1、单元综合检测(四).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AIn our annual Readers Choice Awards survey，we asked our readers to rate their favorite cities in the world for arts and culture.These cities are centres of music and dance，museums，and theatres.Here are four of them where you can find inspiration in the arts，star
2、ting with the top spot.Rome，ItalyAt its peak，the Roman Empire extended over nearly two million square miles of land across Europe，Asia Minor and North Africa.Today，that history is on display everywhere.The citys main attractions are famous not because of tourist advertisements，but because they are r
3、eally so impressive.No wonder its known as the Eternal City：You could spend forever here and find new artistic and cultural treasures every day.Paris，FranceHemingway famously called Paris “a moveable feast”，but wherever you go while in the city，there is always something to see，hear，taste or feel.Wit
4、h some 150 museums，Paris doubles as an art history class，offering the very best of the discipline across centuries and styles.London，The United KingdomLondon is inspiration and setting for the rise of Shakespeare，Dickens，Orwell and Eliot and the breeding ground for all those iconic (标志性的) bands：The
5、Kinks，The Clash and The Stones.London is also Banksys favorite canvas，home to more than 1，000 galleries，and the kind of pace where you can spend a whole day in a single museum and still be ready for more when it opens the next morning.Vienna，AustriaAs we all know，Western music would be unrecognizabl
6、e without Austrias capital，which nurtured many famous musicians.Its also the site of the Vienna Secession，a revolutionary art movement founded in 1897 by Gustav Klimt.Visitors today can see the fruits of all that creativity in the citys 100odd museums.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了罗马、巴黎、伦敦、维也纳这四个艺术和文化城市。1Wh
7、y is Rome regarded as the Eternal City?AIt had an important role in history.BIts history can be seen everywhere.CPeople can easily find new art and culture.DPeople can spend money well there.C细节理解题。根据文中的句子“No wonder its known as the Eternal City：You could spend forever here and find new artistic and
8、 cultural treasures every day.”可知，罗马被认为是永恒之城的原因是人们很容易发现新的艺术和文化。故选C。2What does the underlined word “nurtured”in the last paragraph mean?AProduced.BAffected.CAttracted.DChanged.A词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的句子“many famous musicians”可知，此处表达的应该是“产生”了很多著名的音乐家。故选A。3Which column can we probably find the text? AHistory.BA
9、rt.CEducation.DLife.B推理判断题。本文主要介绍了四个艺术和文化城市。所以我们可以在艺术专栏中找到这篇短文。故选B。BI loved sports and I dreamed of being a star athlete in high school.However，something happened on one winter morning when I was playing a basketball game for my rural league team.I was having a pretty good game.But then I remembered
10、 falling and screaming for help.I didnt know what was wrong with me.I looked at my leg and it seemed as if I had broken it.I was taken to the hospital immediately in an ambulance and then was diagnosed with a dislocated patella (膝盖骨脱臼)My patella was not put back into place for a few hours because th
11、e doctors needed to make sure nothing else was damaged.For a 16yearold boy，it was a lot to take in.I kept asking different questions，like“How does this heal？”“Will I need surgery？”I headed home later with some medicine to relieve my pain and an appointment to see a doctor.Through my doctors visit，I
12、learned that it was the way my own body was built that caused my patella to dislocate.A combination of things like the angles of my body，ligaments (韧带) that were too tight in some places and too loose in others，and the fact there was no groove (凹槽) for my patella to sit in.I needed a series of surge
13、ries and 6month physical treatment to recover.I kept going and eventually I went back to playing sports with a brace (支架) on.Today，I am feeling much better and both of my knees have remained healthy.I have to continue to keep them strong，though，in order for the surgeries to continue working properly
14、.I cant say that my confidence is totally back because I will always have the fear of something happening.But I am ready to face difficulties or challenges in the future.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者一次打篮球时的受伤经历，以及此经历对作者今后生活产生的影响。4What happened to the author when he was playing basketball?A He broke his
