1、单元素养评估卷(一)时间:100分钟分数:120分第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATutors wanted: Maths/Science/Humanities+Test PreparationJob posted: Two days agoWage: $27-30 per hourJob type: Part-timeSchedule: Afternoons, evenings, weekdays, weekendsJob description:Were looking
2、for tutors to join us before the next school year starts.Our ideal candidate(候选人) will be able to assist middle and high school students with test preparation and academic work in maths, science and humanities.Well pay for your training before this fall and can also offer flexible summer tutoring op
3、portunities.Once our fall semester starts on August 21, well have even higher demand for tutoring sessions on Sundays from 12 to 8 p.m. as well as from 3 to 9 p.m. MondayThursday.What we offer:* Flexible scheduling. Tutors work from 15 to 30 hours per week depending on availability and student deman
4、d.* Free Sunday dinners during the academic year.* Health insurance reimbursement(报销) for staff working over 30 hours per week.* We are five minutes walking distance from the Menlo Park Caltrain Station.Applicants must:* Be able to show mastery of the subject(s) they tutor.* Be willing to tutor stud
5、ents through the full academic year.Application instructions:* Email us your rsume.* Tell us why you want to join academic trainers and describe your experience of tutoring students (if you have any).* Tell us which of the subjects you are able to tutormaths, science and humanities.1. Which period o
6、f time needs the most tutors during the academic year?A. Sunday afternoons and evenings.B. Weekday mornings.C. Friday afternoons and evenings.D. Saturday and Sunday mornings.解析:细节理解题。根据Job description部分中“Once our fall semester starts on August 21, well have even higher demand for tutoring sessions o
7、n Sundays from 12 to 8 p.m. as well as from 3 to 9 p.m. MondayThursday.”可知,一学年中秋季学期开学后周日和周一至周四的下午和晚上最需要辅导老师。答案:A2. A tutor who works more than 30 hours per week can enjoy .A. free job training while workingB. free lunches and dinners during the academic yearC. health insurance reimbursementD. a hous
8、e near Menlo Park Caltrain Station解析:细节理解题。根据What we offer部分中“Health insurance reimbursement for staff working over 30 hours per week.”可知,每周工作超过30小时的辅导老师可以享受医保报销。答案: C3. According to the passage, the ideal candidate .A. will work every evening throughout the academic yearB. is good at one of the aca
9、demic subjects mentionedC. has the opportunity to become a full-time tutorD. must have previous tutoring experience解析:推理判断题。根据Application instructions部分中“Tell us which of the subjects you are able to tutormaths, science and humanities.”可知,理想的应聘者应擅长上述学科之一。答案:BBMaria(1718-1799) was a famous Italian ma
10、thematician. She was described in a book as follows:“Maria was clever, but was also shy.”She stayed at home, teaching the younger children and following her own studies. When her mother died after giving birth to twenty-one children, Maria took over the running of the household. At the age of twenty
11、 she started a ten-year project, a book bringing together the work on calculus(微积分学) of Leibnitz and Newton titled Analytic Institutions. Sometimes she would have trouble with a problem, but her mind went on working even in her sleep; she would sleepwalk to her study and back to bed. In the morning,
12、 she would find the answer to the problem waiting on her desk. Her book made her famous; she was living proof of what she had argued at nine years old that women had a right to study science. But Maria had other interests in her life apart from maths. She had always worked with the poor people in he
13、r area, and she had asked her father for separate rooms and turned them into a private hospital. She worked at the hospital (and another) until she died at the age of eighty-one. Maria wrote an important book on maths, as well as another unpublished book. She ran a household of over twenty people, a
