1、山东省莱西市2015高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习（1）及答案阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Grown- ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back
2、 in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or
3、Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding,
4、and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general
5、 rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college cour
6、se. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. People remembe
7、r well what they learned in childhood.B. Children have a better memory than grown- ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.2. The author explains the law of overlearning by.A. presenting research findings B. setting down general rulesC. making a
8、comparison D. using examples3. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is.A. a result of overlearning B. a special case of crammingC. a skill to deal with math problems D. a basic step towards advanced studies4. What is the authors opinion on cramming?A. It leads to failure
9、in college exams. B. Its helpful only in a limited way.C. Its possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases studentslearning interest.【参考答案】14、ADABPassage Thirty-three (Importance of a Computer) As citizens of advanced but vulnerable economies, we must either relentlessly increase the quality o
10、f our skills or see our standard of living erode. For the future, competition between nations will be increasingly based on technological skill. Oil and natural resources will still be important, but they no longer will determine a nations economic strength. This will now be a matter of the way peop
11、le organize them selves and the nature and quality of their work. Japan and the “new Japans “of East Asia are demonstrating this point in ways that are becoming painfully obvious to the older industrial countries. There is simply no way to rest on our past achievements. Todays competition renders ob
12、solete huge chunks of what we know and what forces us to innovate. For each individual. Several careers will be customary, and continuing education and retraining will be inescapable. To attain this extraordinary level of education, government, business, schools, and even individuals will turn to te
13、chnology for the answer. In industry, processing the information and designing the changes necessary to keep up with the market has meant the growing use of computers. The schools are now following close behind. Already some colleges in the United States are requiting a computer for each student. It
14、 is estimated that 500,000 computers are already in use in American high schools and elementary schools. Although there is an abysmal lack of educational software, the number of computers in schools expands rapidly. The computer is the Proteus of machines, as it takes on a thousand forms and serves
15、a thousand functions. But its truly revolutionary character can be seen in its interactive potential. With advanced computers, learning can be individualized and self-paced. Teachers can become more productive and the entire learning environment enriched. It is striking how much current teaching is
16、a product of pencil and paper technology. With the computers capacity for simulation and diverse kinds of feedback, all sorts of new possibilities open up for the redesign of curriculums. Seymour Papert, the inventor of the computer language LOGO, believes that concepts in physics and advanced mathe
17、matics can be taught in the early grades with the use of computers. On every-day level, word-processing significantly improves the capacity for written expression. In terms of drill and practice, self-paced computer-assisted instruction enables the student to advance rapidlywithout being limited by
18、the conflicting needs of the entire class. In short, once we learn to use this new brain outside the brain, education will never be the same.Industry, faced with the pressures of a rapidly shifting market, is already designing new methods to retrain its workers, In the United States, a technological
19、 university has been set up to teach engineering courses by satellite. And the advances in telecommunications and computational power will dramatically expand the opportunities for national and international efforts in education and training.Without romanticizing the machine, it is clear that comput
20、ers uniquely change the potential for equipping todays citizens for unprecedented tasks of the future. Particularly in Europe and the United States, innovation will be the basis for continued prosperity. New competitors are emerging to challenge the old economic arrangements. How successfully we res
21、pond will depend on how much we invest in people and how wisely we employ the learning tools of the new technology.1. What is the decisive factor in future competition between nations?A. Oil. . Technological skill.C. Natural resources D Education2. The main idea of this passage is A. Knowledge of a