15、 left leg.BHis patella was out of place.CHis teammate fell to the ground.DHe heard a scream from his teammates.B细节理解题。根据第二段“.and then was diagnosed with a dislocated patella (膝盖骨脱臼)”可知，作者在打篮球时膝盖骨脱臼了。5What is the real reason for the authors injury?AHis intense sports activity.BHis physical disadvanta
16、ge.CHis careless behavior.DHis tight ligaments.B细节理解题。根据第四段“I learned that it was the way my own body was built that caused my patella to dislocate.”可知，作者受伤的真正原因是自身身体的缺陷。6What is the authors attitude toward his present situation?ACareful.BHopeful.CCurious. DSatisfied.A观点态度题。根据第五段“I cant say that my
17、confidence is totally back because I will always have the fear of something happening.”可推断，作者对自己的处境持小心谨慎的态度。7What is the text mainly about?AAn adventurous sporting career.BEnthusiasm for playing sports.CA lesson from playing sports.DAn incident of playing sports.D主旨大意题。结合本文内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者在参加体育运动时发生的一
18、个小事故。CWhen a child is choking，it means that an object is stuck in the trachea (气管)When this happens，air cant flow normally into or out of the lungs，so the child cant breathe properly.The trachea is usually protected by the epiglottis (会厌)It allows food to pass down and go into our stomach and also p
19、revents food from going down the trachea.But occasionally，the epiglottis doesnt close fast enough and food can slip into the trachea.If a child is choking and coughing but can breathe and talk，this means the airway is not completely blocked.Its best to do nothing.Watch the child carefully and make s
20、ure he recovers completely.The child will likely be fine after a good coughing spell.It can be uncomfortable for him，but he is generally fine after a few seconds.Dont reach into the mouth to grab the object or even pat the child on the back.Either of these steps could make the situation worse.Someti
21、mes，an object can get into the trachea and completely block the airway.If airflow into and out of the lungs is blocked and the brain is short of oxygen，choking can become a lifethreatening emergency.A child needs help immediately if he cant breathe，or turns blue.Begin the abdominal thrusts (腹部施压法) i
22、f youve been trained to do so.When a person does abdominal thrusts，a sudden burst of air is forced upward through the trachea from the diaphragm (膈膜) and will dislodge a foreign object and send it flying up into (or even out of) the mouth.All kids are at risk of choking，but those younger than 3 are
23、especially at risk.Young kids tend to put things in their mouths，have smaller airways that are easily blocked，and dont have a lot of experiences of chewing，so they might swallow whole things.Firstaid courses are a must for parents，or other caregivers.To find one，check with hospitals and health depar
24、tments in your community.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了儿童发生窒息的原因，以及应对窒息的处理方法。8What can we know about epiglottis?AIt stops food from flowing into the trachea.BIt closes as soon as we swallow food.CIt connects the trachea and the lungs.DIt helps children breathe smoothly.A细节理解题。根据第一段“.and also prevents food f
25、rom going down the trachea.”可知，会厌可以阻止食物流入气管。9What is advised to do once a childs airway is partly blocked?ATo let him get better naturally.BTo ask him to cough intensely.CTo beat his back continuously.DTo take the object out of his mouth.A细节理解题。根据第二段“.airway is not completely blocked.Its best to do
26、nothing.”可知，当孩子气管被部分堵塞时，不需要采取任何措施，这种情况孩子可自行恢复。10What does the underlined word “dislodge” in Paragraph 4 mean?APress.BRemove. CBreak.DSeparate.B词义猜测题。根据第四段中的腹部施压法的介绍以及“.and send it flying up into (or even out of) the mouth.”可知，腹部施压法是通过挤压形成向上的气流把异物通过气管排出体外，此处dislodge意为“移除”。11Why do kids under the age
27、of 3 have a greater risk of choking?AThey lack first aid common sense.BThey have a narrower airway.CThey are used to eating fast.DThey have a good appetite.B细节理解题。根据第五段“.have smaller airways that are easily blocked”可知，三岁以下的孩子容易窒息是因为他们的气管更窄小。DThe pramos are high mountain ecosystems lying between 3，20
28、0 and 4，200 meters above sea level.60% of their plant species cant be found in other ecosystems in the world.Their plant species formation takes hundreds of thousands of years.The pramos mean a lot to Latin America.The native settlers included the pramos in their traditional ceremonies，as a greatly
29、respected area.The Muisca people of Colombias central highlands believed the pramo gave birth to their ancient mother.A Muisca chief was said to have covered himself with gold and thrown himself into Lake Guatavita，encouraging the conquistadores (西班牙征服者) to go on a great gold rush for his treasures.
