1、考点规范练19(必修4Module 1)考点规范练第38页.阅读理解Robots have proven very useful in different situations.But those robots are small remote-controlled tanks with a mechanical arm,and they can get hung up on narrow stairwells(楼梯井) and are stopped by ladders.“A lot of the places where you do disaster recovery are only
2、 accessible for people,”says Marc Raibert,the president of Boston Dynamics,which is providing advice and help for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA)the scientific research department of the U.S. military(军队)to create the most advanced robots on Earth.“If youre a humanoida machine or cr
3、eature with the appearance and qualities of a humanaccess can be increased and you can use available tools.”In the future DARPA hopes,a humanoid robot will be able to drive trucks,and enter power plants.That future is a long way off.“Simple movements like squatting(蹲) are almost impossible for somet
4、hing with metal parts and skin that cannot bend,”says Raibert.Still,recent progress is impressive enough that the military has begun to bet on legged bots.The Office of Naval Research is working with Virginia Tech on a humanoid firefighting robot,and Dynamics showed off two of its latest projects:Ch
5、eetah,a four-legged robot capable of running 28 miles per hour,and the Legged Squad Support System,a big and awkward headless robot funded by DARPA and the Marine Corps to help carry things in places like mountain areas.“Half the land on Earth is too rough,sandy,or rocky for wheeled things,”says Rai
6、bert.“Humans and animals can go to those places.They are the only examples of successful systems that do what were trying to do.”None of the walking robots is meant to fight.Theyre designed to put out fires and clean up industrial accidents.But they are all funded by the military.“Im well aware of h
7、ow the world works,”says Dennis Hong,founding director of Virginia Techs robotics lab.“Robots for me are tools to help society,not to fight in wars.But once a technology leaves our lab,theres no way to control how people can use it.”【语篇导读】本文是说明文。未来的机器人将会设计得越来越像人类,并能完成复杂的任务。1.In Marc Raiberts opinion
8、,robots need to be designed like humans to .A.accomplish complex tasksB.be controlled efficientlyC.survive disastersD.appear friendly答案:A解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If youre a humanoid.access can be increased and you can use available tools.a humanoid robot will be able to drive trucks,and enter power plants”可
9、知,类人化的机器人可以到更多的地方,完成复杂的任务。2.Which of the following is most likely to be Cheetah?答案:C解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cheetah,a four-legged robot capable of running 28 miles per hour”可知,Cheetah是四脚着地的机器人,故选C项。3.The underlined word “They”in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to .A.Cheetah and the Legged Squad Support Sy
10、stemB.humans and animalsC.wheeled thingsD.legged robots答案:A解析:篇章结构题。根据第三段内容可知,地球上一半的道路都不适合轮子通过,但是人类和动物可以到达这些地方,所以人们模仿自己和动物设计出了“有腿的”机器人。上段中提到的Cheetah可以一小时跑28英里,Legged Squad Support System可以在山区等地方帮助人们驮东西,因此说这两个机器人是研发成功的例子,能够做我们人类做的事情。4.How does Dennis Hong feel about using robots in wars?A.Surprised.B
11、.Cautious.C.Uninterested.D.Helpless.答案:D解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Robots for me are tools to help society,not to fight in wars.But once a technology leaves our lab,theres no way to control how people can use it”可知,Dennis Hong认为设计机器人是为了造福社会,而不是为了战争,但是一旦一项技术离开了他们的实验室,他们就无法控制人们怎样利用这项技术。由此可推测,他对于机器人被使用在战争中感到无能为力
