12. as a gift of? 作为的礼物13. in return? 作为报答14. become part of? 成为的一部分15. serve as? 充当，用作16. addto? 添加到17. great wonders of the world? 世界上的伟大奇迹18. be at war? 处于交战状态19. less than? 少于20. no d
119、oubt? 毫无疑问21. remain a mystery? 仍然是个迷22. take apart? 拆开23. rather than? 胜于, 而不是25. tell the truth? 说实话26. pretend to do sth? 假装做某事27. give an example from your own life? 举一个你生活中的例子28. think highly of? 看重，重视29. search for =look for30. agree with sb.? 同意某人的意见31.情态动词(could /might /must /should) +have d
120、one表示对过去发生的事情的推测，批评，反悔等意思32. have sth. done 表示 “请人做某事” “使遭遇某种(不幸的)事情”Unit 21?take part in/join in? 参加2?the spirit of? 精神、宗旨、灵魂3?used to? 过去常常4?find out? 查明，找出5?every four years? 每四年，每隔三年6?two sets of? 两套，两组 7?allow sb. in(out)? 允许进入（出去）;? 8?allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（不能说allow to do）? 9?allow doing
121、 sth.? 允许干某事。10?be/get married(强调状态) to(不能用with) sb 和结婚11?a set of? 一套，一组12?compete in? 在某方面竞争13?compete for? 为而竞争14?compete with/against? 与竞争15?be admitted to? 获准做某事16?be admitted as? 作为被接受17?reach the standard? 达到水平、标准18?play an important role/part in? 在方面扮演重要角色（起重要作用）19?as well as? 和一样20?thank yo
122、u for your time? 感谢您（能抽空）21?come from the same root? 同根22?have (no) chance of doing sth.? 有（没）做的机会23?go with? 伴随，与搭配24?relateto? 把与关联起来25?relate with? 和有关26?run against? 和赛跑27?hear of? 听说28?make sure? 确定29?take turns? 轮流30?one after another? 一个接一个31?make sure +that clause? 确定Unit 31. sound simple? 听
123、起来简单2. a technological revolution? 技术革命3. artificial intelligence? 人工智能4. begin as? 作为开始5. solve/settle a problem? 解决问题6. a simple-minded man? 一个头脑简单的人7. mathematical problem? 数学问题8. be totally changed? 被完全改变了9. share information with? 与信息共享10. serve the human race? 为人类服务11. common knowledge? 常识12.
124、deal with? 处理13. in my opinion? 在我看来14. public opinion? 公众舆论15 an analytical method? 分析法16. share a room with? 与共居一室17. connect with? 与有关18. go by? （从旁）走过19. bring into effect? 使生效20. the common people? 老百姓21. get together? 聚集22. after all? 毕竟23. with the help of? 在的帮助下24. make up? 编造，化妆25. a person
125、al letter? 私人信件26. watch over? 看守，监视27. have a good time? 玩得愉快28. once a year? 一年一度29. make a decision? 做出决定30. allow sb. to do sth.? 允许某人干某事31. building materials? 建筑材料32. in fact? 事实上33. create a new building? 创建一栋新楼34. in a way? 在某种程度上Unit41. as a result? 结果As a result of= because of? 由于result in
126、 = cause? 导致? result form? 由于2. die out? （动，植物物种）灭绝die of? 死于（多内因）? die from? 死于（多外因）? die down? 变弱；逐渐消失? be dying for? 渴望得到3. be at a loss = be puzzled at =be confused? 迷惑的，不解的suffer a loss (of)? 蒙受损失? make up for a loss? 弥补损失be lost in ones thought(陷入沉思) lose heart? lose ones heart to sb4.in peace
