1、【英语】北师大版 单词典句考点（Unit 16 Stories）名师导航【三点剖析】【单词典句考点】1. abandon vt. 放弃，遗弃【经典例句】The study shows that most of the students are afraid of being abandoned.研究表明，大多数学生都害怕怕被丢下, 无人照管。The child was found abandoned but unharmed. 该弃儿被人们发现时安然无恙。【考点聚焦】1）构词：a（加强语气） ban（禁止）don（动词后缀）禁止否定 遗弃2）同义词：desert vt. 放弃 3）作“抛弃；舍
2、弃”讲时，是及物动词， 常接人和家的名词作宾语。如：abandon ones home 离弃家园He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money. 他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。4)作“放弃；停止做（某事）”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“事物”的名词作宾语。如：They abandoned the game because of rain. 因为下雨比赛停止了。5)作“放纵；放任”讲时，是及物动词， 常接反身代词作宾语。abandon oneself to沉缅于, 陷入。如：He abandoned himself to de
3、spair. 他自暴自弃。6)abandoned作过去分词,常常用作定语或表语，表示被动意义和状态，多数修饰人。 7）abandon 和 desert的辨析 ： abandon 强调“完全、永远地遗弃”, 尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物, 例如：It is quite wrong for a teacher to abandon a student because he is naughty. 一个老师因为一个学生调皮，弃之不管是十分错误的。desert 强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”。如:The soldier deserted his country and helped
4、the enemy.那个士兵叛国助敌。【活学活用】利用上面的解释，根据句意填空：1.（上海春季，E篇改编）There is now a huge rubbish dump in the middle of this tropical paradise, covered with cars and other waste.2.He his boss and went away with all the money but now, he lives a miserable life in an house by the riverside.答案：1. abandoned 2.abandoned；
5、abandoned 2. preserve vt. 保护，保存【经典例句】The Town Council spent a lot of money to preserve the old castle and other places of historic interest.市政委员会花了不少钱来维修那座古城堡和其它古迹。The Big House Of Qiao Family (乔家大院) is a perfectly preserved old house. 乔家大院一座保存完好的宅第。【考点聚焦】1）构词：pre（=before）+ serve(服务) 2）同义词： protect
6、vt. 保护； defend vt. 防护3）派生词： preservation n. 保存； preservationist n.(对野生动物、自然区、古迹和传统事物等的)保护主义者4）作“保护”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“物”的名词作宾语。如：We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources.我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。Oil preserves metal from rust.油保护金属免于生锈。5）还作“预订；预约”讲时，是及物动词， 常接房间等的名词作宾语。如：I have reserved a
7、 room for you at the hotel. 我已在旅馆为你预订了一个房间。6）牢记下面的短语：in reserve备用的 without reserve无保留地；无条件地I believe your story without reserve. 我毫无保留地相信你说的。preservefrom保护以免be in fair preservation保存得好the preservation of world peace维护世界和平preservation of food食品保藏7) preserve sth. from being damaged 强调某古物受到保护，没有遭受侵害; p
8、rotect sth. from being doing 强调身体某部位受到保护，免遭被损害; prevent sth. from doing, stop sth. from doing , keep sth. from doing 都表示阻止某事发生。【活学活用】单项填空：1) This vase by an old woman. A. has preserved B. preserved C. preserves D. has been preserved2）The old box is because oil preserves metal from rust.A. in good pr
9、eservation B. a good preservation C. preservation D. out of good preservation答案： 1. D 2. A 3. witness vt. 目击【经典例句】Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. 警方呼吁凡是目击这一事故的人与他们联系。This old classroom has witnessed many geniuses.这个古老的教室是很多天才的见证。【考点聚焦】1）构词：wit (=visit,看)+n