12、。.完形填空All of us go through some difficult times as we approach teenage years.Its the age when we have to deal with the most 1 in our life.This transition(过渡) from childhood to adulthood is 2 for some,but rough for others.The most important thing about being a teenager is 3.When we are teenagers,we w
13、ould get blamed or even punished for anything wrong we do.Its all not so 4 about being a teenager though.We dont have to have our 5 take us to somewhere we want to go or we couldnt go before.We can have 6 with friends or even alone,which we couldnt have because we were too 7 to know what pleasure is
14、!Its a very enjoyable time of life.During this age,we are old enough to 8 what is good for us,and make decisions without 9 others.But like the saying goes,“All good things must come to an end,but all bad things can continue 10.”During this period,we are having much 11 for our studies.If we dont pass
15、,we wont get jobs,and things will take a turn for the 12.With the present world economy in 13,we have to do really,really well in our 14 for a job.Adults say that their 15 is the hardest part of life.But I think the transition from a kid to an adult is much 16 than being already an adult.What we do
16、in our teenage years will 17 what we become and how we lead our life in the future.In conclusion,it is quite 18 that parents put much pressure on an already stressed-out teenager.If they realized that,living condition for teenagers would be much better.19 for the teens ourselves we should get to kno
17、w what is best for us.Whats more,we should understand the right 20 of life we choose at this age can make us happy for the rest of our existence.【语篇导读】本文为议论文。在从童年到成年的过渡时期,人们需要面对很多困难,很多改变。在这个阶段所选择的生活方式会影响我们的一生。1.A.chancesB.changesC.feelingsD.expectations答案:B解析:在这个阶段我们需要面对生活中的很多改变(changes)。2.A.smoothB
18、.practicalC.demandingD.necessary答案:A解析:从童年到成年的过渡,对于有些人来说是很顺利的(smooth),但是对于有些人来说却很艰难。此处用smooth“顺利的”和后面的rough相对应。3.A.knowledgeB.independenceC.confidenceD.responsibility答案:D解析:根据此空的下一句“当我们成为青少年时,我们会因犯错受到责备甚至是惩罚”可知,此处表示“成为青少年最重要的一件事就是责任(responsibility)”。knowledge“知识”;independence“独立”;confidence“自信”。4.A.
19、easyB.strangeC.badD.interesting答案:C解析:然而,成为青少年并非总是如此糟糕(bad)。5.A.guidesB.partnersC.parentsD.friends答案:C解析:根据6空后的“with friends or even alone”可知,此处表示“我们不需要父母(parents)带着我们去我们以前想要去或不能去的地方”。6.A.funB.troubleC.relationD.business答案:A解析:此处表示“我们可以和朋友一起玩,甚至独自去玩”。have fun“玩得开心,玩得高兴”,符合语境。7.A.proudB.youngC.smartD
20、.mature答案:B解析:根据语境可知,此处young“年轻的”正确。proud“自豪的”;smart“聪明的”;mature“成熟的”。8.A.predictB.rememberC.imagineD.understand答案:D解析:在这个年龄段,我们已经足够成熟,明白什么对我们好,而且能够不需要咨询别人就作出决定。根据语境可知,understand“理解,明白”正确。9.A.guidingB.helpingC.invitingD.consulting答案:D解析:根据上题解析可知,consult“咨询,请教”正确。guide“引导,带领”;help“帮助”;invite“邀请”。10.A
21、.occasionallyB.brieflyC.foreverD.naturally答案:C解析:但是正如谚语所说:“一切美好的事物一定会走到尽头,但是所有不好的事情可能会永远继续。”根据语境可知,forever“永远,永久”正确。occasionally“偶尔,间或”;briefly“短暂地”;naturally“自然地”。11.A.pressureB.passionC.motivationD.panic答案:A解析:在这个阶段,我们在学业上有很大的压力(pressure)。passion “激情,热情”;motivation“动机”;panic“恐慌,惊慌”。12.A.betterB.wo
22、rseC.fewerD.more答案:B解析:如果我们不能通过考试,我们就没有工作,事情就会更糟(worse)。13.A.declineB.hopeC.increaseD.debt答案:A解析:随着目前世界经济的衰退,我们真的需要在学业上好好表现,为工作作好准备。decline“衰退,下降”,符合语境。14.A.contributionB.educationC.applicationD.qualification答案:B解析:根据上题解析可知,education“教育”正确。contribution“贡献”;application“应用,申请”;qualification“资格,条件”。15.