127、? 平静的（地）；安静的（地）in silence/ in quiet/in surprise/in a hurry 5. hunting for? 搜索; 搜寻6.be in danger of? 有 危险? be out of danger? 脱离危险endangered adj. 濒危的? dangerous 危险的7.have / give an effect on / upon ? take effect(生效)? come / go into effect 生效； 实施? 8. be concerned about? 担心.关心，挂念9. get dressed? 穿上衣服get
128、done强调动作，不能和表一段时间的状语连用;be done 表状态10.turn round : 转过去，围绕旋转11.apply to应用? be applied to被应用于apply for? 请求,申请. apply to sb. for sth.12.protect from保护.免受.危害?prevent from阻止（stop/ keep from）13 .have a? effect on? 对.有影响14. with a sad face looking at her. with + 宾语(O) + 宾语补足语e into being: 形成；产生；开始存在come int
129、o use：开始被使用? come into ones mind / head: 突然想到come into fashion: 开始流行come into consideration: 开始考虑Unit 51.roll over? 翻身, 打滚? roll up? 卷起? roll down? 滚下来? 2.dream of / about (doing) sth? 梦见, 梦想3.at a concert? 在音乐会上4.be honest with sb.? 对诚实? be honest about sth.? be honest in doing sth.4.form the habit
130、 of? 养成的习惯? in the form of? 以的形式? in form? 在形式上5.passers-by? 路人（复数）6.earn extra money? 赚外快6.give sb. a chance to do? 给某人做某事的机会7.play jokes/a joke on sb.? 捉弄? play tricks/a trick on sb.? laugh at? / make fun of? 嘲笑；取笑8.base on? 以.为基础, 基于.be based on9.make music? 做音乐10.break up? 破裂；拆散；停止；（战争等）爆发? brea
131、k in/into? 闯进? break off? 中断；停止? break down? 坏掉，发生故障；（身体）垮掉11.hit sb. on/in the+身体部位? 击中某人的12.by chance/accident? 偶然，意外地e across? 偶然遇见14.sort out? 分类15.be confident of/about/in 对有信心16.give/put on a performace=perform 演出，表演17.go wrong? 出了毛病18.since then? 从那时起e up with? 提出20.stick to do=insist on doin
132、g? 坚持做某事21.above of all? 首先，最重要的是? first of all? 第一22.play musical instrument? 演奏乐器23.attract ones attention/interest? 吸引某人的注意力/兴趣21.高考常用动词短语 (322)1.动词+about (8)1)bring about引起,使发生 2)care about关心,对.有兴趣 3)come about发生 4)hear about听说 5)set about 着手,开始 6)speak/talk about谈论 7)think about思考 8)worry about
133、为.担心2.动词+away (14)1)blow away吹走 2)break away摆脱 3)carry away拿走,使入迷 4)clear away清除掉,消散 5)die away逐渐消失 6)give away背弃,泄露 7)pass away 去世 8)put away收拾起来,存起来 9)send away让走开 10)take away拿走 11)throw away 扔掉 12)turn away把.打发走 13)wash away冲走 14)wear away磨掉,消耗3.动词+at (18)1)aim at向.瞄准 2)call at拜访地点 3)come at 向.袭
134、击 4)glance at匆匆一瞥 5)glare at怒视 6)knock at敲门,窗等 7)laugh at嘲笑 8)look at看,注视 9)point at指向 10)run at冲向,向.攻击 11)shoot at向.射击 12)shout at冲某人嚷嚷 13)smile at冲某人笑 14)stare at凝视 15)strike at向.打击 16)tear at用力撕 17)wonder at惊讶 18)work at干.活动研究 4.动词+back (6)1)call back回电话 2)give back归还 3)hold back控制住 4)keep back隐瞒
