1、Section Lesson 2 & Lesson 3.匹配词义A单词匹配()1.classic Aadj.适时的，及时的()2.recommend Badj.&adv.遍及世界的；在全世界()3.acquire Cadv.定期地()4.worldwide Dvt.推荐；建议()5.childhood Evt.学习，获得(知识，技能)()6.subway Fvt.&vi.出版；发表；刊登()7.technique Gadj.经典的()8.publish Hn.童年，儿童时代()9.timely In.(美)地铁()10.periodically Jn.技巧，手法答案15GDEBH610IJFA
2、CB短语匹配()1.take it easyA很荣幸做某事()2.as a result B不管怎样()3.be curious about C结果；因此()4.in one way or anotherD放轻松()5.be honoured to do sth.E对好奇答案15DCEBA.默写单词1strategy n. 策略；战略；规划2beyond prep. 超出范围3sufficient adj. 充足的4input n. 输入；投入5context n. 上下文；语境；背景6memorisation n. 记忆7sharp adj. 急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的8arrangeme
3、nt n. 计划；安排9odd adj. 奇特的10novel n. 小说.语境填词timely；classic；sharp；periodically；subway；beyond；publish；worldwide；childhood；technique1His books have sold more than 20 million copies worldwide2Except for her illnesses，she had had a particularly happy childhood3It is a classic style of Gothic building.4The
4、exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.5Pictures of the suspect were published in all the daily papers.6The artist combines different techniques in the same painting.7The extension of the subway will take several months.8The wind was not as sharp and cruel as it had been.9A nasty inc
5、ident was prevented by the timely arrival of the police.10We will refresh this information periodically to keep our system updated.语法填空之派生词1This is a simplified(simplify) example，but it illustrates the pattern.2She speaks no Japanese and is unfamiliar(familiar) with Japanese culture.3Try to memorise
6、(memory) the names of all the people you see there tonight.4Its normally(normal) much warmer than this in July.5The region was effectively (effective) independent.6Ill make arrangements(arrange) for you to be met at the airport.7Mothers are often the ones who provide emotional(emotion) support for t
7、he family.8American English is significantly(significant) different from British English.1This is because when we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们常常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。2A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail
8、of a picture，a book or an event many years later，but no one has proved that there are people who really have photographic memories.一个有详细准确的记忆的人可以在很多年后记住一幅画、一本书或一件事的每一个细节，但没有人证明有这样的人真的有详细准确的记忆。3As most of us do not have amazing memories like them，when memorising detailed learning materials，we simply
9、need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn.由于我们大多数人没有像他们一样的惊人记忆，当我们记住详细的学习材料时，我们只需要专注于重要的想法，并对我们学到的东西好奇。4Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known
10、.另一种有效的记忆方法是将相似的想法或信息组合在一起，这样它们就可以很容易地与已知的事物联系起来。5This means timely review during this period，with a few revisits to what is learnt，can significantly help us to remember the information.这意味着在这段时间内及时复习，再复习一下所学的知识，可以大大帮助我们记住这些信息。名师圈点childhood n童年，儿童时代especially adv.特别地；尤其emotional adj.情感上的；情绪上的experie
11、nce v经历excitement n兴奋，激动as a result结果；因此as a result of.由于retell vt.重讲，复述fix v使固定；安装；决定，确定(日期、时间、数量等)；安排；组织photographic adj.详细准确的；照片的；摄影的detail n细节；详情detailed adj.详细的amazing adj.令人惊奇的amazed adj.惊奇的；惊讶的Daniel Tammet英国人丹尼尔塔梅4岁时经历了一场痉挛，从此世界在他眼里变得截然不同他的两个感官神奇地联系在了一起。他的运算能力也非常惊人，一分钟内就可以算出37的4次方是多少，或者13除以9
12、7，然后给出小数点后32位的数字。helicopter n直升机limited adj.有限的memorise vt.记忆；记住be curious about对好奇memorisation n记忆technique n技巧，手法natural adj.自然的；自然而然的publish vt.& vi.出版；发表；刊登present vt.呈现curve n曲线，弧线sharp adj.急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的timely adj.适时的，及时的review v复习revisit vt.重新考虑，再次讨论significantly adv.显著地；重大地periodically adv.定
13、期地effective adj.有效的definitely adv.肯定；确实take it easy 放轻松原文呈现THE SECRETS OF YOUR MEMORYMemory expert Jemima Gryaznov answers some of the most common questions about memory.1Why can I remember events in my childhoodbut not what happened last week?We remember things that have strong connections in our m
