1、Module 4Great ScientistsSection Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary.阅读理解AHe is regarded as having one of the brightest minds on the planet.But outstanding astrophysicist(天体物理学家)Stephen Hawking has admitted that he did not learn to read until he was eight years old.In a public lecture at the Royal
2、Albert Hall，Professor Hawking also admitted that he was not active in studying while at Oxford University，where he studied physics，and that only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neuron(神经元)disease made him concentrate on his work.Professor Hawking said，“My sister Philippa could read
3、by the age of 4 but then she was definitely brighter than me.” He said that he was unexceptional at school and was never further than halfway up his class.“My classwork was very untidy，and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers，” he said.“But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein，so pre
4、sumably they saw signs of something better.”But he said that it was when doctors told him that he probably only had a few years to live at the age of 21 that galvanized(刺激)him into focusing on his work and a period of productivity that resulted in some of his early breakthroughs.He said，“When you ar
5、e faced with the possibility of an early death，it makes you realize that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.”【语篇解读】文章向我们讲述了传奇科学家霍金的故事。1Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? AStephen Hawking is the second Einstein in the world.BStephen Hawking coul
6、dnt read at the age of 7.CStephen Hawkings handwriting was once terribly bad.DStephen Hawkings sister once performed much better than him.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein，so presumably they saw signs of something better.”可知，绰号“爱因斯坦”是同学给起的，但并不意味着他就是第二个爱因斯坦。故选A项。2We
7、 can infer that Stephen Hawking was_when he was a child and studied in Oxford University.AcleverBlazyCbrightDmean解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段特别是“But outstanding astrophysicist (天体物理学家)Stephen Hawking has admitted that he did not learn to read until he was eight years old.”和第二段开头霍金自己承认的话中可知，他小时候和在大学里是非常懒惰的。3What
8、 can we learn from the last paragraph? AStephen Hawking didnt realize his dreams in physics.BIt was possible for Hawking to face the early death.CThe purpose of the doctors diagnosis was to encourage him to work hard.DHis life might be taken away by long hard work.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段特别是“He said，When y
9、ou are faced with the possibility of an early death，it makes you realize that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.”可知，他有可能要面对英年早逝的不幸事实。故选B项。4From whom did Hawking get a relatively just respect when he was at school? AHis sister.BHis classmates.CHis teachers.DHis parents.
10、解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段最后霍金的话可知，尽管老师不看好他，同学们仍给他“爱因斯坦”的绰号，他们从他身上看到了好的一面。BAbout ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way.Women are luckier；only about one in two hundred is affected in this matter.Perhaps，after all，it is safer to be driven by a woman! There are different forms of color
11、 blindness.In some cases a man may not be able to see deep red.He may think that red，orange and yellow are all shadows of green.Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green.In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of greena strange world indeed.Color blindnes
12、s in human beings is a strange thing to explain.In a single eye there are millions of very small things called “cones”These help us to see in a bright light and to tell the difference between colors.There are also millions of “rods”，but these are used for seeing when it is near dark.They show us sha
13、pe but no color.Some insects have favorite colors.Mosquitoes prefer blue to yellow.A red light will not attract insects，but a blue lamp will.In a similar way human beings also have favorite colors.Yet we are lucky.With the aid of the cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colors by day，and with
14、 the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night.One day we may even learn more about the invisible colors around us.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了关于色盲的一些知识。5The passage is mainly about_Acolor and its surprising effectsBwomen being luckier than menCdanger caused by color blindnessDcolor blindness解析：选D主旨大意题。本文第一段讲述了男女
15、色盲的比例，第二段主要讲了色盲的形式，第三段主要讲了关于色盲很难解释的一些事情。故选D项。6Which of the following statements about the colorblind is TRUE? ANot all of them have the same problem in recognizing color.BNone of them can see deep red.CNone of them can tell the difference between blue and green.DAll of them see everything in shades
16、of green.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段可知，人与人之间有不同形式的色盲。7According to the passage，with the help of the“cones”，we can_Atell different shapesBsee in a weak lightCkill mosquitoesDtell orange from yellow解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“These help us to see in a bright light and to tell the difference between colors.”可知，“cones”可以帮
17、助我们分辨颜色。故选D项。8We can attract and kill mosquitoes by using a_Ared lightByellow lightCblue lightDgreen light解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Mosquitoes prefer blue to yellow.”可知，蚊子喜欢蓝色。故选C项。.语法填空As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”， and up to now nobody 1._(be) ab
18、le to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars.He made people laugh at a time 2._ they felt depressed, so they could feel more content 3._ their lives.Charlie was born in a poor family in 1889.His parents were both poor music hall pe
19、rformers.You may find it astonishing that Charlie 4._(teach) to sing as soon as he could speak and dance.Such training was common in acting families at this time, 5._(especial) when the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, 6._(leave) the family even worse off, so Charlie
20、 spent his childhood 7._(look) after his sick mother and his brother.By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child 8._(actor) in England.He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks.No one was ever bored watching himhis subtle acting made everyth
21、ing entertaining.With time 9._(go) by, he began making films.He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout 10._ world.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幽默大师Charlie Chaplin的生平。1解析：考查时态。句意：到目前为止，没有人能比Chaplin做得更好。因为有时间状语up to now“到目前为止”，所以本句要用现在完成时态have/has done
22、；主语是nobody，是单数形式，故填has been。答案：has been2解析：考查定语从句。先行词是time，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，所以要用关系副词when，在从句中作时间状语，故填when。答案：when3解析：考查介词。固定短语：be/feel content with“对满意”，故填with。答案：with4解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：Chaplin一能说话，他就开始被教唱歌。说的是过去的事情，又根据语境应该是被动语态，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态：were/was done；主语是Chaplin，是单数，故填was taught。解析：was taught5解析：考查副
23、词。此处要用副词especially“尤其”作状语，修饰后面的when从句，故填especially。答案：especially6解析：考查现在分词。此处是现在分词leaving作结果状语，与主语his father是主动关系，而且是意料中的结果。故填leaving。答案：leaving7解析：考查固定结构。固定结构：spend.(in) doing sth.“花费做某事”，故填looking。答案：looking8解析：考查名词。固定结构：one ofthe名词(复数形式)，意思是“之一”，所以可数名词actor要用复数形式，故填actors。答案：actors9解析：考查现在分词。with
24、的复合结构在句中作状语：with宾语宾补；空处与time是主动关系，表示“随着时间的推移”，要用现在分词，故填going。答案：going10解析：考查冠词。固定短语：throughout the world“全世界”，故填the。答案：the1diagnosisn诊断；判断2definitelyadv.肯定；确切地3unexceptionaladj.平常的；普通的4insectn昆虫5aidn帮助；援助6invisibleadj.看不见的In a public lecture at the Royal Albert Hall，Professor Hawking also admitted t
25、hat he was not active in studying while at Oxford University, where he studied physics, and that only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neuron(神经元)disease made him concentrate on his work.分析admit后接两个并列的that引导的宾语从句，这两个从句由and连接，第三个that引导的是同位语从句，修饰名词diagnosis，where引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Oxford University。翻译霍金教授在皇家阿尔伯特音乐厅的一次公开演讲中也承认他在牛津大学学习的时候并不积极，在那儿他学习的是物理，并且还承认就是那次他可能很年轻就会死于神经元疾病的诊断让他专注于他的工作。