135、,忍住 5)look back回顾 6)take back拿回,收回5.动词+down (13)1)break down坏了,垮了,分解 2)bring down使.降低,使倒下 3)burn down 烧毁 4)calm down平静下来 5)come down下落,传下6)cut down削减,砍倒 7)pass down 传下来 8)put down记下,写下,镇压 9)settle down 安家 10)slow down慢下来 11)take down记下,记录 12)tear down 拆毁,拆除 13)turn down调小,拒绝 6.动词+for (18)1)apply for
136、申请 2)ask for要求得到 3)beg for乞求 4)call for要求,需要 5)care for关心,喜欢 6)change for用.换 7)charge for收费,要价 8)come for来拿,来取 9)hope/wish for希望得到 10)hunt for寻找 11)long for渴望 12)look for寻找 13)run for竞选 14)search for查找 15)seek for寻找 16)stand for代表,表示 17)take for误以为.是 18)wait for等候7.动词+from (9)1)date from始于.时候 2)die
137、from因.而死 3)differ from与.不同 4)hear from收到.来信 5)keep/stop/prevent from不让.做 6)learn from向.学习 7)result from由于 8)separate from把.分离开 9)suffer from受.苦8.动词+of (10)1)approve of赞成 2)become of发生.情况,怎么啦 3)complain of抱怨 4)consist of由.组成 5)die of死于 6)dream of梦到 7)hear of听说 8)speak of 读到 9)talk of谈到 10)think of想到9
138、.动词+off (21)1)break off打断 2)carry off携走,带走 3)come off脱掉,褪色 4)cut off切断,断绝 5)fall off跌落,掉下 6)get off脱下衣服等 7)get off下车 8)give off散发出9)go off走开,消失,坏了 10)keep off避开,勿走近 11)knock off把.撞落 12)leave off中断 13)pay off还清 14)put off延期,推迟 15)ring off挂断电话 16)see off送行 17)set off出发 18)show off炫耀 19)start off出发 20)
139、take off脱下,起飞 21)turn/switch off关掉 10.动词+on (18)1)bring on使.发展 2)call on拜访 3)carry on继续,进行 4)depend on依靠 5)feed on以.为生 6)have on穿着 7)insist on坚持 8)keep/go on继续 9)live on以.为生 10)look on 旁观 11)move on 继续移动,往前走 12)pass on传授,传递 13)put on穿上,戴上,上演 14)rely on依靠 15)spend on在.花钱 16)take on 雇佣,呈现 17)try on试穿
140、18)turn/switch on打开 11.动词+out (29)1)break out爆发 2)bring out 阐明,使表现出 3)burst out迸发 4)carry out 执行 5)come out出版,出来 6)cross out划掉 7)figure out 算出 8)find out查出,弄明白 9)give out散发,分发,用完 10)go out 熄灭11)hand out 散发 12)help out救助 13)hold out坚持下去 14)keep out of使不进入,挡住 15)leave out省略,删掉 16)let out泄露,发出声音 17)loo
141、k out当心,堤防 18)make out 理解,看清楚 19)pick out选出 20)point out指出 21)put out 扑灭 22)run out用完 23)send out发出,派遣 24)set out出发,着手 25)speak out大胆讲出 26)try out 试用,试验 27)turn out 结果是,生产 28)wear out穿破,使.疲劳 29)work out算出,想出办法等12.动词+in(15) 1)break in强制进入,插话 2)bring in引进,使得到收入 3)call in召集,来访 4)cut in插入 5)drop in拜访 6)
142、fill in填写 7)get in收获,进入 8)give in让步 9)hand in上交 10)join in参加 11)look in来访,参观 12)persist in坚持 13)result in导致 14)succeed in在.获得成功 15)take in接纳,吸收13.动词+into(7) 1)burst into闯入,迸发 2)change into把.变成 3)divide into把.分成 4)look into研究,调查 5)put/translate into把.译成6)run into碰到 7)turn into变成14.动词+over(10) 1)fall
143、over跌倒,摔倒 2)get over克服 3)go over审阅,检查,研究 4)look over翻阅,检查 5)roll over翻滚 6)run over压死,看一遍 7)take over接管,接替 8)think over仔细考虑 9)turn over翻倒,细想 10)watch over看守,照看15.动词+to(19)1)add to增添 2)agree to同意 3)attend to处理 4)belong to属于 5)bring to使苏醒 6)come to 共计,苏醒 7)compare to与.相比,把.比作 8)devote to贡献给 9)get to到达
