1、单元素养评估卷(二)时间:100分钟分数:120分第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMore than one million single-use straws(吸管), most of them plastic, are used in the United States each day. They end up in waterways, harm sea animals, and break down into micro-plastics. Quantities o
2、f places have passed plastic-straw bans as a way to start handling the global plastic waste problem.Straw materials: advantages and disadvantagesMetalMade of stainless steel, aluminum, or even titanium, metal straws have become popular. They draw some criticism for having a metallic taste and conduc
3、ting heat from a hot drink, but theyre strong and can be reused.PaperPaper drinking straws, which date from the late 1800s, often absorb liquid over time and can leave a taste or fibres in drinks. Theyre the most popular throwaway choice in places with plastic-straw bans.GlassThough glass straws may
4、 be more breakable and thus less portable than reusable straws of other materials, they hold up well to washing and reuse. Some straws are made to look artistic, with colours and blown-glass designs.BambooThis natural material can be sustainably produced and is a plant-based replacement of plastic s
5、traws. Bamboo straws are easily disposed of and turned into fertiliser. They are reusable but can be hard to clean completely and may absorb flavours.1. What is the major problem with plastic straws?A. Function.B. Flavour.C. Weight.D. Pollution.解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的“They end up in waterways, harm sea ani
6、mals, and break down into micro-plastics. Quantities of places have passed plastic-straw bans as a way to start handling the global plastic waste problem.”可知,它们最终进入航道,危害海洋动物,并分解成微小的塑料颗粒。许多地方已经对使用塑料吸管发布了禁令,以此作为开始处理全球塑料垃圾问题的一种方式。因此塑料吸管产生的主要问题是它们会带来污染。故选D项。答案:D2. Which of the following belongs to singl
7、e-use straws?A. Metal straw.B. Paper straw.C. Glass straw.D. Bamboo straw.解析:细节理解题。根据Paper部分中的“Theyre the most popular throwaway choice in places with plastic-straw bans.”可知,在禁止使用塑料吸管的地方,它们是最受欢迎的一次性吸管。即纸吸管属于一次性吸管,题干中的“single-use”与文中的“throwaway”是同义词,故选B项。答案:B3. What is the advantage of the bamboo str
8、aw?A. It can become fertiliser.B. It is easy to clean.C. It is portable and bendable.D. It has different designs.解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Bamboo straws are easily disposed of and turned into fertiliser.”可知,竹吸管很容易被处理成为肥料。因此竹制吸管的优势在于它可以变成肥料。故选A项。答案:ABFor a herder(放牧人) in Africa, the hardest part of the job i
9、s searching for cattle lost in the bush. But for Andrew, a herder at a farm in Zimbabwe, its not a problem. Once he spots Toro, he knows the rest of the herd is nearby. Thats because Toro isnt an ordinary member of the herd. Hes a giraffe. In hot weather, cattle rest in the shade under his belly. An
10、d because of his height, Toro can spot lions long before they come close to the herd.Toros unusual situation came about after his mother was killed by lions. Toro survived the attack, but he was left with no one to protect him or give him milk. About two days later, some herders spotted and rescued
11、him. With the permission of the Department of Wildlife, the herders moved Toro to Andrews farm. Since giraffes and cattle are both plant-eating animals that live in groups, their behaviours are much the same. Toro was accepted into the herd and wandered among the cattle as they ate grass.Toro doesnt
12、 always behave like the other members of his new herd. Like many kinds of animals, cattle compete for dominance(支配). Standing more than 13 feet tall, Toro is more than three times taller than the biggest bull, but Toro never tries to be “the boss”. “He is very used to their company,”Andrew said. Whe
13、n the herd enters the kraal(家畜栏), the cows and bulls push each other. “But thanks to his height, Toro does not need to join the mess,” said Andrew.When asked if Toro would ever be returned to the wild, Munetsi, an officer of the Department of Wildlife said no. “In the wild, he would find it difficul