23、A.promotionB.workC.experienceD.age答案:D解析:成年人认为他们这个年龄(age)阶段是人生中最难的部分。promotion “促销,提升”;work“工作”;experience“经验”。16.A.harderB.happierC.easierD.lighter答案:A解析:但是“我”认为从小孩到成年人的过渡期比成为一个成年人更加艰难(harder)。17.A.reflectB.confirmC.determineD.identify答案:C解析:在青少年阶段,我们所做的将决定我们将来成为什么样的人,我们未来的生活如何。determine“决定”,符合语境。r
24、eflect“反映,反射”;confirm“确认”;identify“鉴定,识别”。18.A.vitalB.urgentC.commonD.unnecessary答案:D解析:总之,父母真的没有必要对已经有很大压力的青少年施加更多的压力。unnecessary“没有必要的”,符合语境。vital“至关重要的”;urgent “紧急的,急迫的”;common “共同的,普通的”。19.A.OrB.OtherwiseC.ButD.Because答案:C解析:但是,对于我们青少年而言,我们应该知道什么对我们来说是最好的。此处和上句之间是转折关系,故用But。20.A.experienceB.wayC
25、.conditionD.power答案:B解析:而且,我们应该理解,这个年龄我们选择正确的生活方式能够使我们的余生幸福。the right way of life“正确的生活方式”,故B项正确。.语篇填空(2015山西质量监测)As a man was passing some elephants,he suddenly stopped,confused by the fact that these huge creatures were being held by only a small rope 1.(tie) to their front leg.No chains,no cages.
26、2. was obvious that the elephants could,at any time,break 3. from their bonds but for some reason,they did not.He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and made no attempt 4.(get) away.“Well,”5. trainer said,“when they are very young and much 6.(small),we use the same siz
27、e rope to tie them and,at that age,its enough to hold them.As they grow up,they are conditioned to believe the rope 7. still hold them,so they never try to run free.”The man was amazed.These animals could at any time escape from their bonds but 8. they believed they couldnt,they were stuck right whe
28、re they were.Like the elephants,how many of us go through life 9.(hang) onto a belief that we cannot do something,10.(simple) because we failed at it once before?Failure is part of learning;we should never give up the struggle in life.答案与解析:【语篇导读】本文通过大象被绳子拴住却不挣脱的现象告诉我们:不要固步自封,不要因为担心失败而放弃拼搏。1.tied解析:
29、考查非谓语动词。大象仅由一根系在前腿的小绳拴住。rope和tie之间是动宾关系,故此处用过去分词表被动。2.It解析:考查代词。显而易见,大象在任何时候都能够挣脱绳子。分析句子成分可知,It在句中做形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。3.away解析:考查动词短语。break away from.“从突然挣脱,从逃脱”。4.to get解析:考查非谓语动词。他看见附近有位驯兽师,就问为什么这些动物只是站在那里而不试图逃跑呢?make attempt to do sth.“试图做某事”。5.the解析:考查冠词。这位驯兽师说:“当它们还年幼、(体型)尚较小时,我们使用同样大小的绳子拴住它们
30、。”此处用定冠词the表示特指。6.smaller解析:考查形容词比较级。much修饰形容词比较级。7.can解析:考查情态动词。当它们长大时,它们就习惯性地认为绳子依然能够拴住它们。此处用情态动词can表示一般的能力。8.because解析:考查原因状语从句。这些大象在任何时候都能够挣脱绳子,但是因为它们认为不能,所以它们就待在原处。9.hanging解析:考查非谓语动词。此处应用现在分词做伴随状语。10.simply解析:考查副词。仅仅是因为我们曾经失败过吗?此处应用副词做状语。.短文改错(2015黑龙江大庆第二次质检)Tina and I had been good friend for
31、 years.We often did things together,so one day Tina didnt talk to me and just sat by herself.I dont know what was wrong.I thought about what I had done and said recent.Was Tina upset because I had done well in the history test than her?No,she was happy that I did well in school.I decided find out wh
32、at was the matter.I walked over to there Tina was sitting.“Tina,”I said softly,“Is anything wrong?”He answered sadly,“Yes,my cat died on last night.”I finally knew the reason what she didnt talk to me and comforted her.答案:Tina and I had been good friendfriends for years.We often did things together,
33、sobut one day Tina didnt talk to me and just sat by herself.I dontdidnt know what was wrong.I thought about what I had done and said recentrecently.Was Tina upset because I had done wellbetter in the history test than her?No,she was happy that I did well in school.I decidedto find out what was the matter.I walked over to therewhere Tina was sitting.“Tina,”I said softly,“Is anything wrong?”HeShe answered sadly,“Yes,my cat died on last night.”I finally knew the reason whatwhy she didnt talk to me and comforted her.导学号031100195