144、10)lead to导致,通向 11)object to反对 12)point to指向 13)refer to谈到,涉及,参阅 14)reply to答复 15)see to处理,料理 16)stick/hold/keep to坚持,忠于 17)supply to为.提供 18)turn to向.求助,查阅 19)write to写信给16.动词+up(38) 1)break up分解 2)bring up抚养,呕吐,提出 3)build up建立 4)burn up烧毁 5)catch up赶上 6)clear up整理,收拾,放晴 7)come up上来,长出,出现 8)cut up切碎
145、 9)divide up分配 10)do up整理,包装,打扮 11)eat up吃完 12)end up总结 13)fix up修理,安排,装置 14)get up起床,站起 15)give up放弃,献出 16)go up增长,上涨 17)grow up 成长,长大 18)hold up耽搁,使停顿 19)hurry up赶快 20)join up联结起来,参军 21)keep up保持 22)lay up积蓄 23)look up查找,找出 24)make up构成,组成 25)open up开创,开辟 26)pick up拾起,学会,用车,来接,收听到 27)put up 搭/架起,安
146、装,住宿,张贴,盖起 28)ring up打电话 29)send up发射 30)set up架起,建立 31)sit up熬夜 32)speed up加快速度 33)stay up挺住,熬夜 34)take up开始学,从事,占据 35)tear up撕碎 36)throw up呕吐 37)turn up开大,出席,出现 38)use up用完17.动词+through(7) 1)check through核对 2)get through通过,干完,接通电话 3)go through审阅,检查,学习 4)look through 翻阅,看一遍,仔细查看 5)pull through渡过危机,
147、康复 6)put through接通电话 7)see through识破18.动词+with(14) 1)agree with同意,与.一致 2)begin with以.开始 3)combine with与.相联合 4)compare with与.相比 5)cover with用.覆盖 6)deal with处理,对付 7)do with处理,需要 8)end with以.结束 9)equip with以.装备 10)meet with遇到,遭受 11)play with 玩,玩弄 12)provide with 以.供给 13)supply with以.供给 14)talk with同.交流
148、19.三词以上的短语动词(48)1)add up to总计 2)break away from摆脱 3)catch sight of看见 4)catch up with 赶上 5)come into being出现 6)do away with废除 7)do well in在.干得好 8)get close to接近 9)get down to认真开始 10)get into the habit of染上.的习惯 11)get on/along with和.相处 12)get out of逃避,避免 13)get rid of摆脱 14)get used to习惯于 15)go on with
149、继续 16)help oneself to随便吃,用 17)keep an eye on堤防 18)keep away fro避开,别靠近 19)keep in touch with保持联系 20)keep up with 赶上 21)look down on 轻视 22)look forward to盼望 23)look up to仰望,尊敬 24)lose sight of看不见25)make a fool of愚弄 26)make friends with同.交朋友 27)make fun of开玩笑,取笑 28)make room for给.让地方 29)make up for弥补 3
150、0)make use of利用 31)pay a visit to访问 32)pay attention to注意 33)play a part in 起作用,扮演.角色 34)put up with忍受 35)run out of用完 36)set an example to为.树立榜样 37)set fire to放火烧 38)take a photo of拍.照片 39)take advantage of利用 40)take an interest in对.感兴趣 41)take care of照看 42)take charge of负责 43)take hold of握住 44)tak
151、e notice of注意 45)take part in参加 46)take pity on可怜 47)take pride in为.而自豪 48)take the place of取代22.Unit1 festivals around the world 一.1.发生take place 有预见的，事先计划或预想到的事情的发生。无被动语态。happen 指一切客观事物或情况得偶然或未能预见的发生，无被动语态。break out 经用于负面场合，多指灾难战争疾病。come about 中性词（正负面）take ones place =take ones seat就坐take the plac
