1、【短语典句考点】1. die out 完全消失，灭绝【经典例句】That custom died out years ago.那种风俗许多前就消失了。Millions of years ago, dinosaurs died out.数百万前，恐龙灭绝了。【考点聚焦】1）作“完全消失”讲时，常指习惯、声音、烟雾等消失，例如：Many old customs have died out.许多旧的风俗已不复存在。2）作“灭绝”讲时， 常指稀奇动植物灭绝。With the forest being cut off, more and more rare animals and plants are
2、dying out. 随着森林的被砍伐，越来越多的稀有动植物正在濒临灭绝。3）由die构成的其他短语：be dying for（口语）渴望，很想die away逐渐停止，逐渐消失die back植物枝叶枯萎 die down逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊 die hard旧习惯等难改掉，难消失2）辨析die of和die from 的用法：die of指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿等，die from则指由于外伤或不注意的原因而死亡，但from常以of代替。【活学活用】词语替换：1.Tribes and tribal customs went away centuries ago.2.I am eager for
3、 a box of chocolates.3.Rabbits were dying one after another in that county.4. The tribes and tribal customs disappeared centuries ago.5) After the excitement of the audience became weak the speaker restarted his speech.答案： 1）died out 2）dying for 3）dying off 4）died out 5)died down课文句子和翻译1. In 1878, w
4、hen Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote “beauty is in the eye of the beholder ”, she was stating that there was no consistent view on beauty. 1879，玛格丽特沃尔夫撰写“情人眼里出西施”时，她声称，关于“美”，没有始终如一的观点。【剖析】1)这是一个主从复合句，when引导一个时间状语从句Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote “beauty is in the eye of the beholder ”, she was statin
5、g是主句, that引导一个宾语从句there was no consistent view on beauty. 2) There was no consistent view on sth.在某方面没有统一的标准。【拓展】过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。有下面三种情况：1）主要用来描述一件事发生的背景，当从句是一个长动作，用一般过去时态时，主句是一个短动作，用过去进行时态，本句属于此类。2）在过去某个时间点发生的动作，时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示，常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,
6、last evening, when, while等。如：Mary was making a dress when she cut her finger. 玛丽在做衣服时，割着手指了。When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。3）在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。 2. Traditions and fashions,
7、like society itself, change and adapt with time, so it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well. 传统和时尚如同社会本身，与时俱进, 因此，外面的审美观点也在改变。【剖析】1）这是一个由so连接的并列复合句，第一个并列句是Traditions and fashions, like society itself, change and adapt with time , 第二个并列句是it is reasonable, 其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that our id
8、eas of beauty change as well。2）Sth. change and adapt with time. 与时俱进。【拓展】it常常在下面的句型中作形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的从句：It is reasonable/clear/strange/obvious/true/possible/ certain that 常译为：那是有理由的/清楚/奇怪的/显然的/真的/可能的/肯定的/。It也可以用作形式宾语，真正的宾语由that 引导的宾语从句担当, 例如：I think it reasonable/clear/strange/obvious/true/possib
9、le/ certain thatI think it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well.此句型也可改为I think it reasonable that，其中，reasonable作宾语it的补足语，如：I think it reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well. 3. In 19th -century Europe, women used to wear corsets to achieve a body shape that is no longer
10、considered healthy. 十九世纪的欧洲，妇女们身着紧身衣以塑身，而今这早已被认为是不健康的。【剖析】这是一个主从复合句，women used to wear corsets是主句, that is no longer considered healthy是一个限制性定语从句,修饰a body shape， healthy是形容词作主语的补足语。【拓展】1)主语补足语和宾语补足语可以互换。主动语态的宾语补足语在被动语态中，改为主语补足语。We consider him humorous. He is considered humorous. 我们认为他很幽默。2）used常常有下
11、面的三种句型：Sb. used to + do表示某人过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。Sb. be used to + doing 某人对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。Sth. is used to do sth. 某物被用来做成另一种东西。4. In the past, some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes, to show family associations or to mark criminals so that they could easily be recognized.过去，
12、一些文化把纹身当作一种装束的附属物，用来展示家庭关系或是用来给罪犯打上印记，以易于分辨。【剖析】1）这是一个主从复合句，some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes是主句, so that引导一个状语从句，含有情态动词，称为目的状语从句。如：Now in the streets, many girls are wearing corsets so that they can look slim. 现在，在大街上，很多的女孩穿着紧身衣服，为的是看起来苗条。2）useas用当作。如： In ancient times, animals
13、skin was often used as shawls. 在古代，动物的毛皮常常当作披肩。【拓展】 an addition 表示“一个附加的人和物”，常和介词to连用。如：Our baby brother is an addition to our family. 新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。下面是addition的常用短语：have an addition to the family 添人口in addition加上, 另外，常作状语。with the addition of 增加in addiction常与to连用，表示“除了之外”。如：In addition to gene, i