10、ess (名词后缀) 2）近义词：evidence n. 证据，证言。3)作“证人,证据,证词”讲时，是可数名词，经常用作单数形式。如：He was a witness of the accident. 他是一个事件目击者These facts are a witness to his carelessness.这些事实证明了他的粗心。4）作“亲眼看见，目睹”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“物”的名词作宾语。主语是人。如：We witnessed great changes in the city. 我们目击了这个城市的巨大变化。5）作“作证,见证”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“物”的名词作宾语
11、。主语常常是物。如：The old house witnessed that the old teacher had been teaching all his life. 这所古老的房子是这位老师教书一辈子的见证。6）作“表示；表明”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示情感的名词作宾语。如：His tears witnessed the shame he felt. 他的眼泪说明他感到羞愧。7）牢记下面的短语：be a witness to sth. 成为的证据give witness to sth. 为提供证据bear false witness against sb.作对某人不利的伪证bear
12、witness to构成.的证据call. to witness传.做证人give witness on behalf of sb.为某人作证in witness of作为.的证明8）辨析witness，see，look，watch，notice的用法：witness侧重看到某事物后，能够作为证人，提供证据。see意为看见,表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体,强调看到的结果。如: Can you see the evidence of the volcano from the stone? 从这石头上看到火山的证据吗？look意为看,表示有意识地观看,强调看的动作。如: Look! Ther
13、e is a rare old vase in the hole. 看!那洞里有一个罕见的花瓶。watch意为观看;注视,指集中注意力观看。如: I watched the volcano burning for more than three hours.我观察那火山燃烧了三个多小时。notice意为看到;注意到,指有意识地注意,含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。如:He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.他发现有一股岩浆在朝他流来。【活学活用】1）The street cleaner the whole ac
14、cident at 2:00 this afternoon.2）His good health is to the success of this treatment.答案： 1. witnessed 2. a witness 4. occur vi. 发生【经典例句】When exactly did the volcano eruption occur? 那次火山爆发究竟是什么时候发生的？Heavy rains occur during a summer monsoon in the Pacific Ocean.在太平洋，暴雨出现在一个夏季季风期。The idea never occurre
15、d to me.我从来没想到这个主意。【考点聚焦】1）构词： oc（朝某个方向） cur（跑） 2）近义词：come about 发生； happen发生；take place 发生3）occur与to连用，sth. occur to sb. 浮现在某人的脑海中; 被某人想到4)作“发生”讲时，happen，是不及物动词，。如：The accident occurred at five oclock. 事故发生在五点钟。Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.这一地区经常发生地震。5)作“出现”讲时，是不及物动词。如：Do giraffes occu
16、r in Africa only?长颈鹿是不是只在非洲才有?6)作“被想起,被想到”讲时，是不及物动词，常接介词to连用。常接表示“人”的名词作宾语。如：It occurred to me to visit my teacher.我想到要去看看我的老师。It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。7）牢记下面的短语和句型：If anything should occur, . 如果发生什么事情的话, It occurred to me that . 我刚刚想到 8）occur，happen，come ab
17、out ，take place 和break out的辨析：这些词或短语都有“发生”的意思，但用法各不相同，区别如下： occur作“发生、想到、突然想起”解。例如： A big earthquake occurred in the south of China last month. happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。例如： I happened to see him on my way home. come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。例如：When Mother woke up, she didnt k
18、now what had come about. take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如： The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing. break out意思为“发生、爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。例如： After the flood, diseases broke out here and there. 【活学活用】利用上面的词组填空：1)A fire in the hospital in th
19、e mid-night. 2)It to me that she didnt know I had moved into the new house. 3)It that I saw him on my way home. 4）It didnt to him that she would refuse his invitation.答案： 1. broke out 2. occurred 3. happened4. occur5. particularly adv. 特别地，特定地【经典例句】Li Hua isnt particularly clever but diligent.李华并不特别