14、ind，especiallyemotionalconnections.1 Childhood memories are often very emotional.This is because when we experiencethings for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.Also，interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and again.As a result，we remember
15、 them much better，as retellingevents helps fixexperiences in our memories.What can we learn from all this？When remembering something new，try to connect it to our emotions.It is important to connect it with what we already know.2 Also，we can try to retell what we have learnt to a few others.1that引导定语
16、从句，修饰先行词things。2what引导宾语从句，作with的宾语。2Do some people really have a photographicmemory?A person with a photographic memory could remember every detailof a picture，a book or an event many years later，but no one has proved that there are people who really have photographic memories.Yet，there are some pe
17、ople who do have amazing memories.For example，Daniel Tammetcan remember the first 22，514 digits of pi() and Stephen Wiltshire can draw a detailed picture of a city from memory after flying over it in a helicopter.They are both good at remembering particular things for a limitedtime.As most of us do
18、not have amazing memories like them，when memorisingdetailed learning materials，we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious aboutwhat we learn.Asking questions about what we learn also helps with memorisation.Another effective techniqueto remember things is to group similar ideas or
19、 information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known.33so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便；为了”。3Why do I forget the new words that I learnt yesterday?Dont worry.This is naturalfor many people.In 1885，Hermann Ebbinghaus publisheda book called Memory and presenteda famous forg
20、etting curve.According to him，the sharpestloss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.This means timelyreviewduring this period，with a few revisitsto what is learnt，can significantlyhelp us to remember the information.Therefore，one of the golden rules to increase how much we re
21、member is to review the material periodically，especially during the first day after learning.This “spaced review” soon after learning helps build stronger memories and it is more effectivethan waiting to review everything before exams.4Im 16，but I sometimes forget things.Is my memory getting worse?D
22、efinitelynot.Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 25.At that point，we can remember up to 200 pieces of information in a second.After this age，however，the brain starts to get smaller.By the age of 40， we lose10，000 brain cells every day.By middle age，our memory is significantly worse than
23、when we were young.So take it easy.You are at a good age in terms of your memory.Make good use of it！译文参考你记忆的秘密记忆专家杰迈玛格里耶兹诺夫关于记忆的一些最普通问题的回答。1为什么我能记起童年的事，却记不起上周发生的事？我们记得那些在我们脑海中有很强联系的事情，特别是情感联系。童年的记忆往往是非常感人的。这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们常常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。而且，我们童年的有趣或有趣的故事经常被一次又一次地讲出来。因此，我们会更好地记住它们，因为复述事件有助于巩固我们记忆中的经
24、历。我们能从这些中学到什么？当记住一些新的东西时，试着把它和我们的情绪联系起来。把它和我们已经知道的联系起来是很重要的。同时，我们也可以尽力把我们所学的重新讲给其他一些人听。2有些人真的有详细准确的记忆吗？一个有详细准确的记忆的人可以在很多年后记住一幅画、一本书或一件事的每一个细节，但没有 人证明有这样的人真的有详细准确的记忆。例如，丹尼尔塔梅可以记住的前22 514个数字，而斯蒂芬威尔夏可以用直升机从一个城市上空飞过，从记忆中描绘出一个城市的详细画面。他们都擅长在有限的时间内记住特定的事情。由于我们大多数人没有像他们一样的惊人记忆，当我们记忆详细的学习材料时，我们只需要专注于重要的想法，并对
25、我们所学到的东西好奇。询问我们学的知识也有助于记忆。另一种有效的记忆方法是将相似的想法或信息组合在一起，这样它们就可以很容易地与已知的事物联系起来。3为什么我忘了昨天学的生词？别担心，这对很多人来说是很自然的。1885年，赫尔曼艾宾浩斯出版了一本名为记忆的书，并提出了著名的遗忘曲线。据他说，最严重的失忆发生在学习后的早期。这意味着在这段时间内及时复习，再复习一下所学的知识，可以大大帮助我们记住这些信息。因此，增加记忆量的黄金法则之一是定期复习材料，特别是在学习后的第一天。这种在学习后不久的“间隔复习”有助于建立更强的记忆，而且比考试前等待复习更有效。4我16岁，但有时会忘记一些事情。我的记忆力