14、t to be accepted into another herd or defend himself from predators(猎食者),” he added. “He seems very much at home and is respected by the cattle.”4. What was Toro like when the herders found him?A. He was left alone.B. He was seriously ill.C. He was lost in the bush.D. He was fighting with lions.解析:细
15、节理解题。根据第二段中的“Toro survived the attack, but he was left with no one to protect him or give him milk.”可知,当放牧人发现Toro时,它是孤独的,没有长颈鹿保护它或者喂它奶。故选A项。答案:A5. What do we know about Toro in the cattle herd?A. He has fought to be the leader.B. He gets along well with the herd.C. He is pushed around by the bulls.D
16、. He stays away from the herd most of the time.解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since giraffes and cattle are both plant-eating animals that live in groups, their behaviours are much the same. Toro was accepted into the herd and wandered among the cattle as they ate grass.”可知,Toro和牛群相处得很好。故选B项。答案:B6. What will happ
17、en to Toro according to Munetsi?A. He will be sent back to the wild.B. He will be put into another herd of giraffes.C. He will continue to live together with Andrew.D. He will be trained to fight with the big animals.解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In the wild, he would find it difficult to be accepted into anoth
18、er herd or defend himself from predators, he added. He seems very much at home and is respected by the cattle.”可推测,Toro将会继续和Andrew一起生活。故选C项。答案:C7. What may be the best title for the passage?A. Giraffes Under Threat in the WildB. A Surprising New Family for a GiraffeC. A New Way of Herding Appears in
19、 AfricaD. Moments Showing Friendship Between Animals解析:标题归纳题。根据文章的主要内容,尤其是第二段中的“With the permission of the Department of Wildlife, the herders moved Toro to Andrews farm. Since giraffes and cattle are both plant-eating animals that live in groups, their behaviours are much the same. Toro was accepte
20、d into the herd and wandered among the cattle as they ate grass.”可知,本文主要讲述了一只长颈鹿来到放牧人Andrew的农场,和牛群生活在一起的故事。答案:BCWe dont know how different our life will be in the future. We can only try to imagine it. At first we think about human relationships. In the year 2050, we will use computers almost every
21、day. We will be making new friends through the Interneteven our husbands or wives will be met in this way. It will be much faster and easier for us. On the other hand, our relation-ships with people wont be as important as they are todaywe will feel a little lonely. Computers will also help us in ma
22、ny other activities in 2050. For example, they will be used by the children at school to make their learning easier. In addition, there will be much more other machines which will play a similar role as computers, like robots which will do the housework for us.Spending holidays will also be complete
23、ly different. Travelling to other planets or to the moon will be available for everyone. Means of transport will, of course, change, too. We will be using solar-powered cars, which will be much more environmentally friendly.We could expect that the faster technological progress would lead to a more
24、polluted environment. But it isnt true. We will pay more attention to the environment protection. Scientists will probably find cures for many dangerous diseases, like cancer or AIDS. Therefore, our surroundings as well as our health will be in better condition. Although we cant predict the exact ch
25、anges which will be made in the world, we often think about them. We worry about our and our childrens future; we have expectations, hopes as well as fears. But I think we should be rather sanguine about our future. We should be happy and believe good things will happen. 8. Why will people probably
26、feel a little lonely in 2050?A. Because the number of people will become much smaller.B. Because there will be less face-to-face communication.C. Because people wont like making friends with each other. D. Because people wont communicate with each other much often. 解析:细节理解题。由第二段提到的“We will be making