14、nd she worked for people who had not had her luck and opportunities. Each one of these things was remarkable, but she did them all.4. What can we learn about Maria from the passage? A. Maria was a maths teacher when she was young.B. Maria lived a rich life in her childhood.C. Maria was born in a lar
15、ge family.D. Maria was too shy to teach others.解析:细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,她妈妈生了21个孩子,所以她家是个大家庭。答案:C5. What can we infer according to the passage?A. There were some good schools for children when Maria was young.B. Women were not allowed to study science when Maria was a little girl.C. Women had equal right
16、s to learn anything as men did.D. Maria had the ability to make enough money to bring up her brothers and sisters when her mother died.解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“. she was living proof of what she had argued at nine years old that women had a right to study science.”可知,当时是不允许女性学科学的。答案:B6. According to the pas
17、sage, Maria was so devoted to maths that she .A. forgot everything when she was studyingB. spent over ten years writing her most famous bookC. never slept while doing researchesD. would go on with her study in her dream解析:细节理解题。根据第二段第四、五句可知,她对工作执着到睡觉时也会梦游进书房工作。答案:D7. Which word can be used to descri
18、be Maria according to the passage? A. Kind-hearted.B. Beautiful.C. Well-born.D. Rich.解析:推理判断题。根据文章后半部分的描述可知,她为别人做了很多事,说明她不仅是一位伟大的数学家,还是一个“热心的、善良的”人。答案:ACThe dangers of sitting all day are obvious. Researchers have shown that remaining sitting for extended periods of time (like at your 9-to-5 desk jo
19、b) can do harm to your health. While exercise is a big part of reducing the harmful effects of sitting, it was unclear how many gym periods were needed to helpuntil now.A new study, published in The Lancet, shows the ideal formula for reducing the negative effects of a sedentary(久坐的) job. Instead of
20、 a fixed number of hours spent exercising, the ratio(比率) depends on how much you sit: People who work a typical eight-hour day should spend at least one hour each day moving. If you sit six hours a day, you should spend half an hour exercising. The research also indicates that the exercise doesnt ha
21、ve to be all onceor rigorous(严格的). It can be spread throughout the day and be as simple as walking.The team behind the study analysed data from a pool of a million adults over the age of 45 in Western Europe, the United States, and Australia. Using previous data, the researchers examined data from 1
22、6 published studies and used it to determine how much exercise is required to compensate for sitting. Their recommended daily exercise goal is higher than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, given it can be completed throughout the day.Fitting in an hour of exercise a day sounds esp
23、ecially discouraging if you have a desk job, but there are plenty of workouts you can complete before and after work. Even if it means taking a 10-minute walk during lunch, your body will thank you in the long run.8. The underlined phrase “compensate for” can be best replaced by “”.A. make up forB.
24、break away fromC. give upD. take the place of解析:词义猜测题。研究人员研究了16项已发表的研究数据,并利用它来确定需要多少运动来补偿久坐。compensate for指“补偿;弥补”,与make up for同义。答案:A9. According to the new study, what is the good news for the people working long hours at desk?A. Workouts may reduce the harm of sitting for long.B. The harm of sitt
25、ing for long has been proved.C. They dont have to exercise as long as suggested previously.D. The time spent on exercise is flexible.解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The research also indicates that the exercise doesnt have to be all onceor rigorous. It can be spread throughout the day and be as simple as walking.”