152、e of 代替某人in place 在适当的位置，合适2.in memory of=in honor of 纪念，追念in place of 代替 in need of 需要in favor of 赞同；有利于do honor to sb.=do sb honor 向表示敬意3.dressdress up盛装；打扮；装饰dress sb 给某人穿衣服dress oneself 给自己穿衣服dress in穿衣服4.play a joke on 开玩笑have a joke 说笑话；开玩笑make a joke about 拿开玩笑laugh at 嘲笑make fun of 取笑5.medal
153、 奖章，勋章，纪念张prize 奖品，奖金，战利品reward 回报，报酬，应酬，报应award 奖品，因优点奖励或授予6.gather 应用最广泛的，收集，聚集，集合在一起 。collect 通常指的是仔细选择相似或有联系的东西 ，来变成有组织的整体的一部分。7.look forward to 期望，期待，盼望look out 注意，当心look over 翻阅，浏览look into 调查look up to 仰慕，尊敬look down upon 轻视8.keep ones word 信守承诺break ones wordhave a word with sb. 和谈话have word
154、s with sb. 和争吵in a word 总而言之9.hold ones breath 屏息，屏气lose ones break 喘不过气out of ones breath 喘不过气，上气不接下气short of breath 呼吸困难take a deep breath= breathe deeply 深呼吸10.apologizeapologize to sb. for.向某人道谦apologize (doing) sth.因为向某人道谦make/offer an apology 道歉accept an apology 接受refuse an apology 拒绝11.starve
155、 for =be starved for/of 渴望得到，迫切需要二情态动词1.can 和could 表能力 She can speak English.猜测 Can she be in the reading now?许可或请求许可 Could you ？Can 和be able tocan只有现在是和过去式，be able to时态变化多can 一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to 则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力。2. may 和might表示许可或请求许可 May I come in?肯定回答Yes, you may.Of course,you may.否定回答 No,y
156、ou may not./you cant./you mustnt./you had better not.表示可能性。He might not come today.表示祝愿 May you happy!3.must 表示必须 All the students must obey the school rules.否定: No, you neednt./you dont have to.表示推测 （只用在肯定句中）You must be tired after the journey.偏偏，偏要。Why must it rain on Sunday?为什么偏偏是星期天下雨？4.shall和第一
157、、第三人称连用，表示说话人的命令、允诺、警告等。He shall be sorry for it one day.有朝一日他一定会后悔的。问句中，与第一、三人称连用，表示说话人征求对方意见。Shall we go inside?5.should 表示应当，意思和ought to 相近，但语气稍弱。We should help others when they are in trouble.表示推测，可能They should be at home by now.3.will表示愿望 I will do my best to help you.表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问Will you pa
158、ss the message to him?表示某种倾向或习惯性动作Fish will die out of water.4.would表示过去曾有过的意志、愿望和决心I promised that I would try my best.表示请求、愿望、个人看法等，语气委婉.Would you like a cup of coffee?表示过去的习惯性的动作或倾向，相当于used toHe would go the park to play chess.5.dareHe darent cross the river.Dare he cross the river?No,he darent.
159、He doesnt dare to cross the river.He dares to cross the river.Unit 2 Healthy eating1.go on a diet 节食2.balance 天平，平衡 in the balance 悬而未决on balance 总的来说keep ones balance 保持平衡3.fry 油煎，油炸She fried two eggs for breakfast yesterday.Fry 作不及物动词时，含义为：在油里煎炸The fish in frying in the pan.Fry 作定语 fried potatoes4
