1、语法图解Section Grammar 过去分词(短语)作状语；短语动词探究发现Seen from above,the old town is a maze of canals,little bridges and tiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in.Not invited,he became very disappointed.Completely rebuilt,the town would not be so interesting.Beaten by the opposite team,we didnt lose heart a
2、nd encouraged each other.Aunt Wu came in,followed by her daughter.The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain,its peak covered with snow.A big fire broke out last night in that village.When he read the book,he came across many new words.我的发现(1
3、)句中，黑体部分均在句中作状语，分别表示、。(2)由句可知，过去分词作状语时，其否定形式通常是在过去分词前加。(3)句中分词作状语，有自己独立的主语，这叫。(4)句中黑体部分为。时间原因条件让步伴随not独立主格结构短语动词一、过去分词(短语)作状语(一)过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等情况。这类状语可放在句首、句中或句末，并可扩展为一个从句或并列分句。1过去分词(短语)作时间状语Asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.当被问到未来的计划时，这个女
4、孩说她想成为一名教师。Lost in the forest,you should first of all remain where you are,waiting for help to come.当你在森林里迷路的时候，首先你应该待在原地，等待救援的到来。2过去分词(短语)作原因状语Frightened by the tiger,the girl didnt dare to sleep alone.因为被老虎吓着了，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。The child learns fast,well brought up by his parents.由于受到父母良好的教育，这个孩子学得很快。3过去
5、分词(短语)作条件状语Often blamed by the teacher,the students will lose heart.如果经常挨老师批评，学生们就会失去信心。Given more time,we would do it much better.如果再多给点时间，我们就能做得更好。4过去分词(短语)作伴随或方式状语The teacher stood there,surrounded by many students.老师站在那里，身边围着很多学生。The old man,supported by his wife,went into the room.那位老人在妻子的搀扶下走进
6、了房间。5过去分词(短语)作让步状语Left at home,John didnt feel afraid at all.虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但是他一点都不害怕。Invited,I wont go to the party.即使被邀请，我也不去参加聚会。6过去分词(短语)作结果状语He failed in the competition,blamed by his companions.他在比赛中失败了，受到了同伴的责备。They went out in such bad weather,caught in a heavy rain halfway.他们在这么恶劣的天气里出门，结果在半路上
7、遇到了大雨。(二)过去分词(短语)作状语应注意的几个问题1过去分词、现在分词和不定式作状语的区别：一般说来，过去分词作状语，和句子主语是被动关系；现在分词作状语，和句子主语是主动关系；不定式作状语，一般表示目的、原因、结果等。To get a wonderful view of our city,we climbed to the top of the tower.为了饱览城市的美景，我们爬上了山顶。Seen from the top of the tower,our city looks more beautiful.从塔顶上看，我们的城市更漂亮。Seeing from the top of
8、 the tower,we can get a wonderful view of our city.从塔顶我们可以饱览我们城市的美景。2过去分词(短语)作状语时，也可在前面加上 when,if,while,though,even if 等连词(词组)，以便明确是作何种状语。When asked,she didnt answer.别人问她的时候，她没有回答。Though told many times,he still couldnt understand.虽然跟他说过很多次，但他还是不懂。3过去分词作状语时，其否定形式是在过去分词前加not。Not encouraged by his par
9、ents,Jim felt a little sad.因为没有受到父母的鼓励，吉姆感到有点伤心。4有些分词已成为固定结构，使用时不必考虑它们与主语的关系。常见的有以下几种：judging by/from 根据判断provided/providing that.假如；在条件下given.倘若；假定considering(that).考虑到supposing(that).如果Judging by/from his accent,he must be from the south.从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。I will agree to go providing/provided that y
10、ou go with me.假如你陪我一起去，我就同意去。即时演练 111.单句语法填空He entered,_(accompany)by his secretary.When _(ask)why he was absent,he said he was ill._(dress)in a white uniform,he looked more like a cook than a doctor.Though _(tell)to stop,the two girls kept on talking at the meeting.accompaniedaskedDressedtoldThese
11、problems,if not _(solve)properly,will seriously affect the growth of teenagers and even the nations future.Finally,those sports stars came in,_(follow)by so many fans.When _(offer)help,one often says“Thank you”or“It is very kind of you.”solvedfollowedoffered12.单句改错Looking at in this way,the situatio
12、n doesnt seem so disappointing._Found her car stolen,she hurried to a policeman for help._If separating from his best friend for a long time,he would feel lonely._LookingLookedFoundFindingseparatingseparatedFacing with so many difficulties,he had a hard time those days._Unless inviting to speak,you
13、should remain silent at the conference._Judged from the expression on her face,she must have news of great excitement to tell us._FacingFaced或去掉 withinvitinginvitedJudgedJudging短语动词就是由动词和其他词一起构成的习语。1动词副词：不及物动词短语或及物动词短语。(1)put up,put down,take out,take up 等及物动词短语；若宾语为代词，要将代词置于动词和副词之间；若为名词，位置则灵活；(2)br
14、eak out,break down,come out,come on,go on,go out 等不及物动词短语；(3)set off,set out 等短语既是及物动词短语也是不及物动词短语。二、短语动词2动词介词：这一类的短语通常都是及物动词短语。agree on,agree with,approve of,break into,belong to,consist of,come across,fall for,hear of 等。3动词副词介词：这一类的短语通常都是及物动词短语。face up to,get down to,look forward to,look up to,look
15、 down upon,make up for 等。4动词名词介词：这一类的短语通常都是及物动词短语。take care of,make use of,pay attention to,take advantage of,take note of,take notice of,catch sight of,get/lay hold of,keep pace with,lose sight of,lose track of,make a fool of,make fun of,put an end/a stop to,take account of,take pity on 等。5动词其他：如“动
16、词it”构成的短语动词 make it,put it,get it 等。即时演练 221.写出下列句中红体短语的汉语意思If I came across any CD about Liu Huan,I will buy it._The students from the countryside make up more than 70%of all the students in this school._Since she left,I have never heard of her._偶然发现组成听说Interested in my story,they asked me to go on