27、 new friends through the Internet .”和“. our relationships with people wont be as important as they are today .”可知,在2050年,人们主要通过电脑进行交流,面对面交流的机会减少了,所以会感到孤独。答案:B9. Paragraph 3 mainly tells us . A. that computers will do all the things for human beingsB. how people will use computers to communicate with
28、 each otherC. that machines like computers and robots will help people a lotD. how people will use robots to do the housework解析:段落大意题。第三段主要举了两个例子来证明计算机和机器人等机器将会对人类的帮助很大,故选C。答案:C10. The underlined word “sanguine” in the last paragraph most probably means “”. A. disappointedB. surprisedC. curiousD. op
29、timistic解析:词义猜测题。根据文章最后一句“We should be happy and believe good things will happen.”可以推测sanguine的意思是“乐观的”。答案:D11. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. How people will communicate in the year 2050.B. What our life will be like in the year 2050.C. How people will travel and spend their holidays i
30、n the year 2050.D. What high technology will appear in the year 2050.解析:主旨大意题。根据第一段中“We dont know how different our life will be in the future. We can only try to imagine it.”可知,本文是对未来生活的设想;进一步阅读全文可知,本文主要设想了2050年人类的生活。故选B。答案:BDA baby seal robot from Japan has came to the US. Its been sold in Japan f
31、or several years, but now the company has created a Florida-based unit, Paro Robots US Inc., to sell the creature to places like nursing homes and hospitals. The robot, named Paro, is marketed as a therapeutic(治疗的) device that can help comfort people who have problems that can lead to social isolati
32、on(隔离).Takanori Shibata, a Japanese engineer, invented Paro. He says the robot, which weighs about 6 pounds, is able to respond to touch, light, and sound.Shibata says he tried making robotic cats and dogs, but that people didnt find those convincing. “They expected too much,” he says, and would com
33、pare the robot to real animals they had known. Few people have ever seen a live baby seal, so they arent likely to draw comparisons between the robot and the real thing. So they accept Paro as a cute little companion.The Vinson Hall Retirement Community in McLean held a recent event to showcase the
34、robot and Virginia Long slowly came into the activity room. When a nurse put the robot on her lap, it began to shake slightly, and Long talked to it gently. “Why are you shaking? Are you cold?” she asked. The robot made a high sound, and Long laughed. She said she used to have a cat, “but somebody s
35、tole him.” “Petting a seal is unusual,” she said, “but a lot of people have strange animals.”But some experts say a robot is no replacement for a real animal. “One of the things that weve learned is that it is the unexpected and natural behaviour of the living creature that adds so much value to peo
36、ples experience. Any kind of newness can get the attention of people who are lonely and bored, but that doesnt necessarily help them live a meaningful life. It doesnt solve the problem that is really causing their lack of enjoyment of life,” says Bill Thomas, a professor at the University of Marylan
37、d, Baltimore County.12. What is the role of Paro?A. To look after baby seals.B. To give relief to patients.C. To replace home-raised pets.D. To provide medical examinations.解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The robot, named Paro, is marketed as a therapeutic device that can help comfort people who have problems that
38、 can lead to social isolation.”可知,这款名为Paro的机器人被作为治疗性设备进行市场推广,它可以帮助那些有可能导致社交孤立问题的人获取安慰,因此可知Paro主要是为患者带来一丝慰藉。故选B项。答案:B13. How did people feel about robotic cats?A. Disappointed.B. Astonished.C. Concerned.D. Amused.解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Shibata says he tried making robotic cats and dogs . would compare the