160、.lose weight 减肥 put on weight 增加体重 carry weight 重要，有影响 pull ones weight 尽职5.get away with 被放过6.tell a lie/tell lies 说谎tell A from B 把A和B分开7.win back 赢回8.strength 强项，长处，力量9.consult 咨询，请教，商量，翻阅 consult with sb 和某人商量consult on sth 商议某事 10.benefit 利益，好处，有利于benefit from/by 从中受益be of great benefit to 对有很大
161、好处 11.benefit from/by 从中受益for the benefit of 为了的好处long before 很久以前long ago 12. cut down 削减，删除； cut in 插嘴 cut up 切碎 cut out 裁剪 cut off 终止 cut across 走捷径13.ought to 表示认为某事很可能Mary ought to be here soon.表示有责任、义务去做某事I ought to be more careful.ought to 构成否定式、疑问式、及反义疑问句的变化I ought not to go.Ought I to go?Ye
162、s,you ought(to)./No,you needntWe ought not to go, ought we?Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note1.bring up 抚养，提出，呕吐2.scene （戏剧）一场；现场；场面；景色on the scene 在场；到场behind the scenes 在幕后；在后台set the scene (for sth) 为做好准备come on the scene 到场；出现3.permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事permit doing sth 允许做某事be permitted to do
163、sth 被允许做某事permit of sth 容许4Go head表示“着手做”或“毫不犹豫地去做”前进，先进来，继续做取得进展；取得进步用在交际用语中4.as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上5. by accident =by chance 偶然，无意中，不小心 by mistake 弄错；失误；错误的6. stare at 凝视 glare at 怒目而视7.give up =lose heart =lose hope 放弃8.spot 斑点，污点，发现，认出On the spot 马上，立刻Be spotted with 被发现 Put sb on the spot
164、使某人为难9.account for 导致，作出解释10.seek 寻找，探索，寻找 seek after/for 寻找，追求，探索 seek out 找出，搜出，挑出11.on the contrary 与此相反，正相反（对上文的转折） to the contrary 相反地（对事物的评判） by contraries 相反地 be contrary to 和相反宾语从句引导名词性从句的连接词：that, whether,if,what,whatever,who ,whoever,whose,which,when,where,how,why1）that引导，不作成分，常被省略从句是并列句，第
165、二个级以后的分句前的that不能省略We all think (that) she is working hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.2) demand order suggest decide insist desire demand request command 等词后，宾从常用should+V原The connander ordered that troops (should)set off at once.3)动词+it+形容词或惯用搭配+that从句We think it important
166、that every citizen should have good manners.4) I dont doubt that Do you doubt that I doubt whether5）who whom which whose what等关联词引导时，陈述语序I always think of how I can work well.6)whether if用whether 不用ifA.引导主语从句并在句首时B.引导表语从句C.引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时D.从句中有or not时E.后接动词不定式时7）当主句谓语动词是现在时态时，宾语从句可根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态I
167、know that he studied English term.表语从句1）that仅起连接作用，不作成分，通常不省略2）表语从句表是否只能用whether3）thats because 那是因为 thats why 由于某种原因造成结果 the reason whyis that it looks as if Unit4 Astronomy:the science of the stars1.system 系统；体系；制度（可数）规律条理（不可数）2.theory 学说，理论，既为可数又为不可数名词in theory 理论上theoretical 理论的 theoretically 理论