20、聪明,但很勤奋。A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is in response to conditions or events.大量的人类活动，尤其是关系到环境的活动，应对现状负责。【考点聚焦】1）构词：particular（特殊的） ly （副词后缀）2)作“显著地”讲时，是副词，evry much。如：He isnt particularly clever but industrious.他并不特别聪明,但很勤奋。3)作“格外，尤其”讲时，是副词=especially。如
21、：Rice grows well in their county, particularly in their village.他们县里的稻谷长得很好,他们村的尤其好。4）particular作“特殊的；独特的”讲时，是形容词，常常和介词连用。如：Her particular way of smiling left a good impression on me.她特有的微笑给我留下了美好的印象。3）particular作“细节；个别部分。”讲时，是可数名词。in particular特殊地；尤其令人，如： The work is complete in every particular. 这
22、个工作全部完成了。【活学活用】单句改错：1)(陕西, 短文改错81)I know youare particuiar interests in Human Rights.2）Is there anything youd like particular for dinner?3）She is so particularly about her housework that servants will not work for her.答案：1) particularparticularly 2) particular改为particularly 3)particularly改为particula
23、r 6.vivid /5vivid/ adj. 生动的，逼真的【经典例句】I gave my friends a vivid description of my journey.我娓娓动听地给朋友们讲述我的旅行。The changing vivid colours of the sunset fascinated the eye.日落时变化多端的色彩使人看得入迷。【考点聚焦】1) 同义词：lively adj.生动形象的，活泼的；brisk adj.轻快的，活泼的 ；反义词：rigid adj.刚硬的，呆板的2)作“活泼的；栩栩如生的”讲时，是形容词，常常修饰故事、演讲、描述等。Our tea
24、cher is a vivid young man.我们的老师是一个活泼的青。She gave the police a vivid description of the accident. 她对警察生动地描述了这次事故。3)作“鲜明的，鲜艳的（光线、色彩等）”讲时，是形容词，常常修饰颜色、服装等。The actresses were wearing vivid historical costumes.女演员们穿着鲜艳的古装。4) 辨析lively与vivid：lively生动的，活泼的，常用词，强调活泼有活力。vivid活泼的，生动的，强调给人感官上的一种印象或头脑中的认识。【活学活用】汉译
25、英：1)她对警察生动地描述了这次事故。答案： She gave the police a vivid description of the accident. 7. tease vt. & n. 嘲笑，取笑【经典例句】If you always tease others like that, youll lose the good opinion of your friends.你如果老是那样捉弄别人,你就会丧失朋友们的好感。First of all, a student must not tease the disabled classmates. Secondly, he should t
26、ry his best to take care of them. 一个学生首先禁止取笑残疾同学，第二， 要尽最大的努力帮助他们。【考点聚焦】1)构词： tea(喝茶)+ ease（使悠闲）= tease(取笑)2)转换词：tease n. 爱戏弄人的人3）作“取笑；嘲弄”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“人”的名词作宾语。如：If you always tease others like that, youll forfeit the good opinion of your friends.你如果老是那样捉弄别人,你就会丧失朋友们的好感。4）作“爱戏弄人的人”讲时，是可数名词， 经常用作单数形
27、式，表示集体意义。如：She is a big tease, but she doesnt mean anything by it.她很爱戏弄人,但她并没有什么恶意。5)下列的短语含有tease的意思：play a joke on; play a trick on , make fun of6)注意下列短语的用法: tease a person with用取笑某人 tease up加以修整【活学活用】单句改错：1.He hates to be played a joke about his balding head.2. Dont take it seriously. He was only
28、teased.答案： 1. joke后加on 2. teased改为teasing 8. imitation n. 仿效，模仿【经典例句】His imitation of that singer is perfect.他模仿那位歌唱家模仿得维妙维肖。Although Helen couldnt see, speak and listen, she gave an imitation ofher teacher very fast, which is an example to whoever could see, speak and listen well.尽管海伦看不见，说不出，听不见，但是
29、，她模仿她的老师很快，这对于身体健全的人来说，是一个很好的例子。【考点聚焦】1）巧计提示：imagine (想象) =imitate(模仿)2）派生词： imitated adj.模仿的, 假冒的; imitator n. 模仿者; imitation n.模仿, 效法, 赝品。如：His imitation of that singer is perfect.他模仿那位歌唱家模仿得维妙维肖。3）近义词：copy vt. 复印, 复制4）反义词：create vt. 创造5）作“模仿，仿效”讲时，是不可数名词。如：His imitation of that singer is perfect.