39、robot to real animals they had known.”可推断,人们对机器猫或狗比较失望,因为他们总会将机器人与真的动物作对比。故选A项。答案:A14. What was Longs reaction to Paro?A. She refused to get close to it.B. She showed it much affection.C. She regarded it as her new cat.D. She was frightened to talk to it.解析:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“When a nurse put the robot
40、 on her lap, it began to shake slightly, and Long talked to it gently. Why are you shaking? Are you cold? she asked. The robot made a high sound, and Long laughed.”可推断,Long很喜欢Paro。故选B项。答案:B15. What do Bill Thomass words suggest about Paro?A. It is of great value to people.B. It is not of great use i
41、n solving real problems.C. It fails to catch older peoples interest.D. It can take the place of a living creature.解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It doesnt solve the problem that is really causing their lack of enjoyment of life”可推断,Bill Thomas认为Paro虽然可以为孤独、无聊的人带来快乐,但是并不能解决他们生活中的实际问题。故选B项。答案:B第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分1
42、2.5分)根据下面短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Are you feeling anxious about your test next week? Here are some tips that will help you deal with stress and anxiety.Study regularlyOne of the most important ways of avoiding test anxiety is to prepare well in advance. Study regularly for a few hours
43、 every day.16Reduce study pressureIf students are not able to deal with anxiety or nervousness, they could talk to their teachers, student counselors(辅导员), parents or friends. Parents should also avoid pressurising(加压) their kids to do well.17Then your children can study without any tension(紧张). Ano
44、ther important point that arises here is neither the students nor the parents should compare the children with their other classmates or friends.Physical fitnessDo not forget to eat or sleep properly. Many times due to anxiety students cant fall asleep or eat anything. 18 Exercising regularly is equ
45、ally important as talking to friends and socialising(社交).19Plan your studies well. Chart(制图) out a timetable and take proper breaks while studying. Along with the study time, allot(分配) time to relax and do what you love to do. Practising simple breathing skills will also help reduce stress.20 While
46、it is important to gain good scores in tests, it is not the most important thing in life. Learning to deal with nervousness and stress will not only help them to do well in school tests, but also in their future life.A. Listen carefully in classB. Prepare scheduleC. Create a peaceful and relaxing at
47、mosphere at home.D. It helps increase the students confidence.E. Test and exam time causes a lot of nervousness in students.F. They should sleep for at least 67 hours a day and eat nutritious and healthy food.G. Students should remember that tests are just a part of life.答案:16. D17. C18. F19. B20. G
48、第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Years ago when Sam was nine, a television advertisement caught his attention. Procter & Gamble started an advertisement campaign with “the Cheer Man”, a character who visited 21 around the country. If he rang your doorb
49、ell and you had a box of Cheer or something like “Cheer” written on a piece of paper, youd 22 ten dollars.Sam was 23 that “the Cheer Man” would come to his home. Many parents considered his idea impossible,but his mother helped him prepare for that 24.Young Sam made a sign with the Cheer logo(标志) an
50、d 25 it in his bedroom. When he was ready, he told his classmates his dream. They 26 him, but his mother kept encouraging him to dream.Time went by and the ad was not on 27. Sam stored the sign in his closet(壁橱)but he still believed “the Cheer Man” was coming.The next summer when Sam was ten, he 28
51、a neighbourhood birthday party. While they were playing outside, they 29 what sounded like someone shouting. As the noise got 30, they saw a car with a loudspeakerand a man was yelling, “Cheer! Cheer! Cheer is here!”Sam watched excitedly. The car was several blocks away, but he knew it was going to