168、上，理论地3.so thatsothat 如此以至于，引导结果状语从句常见结构：so+形容词或副词（原级）+thatso+many/few+复数可数名词+thatso+much/little+不可数名词+that4.in time及时，终于 on time 准时，按时 at one time 曾经；一度；同时 all the time 一直 kill time 消磨时间 once upon a time 从前 for the time being 暂时 in no time 立刻，及时4.do no harm 无害do sb/sth harm 对有害mean no harm 没有恶意 be h
169、armful to 对有害5.lay eggs 下蛋 lay the table 摆饭桌，摆餐具lay the foundation 奠定基础lay the blame on 责怪动词原形词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺，位于laylainlyinglay放置；产卵laidlaidlaying6.exist生存，存在exist in 存在于中exist on 靠生活、生存exist as 作为而存在；以形态存在in existence 存在；现有come into existence 开始存在，成立existent 现存的，存在的7.give birth
170、to 分娩，产生at birth 在出生时by birth 在血统上，生来，天生地from birst 从出生以来8by turns 轮流 on the turn 在转变中，在变质 out of turn 不合时宜地 take turns 轮流 in turn 依次，反之，反过来8.阻止，制止preventfrom=stopfrom=keepfrom9.puzzle 谜，难题（可数）puzzle about 苦思苦想puzzle out 仔细考虑；设法想出puzzle over苦苦思考10.block out 挡住，遮住（光线和声音）block up 塞住；封住（孔、洞）block off （
171、用路障）封住堵住Unit5 Canada-“The True North”1.rather than 与其，不愿，而不是would do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做而不愿做prefer to do sth rather than do sth 与做相比更喜欢做2.chat-chatted-chatted-chatting 聊天，闲聊 chat with sb3surroundwith 用包围 be surround by/with 被包围、环绕4.名词（代词）+现在分词We shall play the match tomorrow,weather permittin
172、g.名词（代词）+过去分词The job finished,we went home.名词（代词）+不定式So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed.名词（代词）+介词短语A girl came in, some books in hand.名词（代词）+形容词或副词He sat in the front row,his mouth half open.There being=名词（代词）There being nothing else to do ,we went home.It being+名词（代词）It being Christma
173、s,the government offices were closed.有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词withDont sleep with the windows open.5. settle down定居，平静下来，专心于settle on sth 决定做某事settle sth on sb 将转让给某人settle for sth 勉强认可某事6.manage to do sth 设法做到了某件事情 =succeed in doing sthtry to do sth 尽力做某事，多只某事没有成功7.catch sight of 看见；瞥见 at first sight 初看之下，乍一
174、看 at the sight of 在看到时 in/within sight 在视线之内 lose sight of 看不见，忽略，忘记 out of sight 看不见8.be gifted at/in sth 在有天赋 have a gift for 9.within 在里面，内心She is pure within. 他内心纯洁within doors 在屋内within five days 五天之内10.mixture 可数名词，混合物，混合状态 mix混合，调配 be/get mixed up 弄糊涂了，杂乱无章 be/get mixed up in/with 卷入，牵涉进去 mix
175、 up 混合，混淆 stated in the previous paragraph, Last but not least想学好英语，首先要培养对英语的兴趣。“兴趣是最好的老师”,兴趣是学习英语的巨大动力，有了兴趣，学习就会事半功倍。我们都有这样的经验：喜欢的事，就容易坚持下去；不喜欢的事，是很难坚持下去的。而兴趣不是与生俱来的，需要培养。有的同学说：“我一看到英语就头疼，怎么能培养对英语的兴趣呢？”还有的同学说：“英语单词我今天记了明天忘，我太笨了，唉，我算没治了。”这都是缺乏信心的表现。初学英语时，没有掌握正确的学习方法，没有树立必胜的信心，缺乏了克服困难的勇气，丧失了上进的动力，稍遇失
176、败，就会向挫折缴枪，向困难低头。你就会感到英语是一门枯燥无味的学科，学了一段时间之后，学习积极性也逐渐降低，自然也就不会取得好成绩。但是，只要在老师的帮助下，认识到学英语的必要性，用正确的态度对待英语学习，用科学的方法指导学习。开始时多参加一些英语方面的活动，比如 ，唱英文歌、做英语游戏、读英语幽默短文、练习口头对话等。时间长了，懂得多了，就有了兴趣，当然，学习起来就有了动力和欲望。然后，就要像农民一样勤勤恳恳，不辞辛苦，付出辛勤的劳动和汗水，一定会取得成功，收获丰硕的成果。毕竟是No pains, no gains吗。 练好基本功是学好英语的必要条件，没有扎实的英语基础，就谈不上继续学习，更