14、ntelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a decent home environment.除了遗传基因外,智力的高低还取决于良好的营养,良好的教育和良好的家庭环境。5. In other cultures, looking thin for a husband-to-be is not what a woman desires at allrather, looking a little overweight is considered more attractive. 在其他文化中，女人根本不想在
15、未来丈夫眼中显得苗条， 而身材稍微丰满、圆润才更加迷人。【剖析】1）这是一个主从复合句，looking thin for a husband-to-be is not是主句, what引导一个名词性从句作表语，称为表语从句。looking thin是动名词作主语表示一件事情。2)破折号起到解释作用，相当于一个并列连词while。rather副词，意为“相反地, 倒不如说 更”.3)looking a little overweight is considered more attractive. 动名词looking a little overweight是主语，本句用了被动语态，形容词att
16、ractive作主语的补足语。4）此处的两个look都是连系动词，意为“看起来”，其后接形容词。 【拓展】1）what 引导名词性从句表示“人或事物”，构成主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，如：The question what makes the matter worse has been puzzling me. 情况更糟的问题一直在困惑着我。（同位语从句） The teacher told us he wanted to take back what he had said. 老师告诉我们他想收回他说过的话。（宾语从句）She is no longer what she used
17、 to be. 她不是过去的她了。（表语从句）2）what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。如：Please tell me what you are doing here on earth! 请告诉我你究竟在这里干什么！（what 在从句中作宾语，表示“什么事情”）It is the ability to do the job, not what she is, that matters. 重要的是（她）做这项工作的能力，而不是她是什么人。（what 在从句中作表语，表示“什么情况”）Are you sure what books he likes reading? 你知道他喜欢读什么
18、书吗？（what 在从句中作定语，表示“什么样的”） 6. With the influence of history, society and culture, there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful. 受社会，时代和文化的影响，没有一定的标准来衡量美。【剖析】1)这是一个主从复合句，there are no precise criteria是主句, which can be used to judge是一个限制性定语从句,修饰criteria， what is beautiful是
19、judge的宾语从句。2)with加名词，构成介词短语，表示伴随意义，作伴随状语，【拓展】judge 及物动词，意为“判断”，常构成下面的短语：judge by /from appearances由外观上判断judge from the fact由事实上推测judge between right and wrong判断是非so far as I can judge据我判断, 我认为judging by /from 根据.来判断Dont judge by appearances.人不可以貌相。如：We cant judge what he really meant by doing so til
20、l we know all he did.我们只有了解了全部情况后,才能对他这样做的真实意图作出判断。7. The human race would soon die out if we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria. 假若我们用一套有限的标准来看待美，人类不久将灭绝。【剖析】这是一个主从复合句，The human race would soon die out是主句, if引导一个条件状语从句we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria. 本句
21、是一个虚拟语气句，表示与现在情况有关的假设。 【拓展】 if引导虚拟语气，当表示将来不太可能实现的愿望或表示与将来事实有可能相反时，从句中的谓语动词有三种形式：动词的过去式，should+动词原形，were to+动词原形。虚拟条件句谓语形式主句谓语形式动词过去式wereshould would could might 动词原形should were to动词原形如：If I should cut down my weight by eating little in a month, I would prefer to only drink water.如果通过少吃在一个月内能够减肥，我宁愿只
22、喝水。If it were Sunday tomorrow，we wouldnt have an exam.如果明天星期天，我们就不用考试了。（事实是明天不是星期天） If you were to visit the school，you would see me.如果你去那所学校参观，你就可以看见我。 If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 如果我还会做这件事，我一定用不同的方法。 If I were in school again, I would work harder.如果还有机会去上学，我一定更加好好学习。 8. W
23、e are influenced by our culture, our biology and our time in history to notice physical beauty quickly and easily, but it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see. 受文化、社会和历史时期的制约，我们能够快速地、轻而易举的判定外在的美。但是，内在美才真正需要我们去观察和领悟。【剖析】这是一个由but连接的并列复合句，第一个并列句是We are influenced, 第二个并列句是it is inner beauty tha
24、t requires us to truly see. 同时又是一个强调句。强调了inner beauty，改为陈述句为inner beauty requires us to truly see. 【拓展】强调句型是It is /was +强调部分that/ who+剩余部分。强调句的作用是加强语气，把It is/was that .省略后，整体意义不受影响。 如：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab y
25、esterday evening.在中，常常利用特殊疑问形式考查强调句。如：Who is it that educate us heart and soul? 是谁全心全意地教育我们？A Tranquil Night By Li BaiBefore my bed a frost of light, Is it hoarftost upon the ground?Eyes raised, I see the moon so bright;Head bent, in homesickness I am drowned. 静夜思李白床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。【剖析】第一行是一个
26、倒装省略句。补充后是Before my bed shines a frost of light. A frost of light shines before my bed. 皎洁的月光射到床前。第二行是一个一般疑问句。Is it hoarftost upon the ground? 那是地上的霜花吗？第三行是一个简单句。Eyes raised, I see the moon so bright;抬起头来，看到月光那样明亮。Eyes raised,是一个独立主格结构，省略了介词with, with eyes raised作伴随状语，eyes 和raised是被动关系， raised 是过去分词
27、做eyes 的补足语。Bright 明亮的，作moon补足语，说明moon的特点。第四行是一个简单句。Head bent, in homesickness I am drowned.低着头，我陷入对家乡的思念之中。Head bent同Eyes raised一样，也是一个省略了介词with的独立主格结构，作伴随状语。head 和bent是被动关系。I am drowned in homesickness. Drowned 淹死，淹溺；沉溺于，埋头于。 be drowned in sth./doing sth. 对入迷了。【拓展】本诗的第一行和第三行的末尾词light和bright的t音押运。第二行和第四行的末尾词ground和drowned的末尾词d音押运。