26、变差了吗？当然不是。我们的记忆力在25岁时达到了顶峰。在这个时间上，我们可以在一秒钟内记住多达200条信息。然而，在这个年龄之后，大脑开始变小。到了40岁，我们每天失去10 000个脑细胞。到了中年，我们的记忆力明显比年轻时差。所以别紧张。从你记忆的角度讲你正处在一个记性很好的年龄。好好利用它！速读P5859教材课文，完成下列任务.阅读判断判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：1Childhood memories are emotional because when we experience things for the first time，we often have s
27、trong feelings.ARight.BWrong.CNot mentioned.2There are really many people with a photographic memory.ARight. BWrong. CNot mentioned.3Stephen Wiltshire can remember the first 22，514 digits of pi()ARight. BWrong. CNot mentioned.4According to Hermann Ebbinghaus，the sharpest loss of memory occurs as tim
28、e goes by.ARight. BWrong. CNot mentioned.5Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 40.ARight. BWrong. CNot mentioned.答案15ABBBB.补全信息选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息Awhat we learnBhow much we rememberCwhat we already knowDwhen memorising detailed learning materialsEwho really have a photographic memory1
29、It is important to connect something new with 2No one has proved that there are such people 3As most of us do not have amazing memories like Daniel Tammet or Stephen Wiltshire， ，we simply need to focus on the important ideas.4Asking questions about also helps with memorisation.5One of the golden rul
30、es to increase is to review the material periodically.答案15CEDAB.表格填空Why can I remember events in my childhood but not what happened last week？Above all，we remember things that have strong connections in our mind，especially 1.emotional connections.Memories in 2.childhood are often emotional because w
31、hen we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or 3.excitementAlso，interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and again.Do some people really have a photographic memory？No one has proved that there are people with 4.photographic memories.B
32、ut there are some people who have amazing memories such as Daniel Tammet and 5.Stephen Wiltshire.We need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn.Asking questions helps with 6.memorisation.Why do I forget the new words that I learnt yesterday？The sharpest loss of memory 7.o
33、ccurs during the very early period after learning.8.Reviewing what is learnt helps us remember the information.Im 16，but I sometimes forget things.Is my memory getting worse？Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 9.25We can remember up to 200 pieces of information in a 10.second.After that
34、point，the brain starts to get smaller.By middle age，our memory declines.细读P5859教材课文，完成下列任务.主旨匹配1Para.1AThe reason we forget newlylearnt things.2Para.2 BThe age and the memory.3Para.3 CPhotographic memories and advice for us to memorise things.4Para.4 DThe reason for remembering events in childhood.答
35、案14DCAB.单项选择1Why are childhood memories very emotional?ABecause we often have strong feelings of fear and excitement.BBecause they have strong connections in our mind.CBecause they are interesting or funny.DBecause they are what have learnt.2The reason for Daniel Tammet can remember the first 22，514
36、 digits of pi() is that Ahe has a photographic memoryBhe is good at remembering particular thingsChe can draw a detailed pictureDhe has learnt it many years ago3According to Hermann Ebbinghaus book，we should Areview during the early period after learningBreview during the later period after learning
37、Creview everything before examsDreview everything after exams4People have the most powerful memory at the age of .A40B25Cbefore 25 Dafter 405When does the sharpest loss of memory occur?ADuring the very early period after learning.BDuring the first three days after learning.CDuring the first week aft