177、谈不上有所成就。要想基本功扎实，必须全神贯注地认真听讲,上好每一节课，提高课堂效率，脚踏实地、一步一个脚印地，做到以下“五到”： 一、“心到”。在课堂上应聚精会神，一刻也不能懈怠，大脑要始终处于积极状态，思维要活跃、思路要开阔，心随老师走，听懂每一句话，抓住每一个环节，理解每一个知识点，多联想、多思考，做到心领神会。 二、“手到”。学英语，一定要做课堂笔记。因为人的记忆力是有限的，人不可能都过目不忘，记忆本身就是不断与遗忘作斗争的过程。常言说，“好脑筋不如烂笔头”。老师讲的知识可能在课堂上记住了，可是过了一段时间，就会忘记，所以，做好笔记很有必要。英语知识也是一点点积累起来的，学到的每一个单词
178、、词组以及句型结构，都记在笔记本上，甚至是书的空白处或字里行间，这对以后的复习巩固都是非常方便的。 三、“耳到”。在课堂上，认真听讲是十分必要的，不但要专心听老师对知识的讲解，而且要认真听老师说英语的语音、语调、重音、连读、失去爆破、断句等发音要领，以便培养自己纯正地道的英语口语。听见听懂老师传授的每一个知识点，在头脑里形成反馈以帮助记忆；理解领会老师提出的问题，以便迅速作答，对比同学对问题的回答，以加深对问题的理解而取别人之长补自己之短。 四、“眼到”。在认真听讲的同时，还要双眼紧随老师观察老师的动作、口形、表情、板书、绘图、教具展示等。大脑里形成的视觉信息和听觉信息相结合，印象就会更加深刻
179、。 五、“口到”。学习语言，不张嘴不动口是学不好的，同学们最大的毛病是读书不出声，害羞不敢张嘴。尤其是早读课，同学们只是用眼看或默读，这样就只有视觉信息，而没有听觉信息在大脑里的反馈，当然记忆也不会太深刻，口部肌肉也得不到锻炼，也就很难练就一口纯正的英语。所以，要充分利用早晨头脑清醒的时间，大声朗读；课堂上要勇跃回答老师提问、积极参与同学间讨论和辩论，课下对不清楚的问题及时提出，要克服害羞心理，不耻下问。对学过的课文要多读、勤读、苦读，可以跟录音机读，竭力模仿其语音语调以纠正发音，要读得抑扬顿挫朗朗上口，一些精典文章最好能背得滚爪烂熟。利用一切可能的机会，练习英语口语，比如，与外教交流、参加“
180、英语角”活动、与同学进行对话、讲英语故事、唱英文歌曲、演英语短剧、进行诗歌朗诵等。除了对课本中的范文要细读精读之外，还要多看些适合我们中学生的课外读物，既可增长知识，又开阔了我们的视野，也提高了我们的阅读水平。 学英语，词汇的记忆是必不可少的，词汇是学好英语的基础，没有了词汇，也就谈不上句子，更谈不上文章，所以记单词对我们就显得极其重要。记忆单词关键有二： 一是持之以恒：每天坚持记忆一定量的词汇，过几天再回头复习一次，这样周期循环，反复记忆，经常使用，就会变短时记忆为长时记忆并牢固掌握。需要注意的是，一旦开始，就要坚持下来，千万不能半途而废，切不可三天打鱼，两天晒网。 二是良好的记忆方法：记忆
181、单词的方法很多，学无定法，但学有良法。我认为，张思中的“集中识词，分类记忆”不失为一种适合中学生的好方法。把中学生应掌握的3500个单词集中汇总，分门别类，先过单词关，然后再学教材，在课本中使用和巩固它们的用法。分类的方法有多种，同一元音或元音字母组合发音相同的单词归为一类；根据词形词性、同义词反义词等集中记忆；把相同词根、前缀、后缀、合成、转化、派生等构词法相同的单词或词组列在一起集中识记印象比较深刻，记忆效果也比较明显。这样每天记4080个单词，坚持不懈，多联想，多思考，多使用，词汇问题不就解决了吗？在学习的过程中多注视单词的用法和词组的搭配，牢记老师讲过的单词惯用法和句型，这样不仅有助于
182、我们解题，而且在写作时也会信手拈来，运用自如。 把单词记住，了解词性、词义，掌握其固定搭配与习惯用法，背会时态、从句的各种用法，工作只是完成了一半，我们还得将它们应用到实践中去。就像学游泳，光学理论，不下水应用，不等于掌握了这门技术。不必要搞题海战术，但一定量的典型练习来巩固所学知识是必不可少的。先重视基础练习，如课后习题，单元同步练习，这些是针对课堂知识的巩固性练习，不能好高骛远，光想着一口吃个胖子。基础知识掌握后，有的放失地做一些语法方面的专项练习和考试题型的专题练习。特别提倡同学们准备一本“错题集”，把平时做错的具有代表性的试题或语言点记录下来，以备将来查漏补缺，这样对知识的掌握可以达到
183、事半功倍的效果。 英语是一种语言，不是记住了单词、词组、句型和语法项目就是把它学好了，关键在于使用语言，所以在学习英语时一定要注意听、说、读、写、译全面发展。英语学习首先是一个记忆过程，然后才是实践过程。学习英语，无论如何，勤奋是不可少的，它是一个日积月累的渐进过程，是没有任何捷径可走的，也没有所谓“速成”的灵丹妙方，急于求成，不做踏实工作，是学不好英语的。任何成功的获得都要靠自己的努力，要踏踏实实、勤勤恳恳、兢兢业业、一步一个脚印地学习，端正态度，认真对待学习中的挫折和失败。失败并不可怕，可怕的是对自己丧失信心而一蹶不振。对考试的失败，冷静分析，认真思考，只要对胜利充满信心，善于总结经验教训，不断努力，不断追求，胜利一定是属于你们的高考资源网（ ），您身边的高考专家高考资源网（ ），您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 高考资源网（ ），您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 高考资源网（ ），您身边的高考专家高考资源网（ ），您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 高考资源网（ ），您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。