30、During the Colombian War of Independence，Simn Bolvar crossed the Pisba pramo to avoid Spanish army.The pramos feed streams，rivers and water catchment areas.These in turn supply water to major South American cities including Bogot and Quito.The pramos have a remarkable ability to store water through
31、its plants and unique geological features.They also take in carbon through plants and organic matter in the soil.Human activities like mining (采矿) have a negative impact on this process by releasing carbon stored in the soil，contributing to global warming.In Colombia，where more than half of the worl
32、ds pramos are located，the government is making a decision on the future of these valuable and fragile ecosystems through a process of officially demarcating (给划界) their boundaries.To truly protect the pramos from irreparable damage，it is essential to clearly define their territorial boundaries.The S
33、anturbn pramo will soon become the first area to be officially demarcated，according to government plans.What is urgent now is that Colombias Department of Environment should demarcate the Santurbn pramos boundary based on the scientific principle.A nonoffcial organization AIDA is taking online actio
34、n to call for this proposal.AIDA is telling the public if there are enough people signing on its website for the plan，itll probably attract the governments attention and win a better future for the Santurbn pramo.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了pramos这一地球上独特的高寒生态系统，以及人类为保护这一生态系统所做的尝试。12What can we learn about
35、 the pramos from Paragraph 2?AThey were once filled with a mass of gold.BThey were very common in Latin America.CThey got badly damaged by Spanish army.DThey influenced Latin American history and culture.D推理判断题。根据第二段的“The pramos mean a lot to Latin Amenca.”并结合本段内容可推断，pramos生态系统影响了拉丁美洲的历史和文化。13Whats
36、the role of the pramo in preventing global warming?AIndicating signs of global warming.BProviding water for cities around it.CReserving rivers and streams.DKeeping carbon in the soil.D细节理解题。根据第三段的“They also take in carbon through plants and organic matter in the soil.”以及“.have a negative impact on t
37、his process .global warming.”可知，pramos生态系统通过植物和土壤中的有机物把碳保留在土壤里来预防全球变暖。14Why did the government plan to draw the pramos territorial boundaries?ATo better protect the pramos ecosystems.BTo make full use of the mines in the pramos.CTo divide responsibility for protecting the pramos.DTo settle territori
38、al conflict between neighboring regions.A细节理解题。根据第四段的“To truly protect the pramos from.clearly define their territorial boundaries.”可知，哥伦比亚政府划定pramos生态系统的边界是为了更好地保护它。15What is probably AIDAs present wish for the public?ATo pay a visit to the Santurbn pramo.BTo fight against the pramos old boundaries
39、.CTo refuse to work for local mining companies.DTo support their cause of the Santurbn pramo protection.D推理判断题。根据第五段的“itll probably.win a better future for the Santurbn pramo”可推断，AIDA希望公众支持其保护Santurbn pramo的事业。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)Have you ever stopped to consider how empty the world would loo
40、k without trees? Below are five of the top benefits that trees provide. 16 When adults who are feeling down spend time in the forest，they feel better.Forest therapy can range from simply walking among the trees for a couple of hours to meditating (冥想) in a forest.The adults note they become more con
41、fident and their mood improves after forest therapy.Trees help you heal faster.Natural environments，including forests，help you reach a more positive state of mind. 17 In fact，sick people with exposure to nature heal faster than those who dont，even if its just a view through a window!Trees reduce air
42、 pollution and improve respiratory(呼吸的) health.Trees take in many harmful pollutants from our environment. 18 These forests reduce an estimated 670，000 cases of respiratory illness and save 850 lives.Trees provide oxygen.Trees are like the lungs of our Earth.They supply us with oxygen while taking a
43、way our carbon dioxide and ask for nothing in return.A single tree can provide enough oxygen for four people. 19 Trees cool cities.Trees cool thin down by offering shade and through evapotranspiration (蒸散) 20 Trees even save you money on your electric bill.When a tree offers direct shade for your ho