17、 withit._Thank you for putting me up on such a rainy night._They met,fell for each other and got married six months later._Think over my tips and tell me if you can take them._继续为提供食宿爱上仔细考虑22.选词填空make out，search for，suffer from，give in，set out，break away from，make use of，look intoYoung adults must _
18、 their parents control in order to achieve independence.In some countries,people are _ the heat in the center of the earth.They were so far away that I couldnt _ their faces clearly.break away frommaking use ofmake outWe _ to find the truth behind the mystery.Officials say they wont _ to the workers
19、 demands.A quarter of children in the country _ the disease.The unemployed will _ jobs online.We will _ the matter first before coming to a decision.set outgive insuffer fromsearch forlook into链接高考单句语法填空1(2019天津高考改编)Kate heard a mans voice in the background,but she couldnt make what he was saying.解析
20、：句意：凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但是她听不清他在说什么。make out 意为“听清”，符合句意。out2(2019江苏高考改编)More wind power stations will spring to meet the demand for clean energy.up解析：句意：为了满足清洁能源的需求，更多的风力发电站将涌现出来。spring up 意为“迅速出现，突然兴起”，符合题意。3(2017江苏高考改编)Working with the medical team in Africa has brought the best in her as a doctor.解析
21、：句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她彰显了作为医生最好的一面。bring out 意为“使显现，彰显”，符合题意。out4(2017天津高考改编)Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter settle,get married,and have kids.解析：句意：布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安定下来，结婚生子。settle down 意为“安顿下来”，符合题意。5(2016北京高考改编)(order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.解析：句意：这些书
22、是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。句中 the books 与 order 之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动和完成。downOrdered6(2016天津高考改编)I hate it when she calls me at work Im always too busy to carry a conversation with her.解析：句意：我讨厌工作时她给我打电话我一直很忙，没时间与她进行谈话。carry on 意为“进行，继续”，符合题意。on7(2016浙江高考改编)When their children lived far away from them,these o
23、ld people felt cut from the world.解析：句意：当孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老人就感觉是与世隔绝了。cut off 意为“隔离，隔绝”，符合题意。8(2015天津高考改编)(absorb)in painting,John didnt notice evening approaching.解析：句意：专心画画，约翰没有注意到时间是晚上了。be absorbed in sth.“专心于某事”，作状语时去掉 be 即可。offAbsorbed演练提能.单句语法填空1_(give)time,shell make a first-class tennis player
24、like Li Na.2_(base)an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later.3_(found)in 1636,Harvard is now one of the most famous universities in the whole world.GivenBasingFounded4_(blame)for his carelessness by his teacher,Tony is in low spirits now.5_(arrive)early
25、for his date,Mark spent time reading the newspaper.6_(lose)in deep thought,he didnt hear the teacher call his name.7_(force)by the robber,Mary went upstairs to get the jewellery for him.BlamedHaving arrivedLostForced8_(drive)by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers have built more greenhouses.9_(c
26、omplete)more effectively with others,more and more people equip themselves with a higher education.10Although _(warn)several times,the boy still played computer games on weekdays.DrivenTo completewarned.选词填空set off，work out，take notice of，come across，put up，make up，pick up，set down，break down，make u
27、se of1Who will go to the kindergarten to _ your son?2Eleven students _ the team.3Our car _ on the way to school so we had to abandon it and walked there.pick upmake upbroke down4Every minute should be _ before the exam.5Please listen carefully and _ what the teacher will say.6At seventeen,he _ for t
28、he USA with a group of comedy actors.7He _ just how much the light would be bent.made use ofset downset offworked out8_ the marks we have made and dont get lost.9On a cold spring day,Mandy _ Will,who was sitting by himself on a bench in the playground.10The school _ a notice saying that two students
29、 involved in a fight were removed.Take notice ofcame acrossput up.短文改错I live near a main river of our city where is spotted with rubbish of different colors.Seriously polluting,the river fails to provide us with a good view,so occasionally sends out an unpleasant smell.I think the large population a
30、nd the factories on either sides of the river are mainly responsible for the situation.While they were taking a walk along the river,people throw rubbish into the river.Worst still,waste water from the factories causes an even greater threat to the river.To change the situation,I,with my sister,has
31、formed an organization named“Saving Our Water”which is aimed at raising up peoples awareness of water supply protection.They do hope our efforts will make difference to our rivers.答案：第一句：wherewhich/that第二句：pollutingpolluted;sobut第三句：eitherboth第四句：wereare第五句：WorstWorse第六句：hashave;去掉 up第七句：TheyWe;make 后加 a谢谢 观 看