30、他模仿那位歌唱家模仿得维妙维肖。It is a good way for the pupils to learn English at the beginning in imitation of what their English teacher does. 小学生一开始模仿他们的老师做是学习英语的好办法。6）作“仿制品;赝品”讲时，是可数名词， 经常用作单数形式，表示集体意义。如：The vase is an imitation of the one in the museum.这只花瓶是博物馆那只的仿制品。【活学活用】利用imitate的正确形式填空：1)It is not good m
31、anners to amuse friends by the teachers. 2)Her style of painting has been by other artists. 3)I learned the song by . 答案： 1. imitating 2. imitated 3. imitation9. applaud vi. & vt. 鼓掌【经典例句】The nursery teacher clapped her hands to attract the childrens attention.幼儿园的教师拍拍手,要孩子们注意。【考点聚焦】1）构词： ap（=ad前缀，添
32、加） plaud (= clap 鼓掌) =拍手喝彩2）applaud 表示因为高兴或强烈支持而拍手并且大声喝彩。Everyone applauded when the play ended. 演出结束时，大家都热烈鼓掌。3）clap表示多数轻拍鼓掌, 以引起他人的注意，多数用于教课或开会的开始。如：The coach clapped the new member of his team on the back to suggest his encouragement.教练轻轻拍了拍新来的队员的背表示鼓励4）作“称赞, 赞成”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示政策、决定等名词作宾语。如：The te
33、achers and the students all applauded the governments decision to close the small dye factory.师生一致赞成政府关于关闭这座小印染厂的决定。The headmasters efforts to improve the situation are to be applauded. 校长为改善状况所作的努力应该受到赞许。5）牢记相关短语：applaud sb.s decision to do sth.赞扬某人干某事的决心；be loudly applauded. 某人大受鼓掌赞许；applaud sb. f
34、or sth称赞某人某事。【活学活用】A. a clap B. applauded, for C. applauded D. clapped1)The teacher hard to attract the classs attention.2)He gave me on the back and invited me for a drink.3)When she finished her singing, the audience the singer for three minutes.4)We him his bravery before the mad dog. 答案： 1. D 2.
35、 A 3. C 4. B10. present vt. 介绍,提出,呈现【经典例句】When you are at middle school, you should learn how to present yourself better.上中学的时候，你应该学会怎样更善于展示自己。The company has decided it must present a more modern image. 公司已决定，必须展现出更加现代的形象。At the meeting, the parents presented some suggestions to the headmaster abou
36、t their childrens study, diet, rest and exercise. 在会上， 家长们向校长关于孩子们的学习、饮食、休息和锻炼提出了一些建议。【考点聚焦】1）构词：pre(=be)sent(派发) 2) 反义词： absent adj.不在的; absence n.不在, 缺席3）转换词：present =gift n.礼物,赠品。如：He often gave his neighbors kids little presents.他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。4)作“介绍,提出,呈现”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“物”的名词作宾语。如：Allow me to p
37、resent Mr Black to you. 请允许我向您介绍布莱克先生 。They presented three reasons to return to his homeland.他提出了三个回国的理由。 After the meeting, the school presented a new aspect. 会后，学校呈现了出一派新气象。5)还可作“给予”讲时=offer，是及物动词。如：present flowers献花，present a book to sb. (= present sb. with a book)送给某人一本书 6)作“现在的, 到场的，”讲时，是形容词。如
38、：What is your present job? 你现在的工作是什么？How many people were present at the meeting? 会议有多少人出席？7)作“”讲时，是及物动词， 常接动名词或表示“物”的名词作宾语。如：8) 注意下列短语的用法:at present目前for the present眼前；暂时 present oneself 出席；到场present sth. to sb. 送给某人某物present reasons 提出理由 be present to出现在面前up to the present直到现在【活学活用】单句改错：1) The chi
39、ldren unwrapped their Christmas at presents with delight.2）He always present a calm smiling face. 答案： 1. 去掉at 2. present 改为presents 11. justify vt. 证明是正当的【经典例句】How can they justify that this kind of food is low-fat？他们怎能证明这种食物是低脂肪的呢？【考点聚焦】1）构词：just（正直的，正当的）+ i + fy（动词后缀） 2) 转换词：justifier n.辩护者, 辩解者;j
40、ustification n.认为有理, 认为正当。3）作“证明是正当的”讲时，是及物动词， 常接信任、信念、观点等名词作宾语。如：The course of events fully justifies our views.事情的发展完全证明我们的意见是正确的。Her success had justified the faith her teachers had put in her. 她的成功证明了老师对她的信任是正确的。4）作“为辩护”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“人”的名词作宾语。如：How can you justify your rude and foolish behaviou
41、r?你怎能为你粗鲁而愚蠢的行为辩护?5）justify本身已经含有“正确”之意；His success justified his his idea. 他的成功证明的他的观点是正确的。6） prove vi. 证明是，后需要加right或wrong的等表示“是非”的形容词。After four years, his idea proved to be right. 四后， 他的观点证明是正确的。7) 注意下面短语的用法: sb. be justified in doing. 证明是正当的； justify oneself to be证明自已是【活学活用】单项填空:A. are justified B. justify C. has proved D. justified1.The king deliberately the tactic of his kingdom.2.The editors in refusing your work.3.The little boy his cleverness in the television quiz.4.How can you your rude behavior?答案： 1. D 2.A 3. C 4.B