52、his house. Sam ran home, grabbed(抓住) his sign and 31 outside holding it over his head. And just as hed 32, “the Cheer Man” stopped in front of his house and said, “You get the ten dollars.” Sams joy was beyond 33.Young Sam learned a valuable 34 about believing in a dream. He discovered that anything
53、 is possible. That knowledge paved the way for Sam Haskells 35 as a television executive and producer in Hollywood.21. A. classroomsB. companiesC. surroundingsD. neighbourhoods解析:宝洁公司在Cheer品牌促销员的带领下开始了广告促销活动,这个品牌促销员走遍了全国各地的社区。classroom教室;company 公司;surrounding 环境;neighbourhood 城区;街区。根据第28小题后面的“neigh
54、bourhood birthday party”及后面的“Cheer! Cheer! Cheer is here!”可知,宝洁公司的广告活动是走进街区的。答案:D22. A. raiseB. spendC. receiveD. save解析:如果他按响了你的门铃,并且你拥有一个Cheer品牌的盒子或者在一张纸上写了Cheer这个品牌名字,你会得到十美元。raise提高;spend花费;receive接收;收到;save保存。由倒数第二段中的“You get the ten dollars.”可知,符合宝洁公司广告宣传要求的人会得到10美元的奖励。答案:C23. A. convincedB. p
55、leasedC. doubtedD. accused解析:Sam相信Cheer品牌促销员会来到他家。convinced坚信不疑的;pleased高兴的;doubted怀疑的;accused被控告的。 由第34小题后的“believing in a dream”可知,Sam是坚信梦想的。答案:A24. A. visitB. advertisementC. waitD. party解析:许多父母认为他的想法是不可能的,但他的母亲帮助他为Cheer品牌促销员的登门做准备。visit访问;advertisement广告;wait等待;party 聚会。由前文的“come to his home”可知应
56、选visit。答案:A25. A. hungB. threwC. hidD. spread解析:小Sam在自己的卧室里做了一个带有Cheer标志的标志牌,并悬挂在卧室中。hang悬挂;throw扔;投; hide隐藏;spread传播。由第27题后的“Sam stored the sign”可知,Sam做好标志牌后,他没有扔掉或藏起来。spread在语义上不符合。故选A。答案:A26. A. believed inB. relied onC. laughed atD. responded to解析:他们嘲笑Sam,但他的母亲鼓励他坚持梦想。believe in相信;rely on依靠;laug
57、h at嘲笑;respond to做出反应。母亲支持儿子的梦想,“but”表示转折,说明Sam的同学不相信Sam的想法会成为现实,因此嘲笑他。答案:C27. A. newspaperB. televisionC. radioD. book解析:时间流逝着,广告不在电视上播放了。 newspaper报纸;television电视;radio收音机;book书。由第一段第一句中的“television advertisement”可知,宝洁公司的广告活动在电视上进行播放。随着时间的推移,广告不再播放了。答案:B28. A. changedB. ruinedC. celebratedD. atten
58、ded解析:第二年夏天Sam十岁时,他参加了一个社区生日聚会。 change 改变;ruin毁坏;celebrate庆祝;attend参加。 由下一句中的“playing outside”可知,Sam参加了一个生日聚会。答案:D29. A. ignoredB. keptC. heardD. suggested解析:当他们在外面玩耍时,他们听到好像有人在喊。ignore忽略;keep保持;hear听见;suggest建议。由下文中的“shouting”和“yelling”可知,选择heard表示他们听见了这些声音。答案:C30. A. closerB. fasterC. nicerD. bett
59、er解析:当声音临近时,他们看到一辆装有扬声器的汽车,一个男人大喊:“Cheer! Cheer! Cheer来到了这里!” closer更接近;faster 更快;nicer更漂亮的;better更好的。大家先是听到叫喊声,随后看到了汽车和人,因此可知是车辆越来越近了。答案:A31. A. whisperedB. beggedC. climbedD. rushed解析:Sam跑回家,拿起标志牌,跑到外面将它举过头顶。 whisper小声说;beg乞求;climb爬;rush迅速移动;急促。Sam很激动,因此rush一词能够体现他心中的喜悦之情。答案:D32. A. dreamedB. plan
60、nedC. organisedD. written解析:正如他曾经梦想的那样,Cheer品牌促销员在他家门前停了下来,说:“你得到十美元。” dream梦想;plan计划;organise组织;write书写。Cheer品牌促销员停下来,说“你得到了10美元”,因此这实现了他之前的梦想。答案:A33. A. combinationB. paceC. descriptionD. manner解析:Sam的喜悦难以形容。combination结合;pace步伐;description描述;manner方式。Sam坚信梦想,在梦想实现之时,Sam的喜悦难以形容。beyond description表
61、示“难以形容”。答案:C34. A. speechB. lessonC. experienceD. conclusion解析:小Sam学到了珍贵的一课:坚信梦想。speech 发言;lesson课;教训;experience经验;经历;conclusion结论。由下文的“knowledge”一词可知,Sam从这次坚持梦想的经历中学到了珍贵的东西。learn a valuable lesson“学到珍贵的一课”。答案:B35. A. birthB. businessC. giftD. future解析:那为Sam以后作为好莱坞的电视节目主管和制片人铺平了道路。birth出生;business商业
62、;gift礼品;future未来。Sam实现的这个梦想是在他10岁时,而成为电视节目主管和制片人是以后发生的事情。答案:D第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。For many of us, cold drinks 36. (consider) to be one of the necessities for summer. Who can resist the 37. (please) of drinking an ice-cold Coke after playing a basketball game on a h
63、ot day?However, a recent study 38. (conduct) by the professors from the University of Ottawa, found hot drinks such as teas and coffees might actually be more 39. (effect) to cool you down in dry conditions. According to Smithsonian Magazine, when you drink some hot drinks, you 40. (start) to sweat
64、more. It will remove excess heat by converting(转化) 41. water from a liquid to a vapour. As long as you are able to sweat, you can cool down quickly.But that also means 42. _ youre in a hot, humid room, or you are wearing long sleeves and trousers, hot drinks are 43. (probable) not going to work. 44.