26、和第三段中的“Their recommended daily exercise goal is higher than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, given it can be completed throughout the day.”可知,对久坐的人来说,运动要求并不严格,可以在一天中完成。由此可见运动的时间比较灵活。答案:D10. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The best form of workouts is walking.B. The longe
27、r you exercise, the better.C. The new exercise goal is practical though higher.D. A desk job makes it impossible to exercise regularly.解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Their recommended daily exercise goal is higher than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, given it can be completed throughout the d
28、ay.”可知,他们建议的每日锻炼目标比以前的建议要高,但也能实现。答案:C11. The second paragraph is developed mainly .A. by exampleB. by processC. by comparisonD. by contrast解析:推理判断题。第二段首句“A new study, published in The Lancet, shows the ideal formula for reducing the negative effects of a sedentary job.”和下面的具体数据是用例子来说明这项新研究的内容,所以本段是用
29、了举例的方法。答案:ADAn increasing number of young people tend to rent clothes recently. Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers are entering this in the hope of attracting newly conscientious (谨慎的) shoppers. This past summer alone, Urban Outfitters, Macys, Bloomingdales, American Eagle, and Bana
30、na Republic have all announced rental servicesa sure sign of changing times.But is renting fashion actually more environmentally friendly than buying it, and if so, how much more? Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline explored into this question and she concluded that its not as sustainable as it se
31、ems.Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rentedreceiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint(碳足迹) of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing.She writes, “An item ordered online and then returned can e
32、mit(排放) 20 kilograms of carbon each way, and up to 50 kilograms for rush shipping. By comparison, the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased in physical stores and washed and worn at home is 33.4 kilograms, according to a 2015 study by Levis.”Then theres the burden of washing, which has to happe
33、n for every item when its returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most rental services, this usually means dry-cleaning, a high-impact and polluting process. 70 percent of US dry-cleaners used perchloroethylene, a carcinogenic(致癌的) air pollutant, which can produce harmful waste and a
34、ir pollution.Le Tote is the only service that uses “wet cleaning” for 80 percent of its items and strives to avoid dry-cleaning unless absolutely necessary.Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because its so easily accessible. Theres something
35、called “share-washing” that makes people engage in more wasteful behaviours precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is perceived as more eco-friendly.Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and pitching them in the trash after wearing a few times, but we shouldnt l
36、et the availability of these services make us complacent(自鸣得意的). Theres an even better stepand thats wearing what is already in the closet.12. Why does the author mention Urban Outfitters and Macys?A. To prove clothing rental is becoming popular.B. To tell us they have joined rental services.C. To i
37、ntroduce the topic of the passage.D. To show us they are companies of big brands.解析:细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“This past summer alone, Urban Outfitters, Macys . have all announced rental services .”可知,仅在刚刚过去的这个夏天,Urban Outfitters和Macys等公司都宣布了开设服装租赁服务,这说明服装租赁变得很受欢迎。答案:A13. How does the author develop paragraph 4
38、?A. By analysing data.B. By using example.C. By providing description.D. By making comparison.解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中的“An item ordered online and then returned can emit 20 kilograms . and up to 50 kilograms . the carbon impact of a pair of jeans . is 33.4 kilograms”可知,此段是通过数据比较说明消费品运输过程中产生的碳排放量比在实体店购买产生的碳排放