38、er learning.DDuring the first hour after learning.答案15ABABA.读后续写/概要写作微技能A阅读课文中含有给出建议的语句。1When remembering something new，try to connect it to our emotions.2.when memorising detailed learning materials，we simply need to focus on the important ideas.3Another effective technique to remember things is to
39、 group similar ideas or information together.B判断下列语句哪些不是给出建议的语句。1Therefore，one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember is to review the material periodically.2By middle age，our memory is significantly worse than when we were young.3Also，we can try to retell what we have learnt to a few
40、others. 答案21simple adj.简单的；朴素的；易于理解的simplify vt.简化simplified adj.简化了的2familiar adj.熟悉的；了解的familiarity n熟悉；通晓unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的，不了解的3memory n记忆；记忆力memorise vt.记住；熟记4normal adj.通常的；平常的normally adv.通常，平常abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的；畸形的5effect n效果；影响effective adj.有效的effectively adv.有效地6arrange v计划；安排arrangeme
41、nt n计划；安排7emotion n情绪；情感emotional adj.情感上的；情绪上的8excite vt.使兴奋；使激动exciting adj.令人兴奋的；令人激动的excited adj.感到兴奋的；感到激动的excitement n激动；兴奋1beyond prep.在(或向)较远的一边；晚于；迟于；超出；除之外The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.在(或向)较远的一边I know what Ill be doing for the next three weeks but I havent though
42、t beyond that.晚于；迟于Our success was far beyond what we thought possible.超出2sharp adj.锋利的，尖的；急剧的，猛烈的；骤然的(变化)；清楚明确的；鲜明的；敏锐的So I have a sharp knife in my hand now.锋利的There was a sharp increase in unemployment.急剧的She drew a sharp distinction between domestic and international politics.清楚明确的He kept a shar
43、p lookout for any strangers.敏锐的Words and Phrases simplified adj.简化了的(教材P56)to read simplified classic works阅读简化了的作品例1Last night，the president presented a shorter，simplified version of his speech.昨晚，总统发表了一番更加简短明了的演讲。例2Millions of people want new，simplified ways of interacting with a computer.数以百万计的人们
44、想要新的简化方式实现人机交互。造句上面的例子是简化了的。The example above is simplified.知识拓展simple adj.简单的；朴素的simplify vt. 简化simplification n. 简化；单纯化simply adv. 简单地；朴素地即学即练单句语法填空I hope his appointment will simplify(simple) matters.A number of simplifications(simple) have been made to the taxation system.小片段助记He simplified that
45、 formula.The simplification made it look simpler, and we can use it simply. arrangement n计划；安排；整理(教材P58)facts and arrangements事实和安排例1If you are agreeable，my husbands office will make all the necessary arrangements.如果你同意，我丈夫的事务所将作出所有必要的安排。例2We made arrangements with them to meet in a week.我们和他们约定一星期内
46、见面。造句我们学院负责筹办这次会议。Our college is to make arrangements for the meeting.知识拓展(1)make an arrangement筹备；安排(2)arrange vt. 安排；整理；筹备arrange (for) sth. 安排；协商arrange sth.for sb. 为某人安排某事arrange for sb.to do sth. 安排某人做某事arrange (with sb.) to do sth. 安排(与某人)做某事即学即练单句语法填空Ive arranged to go(go) with him to tomorro
47、ws football match.The staff will be happy to help arrange for you to swim，sail，or waterski.The hotel manager will arrange for a babysitter.小片段助记My old brother made an arrangement for the coming party.He arranged for me to buy some decorations. as a result结果；因此(教材P58)As a result，we remember them much
48、 better，as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.因此，我们会更好地记住它们，因为复述事件有助于巩固我们记忆中的经历。例1As a result，they rarely collect data，or only after a problem has been detected.结果，它们很少收集数据，或者只在检测到问题后才收集数据。例2As a result，software built for one will not easily run on the other.结果是，为某个平台开发的软件不易于在另一个
49、平台运行。造句结果，日产量翻了一番。As a result，daily output has doubled.知识拓展as a result of由于result in 导致，造成result from 由于；由引起即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换When you do something with faith，it will result in success.Childrens fear and dislike of books may result from being made to read aloud before others.As a result of his illness，