65、 that case, the professors suggest the opposite course of action: “Hot drinks still add a small amount of heat to the body, so if 45. (sweat) more is going to be a problem, go for a cold drink.”答案: 36. are considered37. pleasure38. conducted39. effective40. will start41. the42. if43. probably44. In4
66、5. sweating第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华,与你的美国朋友John约好上星期六下午去打网球,但你因故没能赴约。请你给John写一封信表示歉意。内容包括:(1)向他致歉;(2)解释原因;(3)希望另约时间。注意:(1)词数80左右;(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇:重新安排rescheduleDear John,_Yours sincerely,Li Hua答案:Dear John,I am so sorry that I missed our appointment to play tennis last Saturday aftern
67、oon.It must have been very upsetting for you to make every effort to get to the stadium on time, only to find that I failed to arrive. Unfortunately, my sister was involved in a car accident, and everything else simply slipped my mind.Would you prefer to reschedule next time you are in China, or sim
68、ply speak on the phone? I look forwards to hearing from you.Yours sincerely,Li Hua第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Christmas was hanging around. Six-year-old David was thinking what presents he could get from Santa. He wanted slippers; he wanted a silk tie; he wanted some toys. And sch
69、ool starting soon, he also hoped to get something about schooling. In order to get Santa to know what he needed, he thought he would write a letter to Santa, which he believed would bring him those presents. He found a sheet and made a list of the items on it, and then bent down to post the letter u
70、p the chimney, waiting for the winds to take it up.David got up very early on the Christmas morning. He searched his room carefully, but to his disappointment, he didnt find the presents he had hoped for. Hadnt Santa received the letter? Was he too busy to send him the gifts? Although feeling a litt
71、le upset, David was convinced that Santa would not forget him and he was bound to receive the items.Many years had passed and 2019 came. In an old house, a young builder, Lewis Shaw was removing the fireplace with his colleagues when he suddenly found a small piece of paper, which was still in perfe
72、ct condition even if it had turned yellow. He picked it up and unfolded it. It was a letter written to Santa. The touching hand-written note read:Dear Father Christmas,Please send me Rupert Annual, a drum, a box of chalks, slippers, a silk tie, a pencil box, any little toys you have to spare.Love,Da
73、vidIt was then signed off with lots of kisses.This was the very letter written by David and the house was where he had lived during his childhood! The letter struck Shaw so much. How simple Christmas once was! David didnt ask for much, just the things he needed. Nowadays kids always want expensive g
74、ifts and take it for granted.注意:(1)所续写短文的词数应为150左右;(2)续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。Paragraph 1:Shaw decided to find out the author of the letter. He shared a photo of the note on Facebook. He also_Paragraph 2:A great surprise was on the way. After a pleasant chat,_ 答案:Paragraph 1:Shaw decided to find out th
75、e author of the letter. He shared a photo of the note on Facebook. He also spoke to the neighbours on both sides of the house. Within two days he connected with David, the now 78-year-old man living in a town nearby. They met at the old house, where Shaw returned him the letter. What a great surpris
76、e it was that he could read the letter again so many years after he wrote it!Paragraph 2:A great surprise was on the way. After a pleasant chat, Shaw handed David a box. Inside it David found all the presents he had listed in the letter. In fact, it had taken Shaw much time to collect these presents. He didnt even know Rupert Annual was a magazine for children before he was able to get one. David was quite excitedhe finally had his Christmas wishes fulfilled!