39、量更大。由此判断出此段是通过作比较展开的。答案:D14. What can we infer from the passage?A. Its a better way to buy clothes cheap and pitch them in the trash than renting clothes.B. Share-washing is perceived as eco-friendly and wont lead to wasteful behaviours.C. Renting fashion is not as environmentally friendly as we exp
40、ect.D. Consumer transportation has the largest footprint of our collective fashion habit.解析:推理判断题。作者在第三、四段通过具体数据说明运输过程中的碳排放问题,第五、六段说明了洗涤过程中的污染问题。由此判断出租赁服装并没有像我们预料的那样比购买服装更环保。答案:C15. Whats the structure of the passage?A. B. C. D. 解析:文章结构题。第一、二段指出服装租赁是一个热门的新行业并提出问题“租赁衣服比购买衣服更环保吗?”,第三、四段说明运输过程中的碳排放问题,第
41、五、六段说明洗涤过程中的污染问题,第七段中Cline提出她的担忧:服装租赁服务会增加我们对快速时尚的欲望,第八段提出观点:最好还是穿自己衣橱里的衣服。结合选项可知,A项为短文的结构。答案:A第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据下面短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Improving your lifestyle can seem like an unachievable goal. Changing everything about your life all at once is probably not realistic,
42、but there are lots of small changes you can make to enjoy your life more.16. Before you know it, youll have the lifestyle youve always wanted!Eat healthily. You may be flooded by all of the appealing diets, but eating healthily is really not all that complicated. Try a variety of fruits, vegetables,
43、 and healthy fats. Avoid salty foods, added sugar, and fatty foods as much as possible. 17. Fruit and vegetables are thought to increase feelings of positivity, while fats and sugars are linked to feelings of depression.Exercise. 18. Try to include at least 150 minutes of walking or 75 minutes of ru
44、nning or dancing into your weekly schedule. In addition to improving your physical health, regular exercise can also decrease symptoms of depression. Staying active is much easier if you find an activity that you enjoy. Try several new sports or exercise classes until you find something you really w
45、ant to do. Having an exercise friend can also help keep you on track.19. If you are overweight, there are a few really easy things you can do to lose a few pounds, which can add up to major health benefits. Try keeping healthy snacks like fruit and vegetables in your house for those times when you g
46、et the urge to eat between meals. You should also try to be aware of your motivations for eating. 20 like going for a walk.A. Take simple steps to lose weightB. Stick to a healthy diet for losing weightC. Start small by making one or two changes at a timeD. Your diet can also have an effect on your
47、mental healthE. Regular exercise is an important component of a healthy lifestyleF. If you eat because youre sad, try finding other ways of handling the feelingG. Although eating out with your friends costs you much, it is completely for exercise答案:16. C17. D18. E19. A20. F第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15
48、小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。When I first saw the Boston Marathon in 1964, I just fell in love with it. I 21 to be part of it, but I didnt know if I could do it. It was totally outside of the social norm(正常行为) for a woman to be running in those days.In February, 1966,I sent
49、 my 22 to the Boston Marathon and they wrote back, saying, “Women are not physiologically(生理上) able to run a marathon.” When I read the letter, I thought if I could prove that this was a 23 view about women, it was going to 24 the discussion of what else we thought women could not do. So I took the
50、bus to Boston and got there the day before the 25.When I got to the starting line, I knew the most important thing was that I should not be 26. To avoid being arrested or pulled off the course, I had a blue hooded(带风帽的) sweatshirt pulled up over my27 with my hair tied back. Then, there was the bang,
51、 but I waited until about half the pack leftthen I 28 in.Even though I was disguised(伪装), the other runners 29 very quickly that I was a woman. Fortunately, they were very 30. I told them that I was afraid I would be thrown out if officials saw that I was a woman. But they said, “We wont let that 31