50、he was late for class.Its generally believed that his cancer resulted from the overfull tiredness.Its generally believed that the overfull tiredness resulted in his cancer.Its generally believed that he suffered from cancer as a result of the overfull tiredness. sharp adj.急剧的；猛烈的；尖的，锋利的；敏锐的(教材P59)Ac
51、cording to him，the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.据他说，最严重的失忆发生在学习后的早期。例1With a sharp knife，make diagonal slashes in the chicken breast.用锋利的刀子斜着切开鸡胸脯。例2His nose was thin and sharp.他的鼻子又细又尖。造句他很机敏、思维敏捷并且能机智应答。He is very sharp，a quick thinker and swift with r
52、epartee.知识拓展sharp call/corner/turn尖叫/尖角/急转弯look sharp 看上去很精神；注意sharply adv. 急剧地；锐利地sharpen vt. 削尖；使锋利即学即练单句语法填空The report was sharply(sharp) critical of the police.The lead broke on this pencil，so I have to sharpen(sharp) it. significantly adv.显著地；重大地(教材P59)This means timely review during this perio
53、d，with a few revisits to what is learnt，can significantly help us to remember the information.这意味着在这段时间内及时复习，再复习一下所学的知识，可以大大帮助我们记住这些信息。例1The two sets of figures are not significantly different.这两组数字没有明显差别。例2The French entente with Great Britain had already been significantly extended.法国和英国之间友好协议的范围已
54、经大幅度拓宽。造句但他们在所有其他测试中明显表现的更好。But they performed significantly better in all other tests.知识拓展(1)significant adj.有意义的，显著的，意味深长的a significant look/smile 意味深长的表情/微笑(2)significance n. 重要性；意义be of no/great significance 无关紧要的/意义重大的即学即练单句语法填空Profits have increased significantly (significant) over the past fe
55、w years.Television is of great significance(significant)in shaping our ideas.recommend vt.推荐，介绍；建议，劝告(教材P108)I would recommend that you try simplified classic literature，such as short stories and novels rewritten in simple English.我建议你试试简单的经典文学作品，比如用易于理解的英语重写的短篇故事和小说。例1I recommend the book to all my
56、 students.我向我所有的学生推荐这本书。例2The report recommended a 10% pay increase.报告提议工资增加10%。造句我们建议你早点儿预订航班。Wed recommend you to book your flight early.知识拓展(1)向某人推荐某物recommend sb.for. 推荐某人做(某职位)recommend sb.as. 推荐某人为(2)recommend doing sth. 建议做某事recommend sb.to do sth. 建议某人做某事recommend that sb.(should)do建议(从句用虚拟语
57、气)即学即练单句语法填空My teacher recommended a book on English study to me.I recommend you to obey (obey) the safety regulations.I recommend going(go) by air for a tour somewhere. effectively adv.有效地(教材P108).Im sure you can learn English effectively.我相信你能有效地学习英语。例1The company must reduce costs to compete effe
58、ctively.公司要有效地参与竞争必须降低成本。例2You dealt with the situation very effectively.你应付那种局面很有一套。造句你如何有效地管理所有这些东西？How do you effectively manage all the stuff?知识拓展(1)effect n效果，作用；影响in effect 实际上；事实上be of no effect 无效；没有作用put/bring.into effect 实施；使生效come into effect 开始生效；开始实施have an effect on 对产生影响take effect 见效
59、；开始实施(2)effective adj. 有效的即学即练单句语法填空All our efforts were of no effect.This will，in effect，make your television a computer.Long prison sentences can be a very effective(effect) deterrent for offenders.小片段助记The new regulation will come into effect on May 1，2022，which will have an effect on traffic.Peo
60、ple think it is an effective way to stop drunk driving.Sentence Patternthis is because.“这是因为”(教材P58)This is because when we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们常常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。句式分析句中This is because.意为“这是因为”，其中because引导的从句在句中作表语，Thi
61、s有时可用It/That替换，指代上文提到的事实。例1I believe this is because I never loved him.我相信这是因为我从来没有爱过他。例2This is because it requires each member of the team to think differently.这是因为它要求小组内的每个成员的想法都不同。造句这是因为植物可以从空气、水和阳光中制造食物。This is because plants can make food from air，water and sunlight.知识拓展Thats why.“那是的原因”，why后接
62、结果。Thats because. “那是因为”，because后接原因。The reason why.is that.“的理由是”，reason作主语时表语从句用that引导。The reason that/which.is that.的理由是(that/which引导定语从句)即学即练单句语法填空Thats why we see the colours spread out like a rainbow.The reason why he was successful was that he had worked hard.He has heart disease.That is beca