22、Computer. . Importance of a Computer.C. Function of Knowledge. C. Function of Technology.3. Why does further study become indispensable?A. People want to so more jobs. People want to attain this extraordinary level of education.C. People would not rest on the past achievements.D. What we know become
23、s obsolete.4. The word “Proteus” is closest in meaning to A. flexibility. . diversity. C. variety. D. multiplicity.Vocabulary1. relentlessly 始终不懈的2. obsolete 过时的，大量的，绝大部分的3. chunk 大块，大量的，绝大部分4. abysmal 无底的，极端的5. Proteus 希腊神话中海神，能随意变化。这里指flexible, 灵活多变6. take on 显现，显示7. LOGO=logotyre 标识语，作为标志的语言8. ra
24、pidly shifting 瞬息万变的9. romanticizing 使浪漫化，使幻想化难句译注1. With the computers capacity for simulation and diverse kinds of feedback, all sorts of new possibilities open up for the redesign of curriculums.参考译文 由于计算机能进行模拟和提供各种反馈，它就为从新设计学校的课程开辟了各种新的可能性。2. In terms of drill and practice, self-paced computer-a
25、ssisted instruction enables the student to advance rapidlywithout being limited by the conflicting needs of the entire class.结构简析 句子结构为主谓宾补，前后各用一个介词（短语），前in term of , 后without参考译文 就练习和实践来讲，借助自行规定速度的计算机辅助的指令使学生突飞猛进而不受全班互相矛盾的需要所限制。3. Without romanticizing the machine, it is clear that computers unique
26、ly change the potential for equipping todays citizens for unprecedented tasks of the future.结构简析 逻辑主语句。句前有一状语成分，without +分词+名词的句型。参考译文 不必用浪漫主义的手法来形容计算机，我们可清楚看到，它是独一无二的改变今天公民的潜力，使他们能承担未来的史无前例的任务。写作方法与文章大意文章论述了“计算机的重要性”，采用一般到具体写作手法。一开始就提出：作为经济上先进而又脆弱的公民，必须始终不懈地提高技术素质，否则生活水平就会下降。因为未来国际竞争取决于技术，一切部门必须迎合这
27、一要求。具体到工业和学校必须使用计算机。重点在学校，因为它是培训新人才的基地。所以三，四，五，七段涉及计算机在学校的种种功能。最后的结论：人才和计算机是决定性因素。答案祥解1. B. 工艺技术。这在第一段就讲到“在未来，国与国之间的竞争越来越以工艺技术为基础。尽管石油和其他自然资源仍很重要，但它们不会再对一个国家的经济实力起决定性的作用。”A. 石油。 C. 自然资源，这两项不是决定性因素。 D. 教育。文内教育作为改革的一个方面，其重点是在学校内应用计算机，来改变教学质量，达到革新人才的目的。并不是直接参与竞争。可参看第2题的答案及译注。2. B. 计算机的重要性。整篇文章都显示了这一点。第
28、三段“工业上，信息处理和制定必要的改革计划以适应市场需要意味着越来越多使用计算机。学校紧跟工业之后”第四段“计算机是一种变化多端，神通广大的机器，因为它显示千种图象，发挥千种功能。而它的真正的革命性可在其相互作用的潜能中看出。有了先进的计算机，学习可以个别进行，速度自行规定。教师变得更有成效。”第五段“由于利用计算机，在学校低年级就能教授物理学和高等数学概念。”最后一段画龙点睛地指出：“计算机独一无二地改变着那种今天公民能担当未来空前任务的潜能新的竞争对手正在崛起，自由的经济布局提出挑战。我们如何才能顺利的应战，取决于我们对人的投资的多寡，取决于我们怎么聪慧地应用新技术的学习工具。”所以A.
29、计算机知识。 C. 知识的功能。 D. 技术功能，这三项只是计算机重要性中涉及到的一个方面，不能作为中心思想。3. D. 因为我们知道的一切变得陈旧。第二段头几句话“我们决不能吃老本，当今的竞争使我们的大部分知识变得陈旧，非加以革新不可。对每个人来说，他们将惯常从事某几种职业，并且非继续学习进修和从新接受训练不可。”都说明进修学习的原因。A. 人们要做更多工作。文内没有提到。 B. 人们要到达非同一般的教育水平。这是目的，不是原因。 C. 人们不能吃老本。这话并没有完全讲清楚全部原因。4. A. 灵活多变。 Proteus 一词，原义是指希腊神话中变幻无常的海神，普罗狄斯，他可以随心所欲边成各
30、种形状。这里指灵活多变。阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 One evening in February 2007. A student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path . Thats when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio parke
31、d across a railway line. Second later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks. Ceelys near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device(导航仪).She had never driven the route before .It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS. But
32、it made no mention of the crossing. I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train, she told the BBC. W ho is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceelys story in his book When Machines Fail US, finger at the limitations of technology. We put our fait
33、h in digital devices, he says, But our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And its not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless key boards. The problem with his argument i
34、n the book is that its not clear why he only focuses digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signali
35、ng system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the CPS equipment. But Stevenson doesnt say.Its a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that crimin
36、als use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe its also due to the shortage of policemen on
37、 the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.The game between humans and their smart devices is complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be way a wiser use of technology. If t
38、here is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.( )1.WhatdidPaulaCeelythinkwasthecauseofheraccident?A.Shewasnotfamiliarwiththeroad.B.I
39、twasdarkandrainingheavilythen.C. The railway works failed to give the signal.D. Her GPS device didnt tell her about the crossing( )2. Thephrase “nearmiss”(paragraph2)canbestbereplacedby_.A.closebitB.heavylossC. narrow escapeD.bigmistake( )3. WhichofthefollowingwouldRickStevensonmostprobablyagreewith
40、?A. Moderntechnologyiswhatwe cantlivewithout.B.Digitaltechnologyoftenfalls shortofoutexpectation.C.Digitaldevicesaremore reliablethantheyusedtobe.D.GPSerrorisnottheonly causeforCelerysaccident.( ) 4. In the writers opinion, Stevensons argument is_.A. one-sided B. reasonable C. puzzling D. well-based
41、( ) 5.What is the real concern of the writer of this article?A. The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.B. The relationship between humans and technologyC.Theshortcomingsofdigital devicesweuse.D.Thehuman unawarenessoftechnicalproblems.4.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。由文章The problem with his argument in the book is that its not clear why he only focuses digital technology可知。5.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。本文讨论了人与现代科技的关系。