44、me，youll use less air conditioning.ATrees cheer you up!BTrees help reduce the effects of climate change.CThis，in turn，affects your overall state of wellness.DIn fact，large forests can influence regional weather patterns.ESo plant more trees around your home if you want to feel cooler.FAnd of course，
45、trees also provide plenty of oxygen for birds and other wildlife.GFor example，in the US，forests remove 17.4 million tons of pollution per year.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了树木对人类和环境的好处。16A此空设于段首，是本段的主题句，本段主要说明人们置身树林可以调节心情。A选项说树林可以振奋精神，符合语境。17C此空设于段中，与上句存在指代关系，C选项的“This”指代上句中的“a more positive state of mind”，
46、说明积极的心态对身体健康也产生影响，并通过下文所举的sick people的例子进一步解释说明了这一影响。18G此空设于段中，与上句存在解释关系，上句说树木可以吸收污染物，G选项进一步举例说明仅在美国，树木和森林每年可消除一千七百多万吨的污染。19F此空设于段尾，与上句存在递进关系，上句说一棵树可以为四个人提供充足的氧气，F选项说树木当然也为鸟类和其它野生动物提供充足的氧气。20E此空设于段中，与上句存在因果关系，上句说树木可以通过提供阴凉和蒸散来给周围的事物降温，E选项说所以如果想更凉爽的话就在家附近多种树。.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)There are many ani
47、mals waiting patiently in shelters to get adopted.Though we may fall in love with one sweet dog，its 21 to pay attention to all the loyal animals wishing for a home.Darius Brown，an elevenyearold boy，decided to help animals get 22 and adopted at a faster rate.Darius Brown used his 23 to create a posit
48、ive influence after hearing of the disastrous effect of Hurricane Harvey.Animals across the country were left 24 homes，and a lack of resources and 25 at animal shelters meant theyd face euthanasia (安乐死)Darius wanted to encourage people to adopt these pets，so he founded his own company，“Beaux & Paws，
49、”which 26 fashionable bow ties for pets.Although much 27 than his entrepreneurial (富于企业家精神的)peers，Darius 28 understood the value of giving back.He 29 his bow ties to animal shelters across the US.Darius fantastic pet makeovers have been 30 in several TV shows so far.Former President Obama 31 the ent
50、repreneur with a letter of 32 ，where he praised him for his contribution: “From founding Beaux & Paws to lifting up the lives of those around you，its clear you are doing your 33 to look out for your fellow citizens. 34 you care about the world around you，continue looking for ways to 35 others and ne
51、ver give up，Im confident our future will be bright.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Darius Brown向动物收容机构捐出自己制作的领结，希望帮助那里的动物们更快被人收养的故事。21A.excitingBnaturalCimproper DdifficultD尽管你可能会喜欢上一只小狗，但却很难(difficult)注意到这些动物都渴望一个家。22A.noticed BunderstoodCtreated DcleanedA根据上文内容，动物们想有个家。Darius Brown想帮助动物们得到人们的注意(noticed)，让它
52、们更快被收养。23A.willBpotentialCtalentDhobbyC结合下文内容可知，Darius Brown给动物设计时尚领结，他用自己的才能(talent)制造一些积极的影响。24A.withoutBat CforDoutsideA受到哈维飓风的影响，动物们失去了家园(without homes)。25A.equipmentBspaceCcareDnutritionB根据上文许多动物失去了家园，导致动物收容所空间(space)短缺，资源匮乏，许多动物要面临安乐死。26A.designedBcollectedCorderedDtransportedA这家公司专门给宠物设计(desi
53、gned)时尚领结。27A.smarterByoungerCricherDtougherB根据上文an elevenyearold boy可知，Darius Brown十一岁就创办了自己的公司，他比公司的很多创业伙伴年轻(younger)。28A.seldomBfinallyCaccidentally DalreadyD虽然比其他的创业伙伴年纪小，但Darius Brown已经(already)懂得了回馈的重要性。29A.deliveredBdonatedCattached DintroducedBDarius Brown将许多自己公司设计的领结捐赠(donated)给了美国的动物收容所。30
54、A.featured BpostedCannouncedDappointedA一些电视节目对Darius Brown的事迹进行了报道。be featured in意为“被刊登在”。31A.rewardedBassistedCsuppliedDhonoredD美国前总统奥巴马对Darius Brown进行了表彰(honored)。honor sb. with sth.意为“给予表扬，表彰”。32A.recognition BappointmentCadmission DcongratulationA美国前总统奥巴马给这位小企业家写了表彰信(recognition)。33A.dutyBexerci
55、seCpartDperformanceCDarius Brown为照顾身边的同胞尽了自己的一份力量(part)。34A.In case BOnly if CEven if DAs long asD根据上下文语境，只要(As long as)你关心你周围的世界，我们的未来就将是光明的。35A.rescueBhelpCpraiseDdelightB只要你乐于帮助(help)他人，永不言弃，我们的未来将是光明的。.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Elderly people，including those who suffer from dementia (痴呆)，can incr
56、ease risks 36._ their health just because they do not drink enough water.In fact，for the elderly，the sense of thirst is almost 37._ (absence) and this can easily cause severe dehydration.In addition，many people with dementia have great difficulty 38._ (swallow) liquids.Recently，a young man，the grand
57、son of an elderly lady with dementia，has developed a way 39._ (help) his grandmother drink enough water.Lewis Hornby，seeing his grandmothers symptoms due to severe dehydration，came up with a 40._ (solve) for stopping this from happening again.It is a box of tasty colorful balls 41._ (make) from 90%
58、water with the electrolytes (电解质)，42._ are helpful in relieving(缓解) dehydration.The balls have bright colors and can 43._ (easy) attract the elderlys attention to remind them to drink water.Lewis has equipped it with 44._ advanced opening，specially designed for the elderly.In addition，the box also h