63、use he has been smoking too much. The reason that/which he gave for his being late was that he got up late.教材高考1.facts and arrangements(2020天津卷)Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.2.As a result, we remember them much better, as retelling events helps fix experiences in
64、 our memories.(2020江苏卷)As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first.4.I would recommend that you try simplified classic literature, such as short stories and novels rewritten in simple English.(2020全国卷)What does the speaker recommend at the end of
65、 his lecture？.单句语法填空1Ill have enough money in my pocket so that I can pay them off.2That is why our marriages fail，and we have all this fighting.3You may find this a bit overcomplicated，so I will simplify(simple) it.4We recommend that you (should) start(start) by reading the first article in this se
66、ries.5We have to be experts in all aspects of communication in order to do this effectively(effective)6She telephoned Ellen，but made no arrangements(arrange) to see her.7The injury resulted in the loss of sight in one eye.8Please sharpen(sharp) the edge of this axe.9Ideas about the social significan
67、ce(significant) of religion have changed over time.10Professor Smiths lecture on body language was so important that all of the students took it seriously(serious).短语填空take it easy；as a result；be curious about；in one way or another；be honoured to do1Every one of them can be helpful in one way or ano
68、ther2Dont be curious about things you are not supposed to know.3I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech.4Just take it easy，maybe spend some time with old friends.5As a result，there are fewer blacks and Hispanics on campus in the state.课文语法填空We remember things that have strong connections
69、 in our mind，especially 1.emotional(emotion) connections.Memories in childhood are often emotional because when we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or 2.excitement(excite)Try to connect something to our emotions and retell 3.what we have learnt to a few othe
70、rs.A person with a 4.photographic (photograph) memory could remember every detail of a picture，a book or an event for a long time，but no one has proved that there are people 5.with photographic memories.But there are some people who have 6.amazing(amaze) memories such as Daniel Tammet and Stephen Wi
71、ltshire.We need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn.Asking questions helps with memorisation.The 7.sharpest (sharp) loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.8.Reviewing(review) what is learnt helps us remember the information.Our memory reaches
72、 its full power at the age of 25.After that point，the brain starts to get 9.smaller(small)By middle age，our memory is worse 10.than when we were young.主谓一致观察例句1Following Janes way of studying chimps，our group are all going to visit them in the forest.2Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first
73、 activity of the day.3Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.4Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.5Ten hours has passed since I came here.归纳用法一、名词作主语时的主谓一致1只表示复数意义的名词people，poli
74、ce，cattle等，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.警察正在搜寻一个留着胡子、皮肤黝黑的高个子男人。2集体名词crowd，family，team，group，government，committee，class，union，firm，staff，public等作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，强调各个成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。As far as I know，his family is a big one.(强调整体