52、. Its a free road.” Thats when I 32 the hooded sweatshirt and everyone could see I was a woman. Then people went 33. They started shouting and clapping, “Way to go, girl!”Finally I ran into Boston and 34 the race in 3 hours and 21 minutes.I went back to Boston and ran again in 1967 and 1968. I hope
53、to be an example of someone who follows what they love and what theyre good at. I think everyone came to this world to 35 something. 21. A. failedB. wantedC. refusedD. managed解析:句意:当我在1964年第一次看到波士顿马拉松时,我就爱上了它。我想要参加比赛,但我不知道我是否能做到。fail失败;want想要;refuse拒绝;manage管理。根据句意可知,当作者第一次看到马拉松比赛时,就想要参加比赛。答案:B22. A
54、. applicationB. reportC. poemD. father解析:句意:1966年2月,我把我的申请寄给波士顿马拉松赛事组,他们回信说:“从生理上讲,女性是不能跑马拉松的。”application申请;report报告;poem诗;father父亲。根据常识和句意可知,作者将申请寄给马拉松赛事组。答案:A23. A. mistakenB. strongC. popularD. basic解析:句意:我想如果我能证明这是一个关于女性的错误观点的话mistaken错误的;strong强壮的;popular流行的;basic基础的。根据常识和文意可知,上文提到的关于女性的观点,作者认
55、为是错误的。答案:A24. A. avoidB. refer toC. open upD. face解析:句意:这将开启一场关于女性不能做的其他事情的讨论。avoid避免;refer to参考;open up开启;face面对。根据文章内容可知,如果作者能证明这个观点是错的,将开启一场关于女性不能做的其他事情的讨论。答案:C25. A. tripB. meetingC. holidayD. race解析:句意:所以我乘公共汽车去了波士顿,并在比赛前一天到达了那里。trip旅途;meeting会议;holiday假日;race比赛。根据前文可知,作者想参加马拉松,所以此处表示作者提前一天到达比赛
56、地。答案:D26. A. stoppedB. finedC. replacedD. passed解析:句意:当我到达起跑线时,我知道最重要的事情是我不应该被阻止。stop阻止;fine罚款;replace代替;pass路过。根据文意可知,到达起跑线时,作者认为自己不应该被阻止。答案:A27. A. shoulderB. backC. headD. neck解析:句意:为了避免被逮捕或被赶出赛道,我把一件蓝色连帽运动衫拉过头顶,头发绑在脑后。shoulder肩膀;back后背;head头;neck脖子。根据前文可知,作者为了防止被认出,就将自己的连帽运动衫拉过头顶。答案:C28. A. drov
57、eB. cameC. jumpedD. walked解析:句意:然后,枪声响了,但我一直等到剩下大约一半人的时候,才参与进去。drive驾驶;come来;jump跳;walk走路。根据文意可知,作者等到剩下大约一半人的时候才开始起跑,此处jump指投入到比赛中。答案:C29. A. admittedB. figured outC. suggestedD. pointed to解析:句意:尽管我伪装了一下,其他参赛者很快就发现我是个女人。admit承认;figure out认出;suggest建议;point to指向;表明。根据前文可知,作者穿着连帽运动衫把头发绑在脑后,尽管作者进行了伪装,但
58、还是被认出来了。答案:B30. A. supportiveB. confusedC. cheerfulD. surprised解析:句意:幸运的是,他们非常支持我。supportive支持的;confused困惑的;cheerful兴高采烈的;surprised惊讶的。根据前文“Fortunately”可知,其他参赛者是非常支持的。答案:A31. A. continueB. happenC. existD. remain解析:句意:但他们说:“我们不会让这种事情发生。这是一条自由的路。” continue继续;happen发生;exist存在;remain保持。根据句意可知,作者得到了其他参赛
59、者的支持,他们表示不会让作者所担心的事情发生。答案:B32. A. took offB. took awayC. hung upD. handed out解析:句意:就在那时,我脱下了连帽运动衫,每个人都能看出我是个女人。take off脱下;take away 带走; hang up挂起;hand out分发。根据下文可知,每个人都看到作者是个女人,说明此处是指作者脱下了连帽运动衫。答案:A33. A. angryB. crazyC. braveD. disappointed解析:句意:然后人们疯狂起来。他们开始欢呼鼓掌道:“加油,姑娘!”angry生气的;crazy疯狂的;brave勇敢的
60、;disappointed失望的。根据文意可知,当人们发现作者是个女人之后,疯狂起来,开始为作者鼓掌。答案:B34. A. joinedB. lostC. finishedD. won解析:句意:最后我跑到了波士顿,用了3小时21分钟完成了比赛。join加入;lose失败;finish完成;win赢得。根据文意可知,此处表示作者完成了比赛。答案:C35. A. improveB. gainC. createD. give解析:句意:我想每个人来到这个世界上都是为了有所贡献。improve提高;gain获得;create创造;give给予。根据文意可知,作者认为每个人来到世界上都是为了有所贡献。
61、答案:D第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The celebrations with the military parade for Chinas 70th anniversary(周年纪念日) on National Day have clearly shown 36._this nation has developed quickly with confidence in the system 37._(adopt) under the leadership of the Communist Party of C
62、hina (CPC).On the one hand, National Day 38. (say) that China at 70 has achieved scientific and technological developments. On the other hand, it also reminded 39. (we) of the suffering the country experienced after the Opium War of 1840.The parade also told the 40. (story) of “Made in China” and “C
63、reated in China”. The achievements did not fall 41. the sky and nor were they stolen. Instead, they were the result of the hard work, 42. (wise) and courage of the Chinese people.Under the leadership of the CPC, the Chinese people have created 43. miracle in 70 years. The truth of socialism with Chi
64、nese characteristics 44. (prove) by history and practice to be a correct path. It has become evident that China will 45. (sure) achieve the goal of the great renewal of the Chinese nation.答案:36. how37. adopted38. said39. us40. stories41. from42. wisdom43. a44. has been proved/proven45. surely第三部分写作(