75、)据我所知，他家是一个大家庭。When I visited them yesterday，the family were having dinner.(强调成员)昨天当我拜访他们时，他们一家人正在吃饭。3只作不可数名词的集体名词clothing，furniture，baggage/luggage，scenery，jewellery，equipment等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 His luggage is very heavy，and he needs someone to help him.他的行李很重，需要有人帮他一下。The scenery of this mountainous
76、area is beautiful，which has attracted many tourists.这个山区的风景很美，吸引了很多游客。4单复数同形的名词means，sheep，deer等作主语时，根据其表达的单复数的意义而定。All possible means have been tried，but none of which is perfect.所有可能的方法都试了，但是没有一个是完美的。Every possible means has been tried and the result is very good.每一个可能的方法都试了而且结果非常好。5只有复数形式的名词goods
77、，clothes，remains等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The goods of the store are of high quality.这个商店的货物质量好。Her clothes are always beautiful and fashionable.她的衣服总是很漂亮而且时尚。6表示成双成套的名词glasses，trousers，shoes，scissors，gloves等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。My shoes dont fit my feet，so I have to buy another pair.我的鞋不合脚，因此我只好再买一双。The glasses sh
78、e bought yesterday are very expensive.她昨天买的眼镜很贵。名师点津表示成双成套的名词前若有pair of，type of等修饰时，谓语动词根据量词的形式而定。A new pair of glasses was bought yesterday for her by her friend.昨天她的朋友为她买了一副新眼镜。即学即练1单句语法填空His family is(be) poor and he used to work hard to support his family.My family are (be) going on a trip this
79、summer.Look! Those cattle are (be) eating grass on the hill now.二、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致主语谓语动词由and或both.and连接，其内容是复数复数由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.等连接就近原则主语后有with，together with，along with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except等词或短语时单复数与前面的主语一致Jim and Mary are specialists in cancer r
80、esearch.吉姆和玛丽是癌症研究专家。Both Jim and his parents were sitting in the shade of a large tree.吉姆和他父母都坐在一棵大树的树荫下。Either you or the president is to deliver a speech about the topic.关于这个主题，要么你要么主席来发表演讲。Not only he but also I look down upon those who always rely on others.不仅仅他，我也瞧不起那些一直依赖别人的人。Neither the stud
81、ents nor the teacher knows the reason why she behaved strangely.学生和老师都不知道她行为怪异的原因。名师点津and与谓语动词的单数(1)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no，each，many a，every等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。Each teacher and (each) student was given a ticket.每一位老师和学生都发了一张票。Every hour and (every) minute is important for us.每一小时和每一分钟对我们都很重要。(2)当and连接的两个词指同一个人
82、或物时，谓语动词要用单数。The writer and poet is coming soon.那位作家兼诗人很快就要来了。(同一个人，注意poet前无冠词)All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。My neighbour and colleague is watering the flowers.我的邻居，也是我的同事，正在浇花。即学即练2单句语法填空Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，is regarded(regard) as one of the b
83、est allround forms of exercise.A library with five thousand books was offered(offer) to the area as a gift last year.Each actor and each actress was (be) invited to our school yesterday.三、数量概念作主语时的主谓一致1表示时间、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Five minutes isnt enough to finish this work.要完成这项工作，5分钟是不够的。2
84、some，most，rest及分数、百分数等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据所代替的名词而定。 Most of the workers are against the plan.大部分工人反对这个计划。(指代可数名词复数)The rest of the fresh water has been shipped to the city.剩下的淡水已被送入城中。(指代不可数名词)3“a number of可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是，“the number of可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。A number of students have made up thei
85、r minds to take part in afterschool activities.许多学生已经下定决心参加课外活动。The number of students who have made up their minds to take part in afterschool activities is 120.已经下定决心参加课外活动的学生人数是120.即学即练3单句语法填空Many people say 1，000 dollars is(be) a lot of money.About 70 percent of the earths surface is covered (co