65、共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华,你们学校昨天举办了汉文化活动。 请你给你的加拿大笔友 Tom 写一封邮件告知他此事,内容包括:(1)活动目的、时间和地点;(2)主要内容(汉代舞蹈表演及汉服介绍);(3)你的感受。注意:(1)词数 80 左右;(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;(3)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。Dear Tom,_Yours,Li Hua答案:Dear Tom,In order to protect traditional Chinese culture, an activity about the culture of the Han Dynasty
66、 was held in our school hall yesterday. Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I am writing to tell you about it.The activity started with a wonderful dance performed by several girls wearing beautifully-designed Hanfu. Later, a teacher introduced the characteristics of Hanfu and t
67、he etiquette of the Han Dynasty. Students who had questions asked the teacher actively.Through this activity, I have learned more about the culture of the Han Dynasty. Its really meaningful.Yours,Li Hua第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。One evening, a workman was exhaustedly making his w
68、ay home after work, when he stopped to rest by the side of the road. A woman came by, pushing a cart full of flowers. The smell of her blossoms so filled the air with sweetness that it seemed to take away the tiredness in his bones and lift his spirits. He had never experienced such wonder from the
69、many blooms of his own garden. “How much must I pay, or what must I do, to have some of your wonderful flowers?” he asked the woman.“Oh, sir,” she said, “take what you wish for.”“What return must I make for them?” he asked again.“Your gratitude is enough,” she said, “and its a pleasure to share the
70、beauty of flowers with you.”So the man filled his arms with blossoms and hurried joyfully home. His wife and his children were also glad over the remarkable flowers, for they, too, discovered that the sight of them was a delight and the smell of them refreshed the soul.In order not to lose his valua
71、ble possession, the man planted the blossoms in a small plot of land behind his house. Sunlight and water kept them amazingly beautifulthey still performed their fantastic magic.Every day, his children took delight in playing in the yard and always sang and danced around the flowers. They all liked
72、the lovely gift their father had received and even invited many of their friends to share this fantastic magic together. When children came to play near the flowers, the man over and over warned them against carelessness and wild play for fear that they walked on the flowers and damaged them. But th
73、e flowers remained strong as long as there was enough sun and water to nourish(滋养) them. Nowhere else could the man or his wife or children find such remarkable relaxation from tiredness, such comfort in sadness, such spiritual nourishment as those remarkable flowers provided.With the news spreading
74、 and more people coming to appreciate his treasure, the man became even more concerned about his remarkable flowers.注意:(1)所续写短文的词数应为150左右;(2)续写部分分为两段,每段开头语已为你写好。Paragraph 1:He was determined to protect the flowers. _Paragraph 2:However, the flowers seemed to fade day by day, so the man went everywhe
75、re for help._答案:Paragraph 1:He was determined to protect the flowers. So he built a high wall around them. Not feeling satisfied, he even set up rules as to who could enter the garden, how they must enter, and what they must follow while they were there. As a result, children were forbidden to enter
76、 and appreciate the flowers as before. For his part, he continued to see to it that his treasure received enough sunlight and water so that the flowers continued to perform their wonderful magic.Paragraph 2:However, the flowers seemed to fade day by day, so the man went everywhere for help. He visit
77、ed every expert, only to find his efforts in vain. He felt on pins and needles, seeing his beloved flowers dying. One evening, he was wandering on the street aimlessly when he suddenly noticed the flower woman on the same spot where he had met her, giving away her amazing flowers. It finally dawned on him that the flowers are gifts not possessions and that only by sharing can the magic remain and last.