86、ver)with water.The number of the students in middle school is (be) increasing year on year.The rest of the girls are (be) fond of music.四、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致1either，each，little，much等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Each of the books is worth reading.每本书都值得读。2both，few，many，several等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Both of the sisters are inte
87、rested in medicine.姐妹俩都对医学感兴趣。3all指可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；若指不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。All are present at the meeting today.今天所有的人都参加了会议。All of the information is very important.所有的信息都很重要。4none指可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可；若指不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。None of them is/are aware of the danger.他们中没有人意识到危险。即学即练4单句语法填空Since
88、 everyone is (be)here，lets begin our meeting.None of the information about him has(have) been received.All are (be) willing to reach an agreement.五、其他情况作主语时的主谓一致1单个动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。To read English aloud every morning is of great benefit to your English study.每天早晨朗读英语对你的英语学习大有好处。Stari
89、ng at someone in public is impolite.在公众场合盯着某人看是不礼貌的。2当what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。What he said has been recorded.他说的话已被录音。What we badly need are good teachers.我们急需的是好老师。3there be句型中，be动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词一致。There is a table and four chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。4定语从句中关系代词作主语，谓语动词与先行词一致。Mr.Smith，who is
90、now downstairs，is asking to see you.史密斯先生要见你，他现在就在楼下。5theadj.指一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数。The rich make slaves of the poor.富人把穷人变成奴隶。即学即练5单句语法填空What I say and think are (be) none of your business.There is(be) an old temple and some ancient trees on the top of the mountain.Having a balanced diet in our daily lif
91、e is(be) good to us all.单句语法填空1I，who am (be) your close friend，will try my best to help you out of trouble.2My father，together with his workmates，has (have) been to Beijing.3Listening to music makes (make) me relaxed after a busy day.4The number of employees was(be) reduced from 40 to 25.5Not only t
92、he teacher but also his students like (like) playing football.6The population of China is (be) larger than that of any other country in the world.7The injured in the accident were (be) all taken to the nearby hospital.8Fifty dollars is (be) too expensive for the pen and you should think about it car
93、efully.9Few of his family are (be) in support of him，which makes him very sad.10It is said that everybody is (be) going to take part in the game this afternoon.短文语法填空The Netherlands 1.is(be) one of the most beautiful countries in Europe，so Tom and Jack decided to travel there.The first day，they enjo
94、yed the sunrise.Milk and a hamburger 2.was(be) a good breakfast for them.Not only did they take part in activities，but they tasted many delicious foods.Every boy and every girl in the Netherlands 3.was(be)friendly to them.The second day，Tom as well as Jack，4.was(be) going to visit a forested area.In
95、 Toms opinion，wolves or tigers 5.are(be)dangerous animals，so he expected to come across either of them.Along the path which was full of bushes，and different kinds of butterflies 6.were(be) flitting from flower to flower.The government 7.has(have) taken plenty of measures to protect the area，so the s
96、urroundings 8.were(be)so attractive.Even though the wild animals didnt appear，they completely enjoyed this scenery around them.What 9.is(be)the most important thing in your life？Through this journey，Tom and Jack understand even if the wonderful time is so short，its just like a flash of beauty，while the more you enjoy the moment youre in，the more treasures it will bring.And many a moment still 10.keeps(keep) the memory，then frames the eternal happiness.