59、as a transparent (透明的) cover so that the elderly can 45._ (attract) by the brightly colored balls in it.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个年轻人为了帮助老年人缓解脱水症而发明了一种可以吃的水球。36to考查介词。risk to sb./sth.是固定搭配，意为“对某人/某事物有风险”。37absent考查词性转换。本句是主系表结构，故用形容词作表语。38swallowing考查非谓语动词。have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”
60、。39to help考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。40solution考查词性转换。句子缺宾语，且前面有冠词a，故填solution。41made考查非谓语动词。balls和make构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。42which考查定语从句。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是balls，句子缺主语，故填which。43easily考查副词。此处修饰动词attract，故填副词 easily。44an考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且advanced是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。45be attracted考查动词的语态。句子主语the elderly和attrac
61、t之间是动宾关系，且句子缺少谓语，位于情态动词can之后，故填be attracted。.应用文写作(满分15分)假定你是李华，你市自然历史博物馆将举办摄影展，请你写一封邮件邀请在你校做交换生的好友Peter一同前往观看，内容包括：1摄影展主题：人类生存；2时间和地点；3表示期待。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Peter，How are you doing? Aimed at illustrating how people have survived disasters and diseases over the long history，t
62、he natural history museum of our city will hold a sevenday photographic exhibition from 15 October.Would you like to go with me this weekend? A large number of pictures related to the theme will be shown then.And Im sure well learn much experience of surviving disasters from our ancestors or the old
63、er generations through this exhibition.Looking forward to your company.Yours， Li Hua.读后续写(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“How is your preparation going for the dance competition on World Dance Day，Melissa？”asked Jennifer.“Not so good.Im not as confident as I was，”replied Melissa，with a f
64、rown.It was the lunch break and Jennifer and Melissa were talking in the classroom.Lindsay came running and said，“Miss Olivia，our dance teacher，wants a word with you，Melissa.”“She is waiting for you in the office.”Then，the three girls walked towards the office，chatting excitedly.“Hello，Melissa.I wan
65、t to talk to you about the new dance steps I have added to your performance.In this World Dance Day competition well be watching three more performances from our neighboring schools.All the girls taking part are trained performers.Since you are the best one in the group，Im super confident that you w
66、ill come first in the competition if you work hard on your dance performance，”smiled Miss Olivia.“I surely will try my best，Miss Olivia.But Im feeling a bit nervous，”said Melissa，worriedly.“Well，Im sure your friends here will help you build your confidence in your dance skills.Wont you，dears？”asked
67、Miss Olivia，hopefully.“We surely will give Melissa full support.We will help Melissa with it until she dances without mistakes，”replied Jennifer and Lindsay.Melissa learned the new dance steps from Miss Olivia and was able to give a perfect performance.The teacher clapped her hands and said，“You are
68、 a fast learner.Im very pleased to see how quickly you have learned the new steps.Now you just need to practice daily till the performance.”Just a week before the performance，Melissa fell down the steps and sprained her ankle.“What should I do now? My foot hurts so much and the dance competition is
69、coming soon，”cried Melissa.Her mom ran out of the kitchen.“Oh dear，Id better call Dr. Roberts quickly，”she shouted，picking up the phone.“Mom，do call Jennifer and Lindsay.I must see them，”yelled Melissa，holding her foot with her hands.注意：1.续写的词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式作答。Soon Jennifer and Lindsay，as well as D
70、r. Roberts came to Melissas house._For a few days，Jennifer and Lindsay took turns to come and look after Melissa._【参考范文】Soon Jennifer and Lindsay，as well as Dr. Roberts came to Melissas house.After careful examinations Dr. Roberts smiled，“ Its a sprain which will heal quickly.Just take some rest for
71、 a few days，and you will be alright.”“What about my dance practice？”Melissa asked，with tears in her eyes.“Dont worry.You will be great.Im sure your friends will take care of you and give you full support.For now have some rest and stay in a good mood，”said Dr. Roberts，waving goodbye.For a few days，J
72、ennifer and Lindsay took turns to come and look after Melissa.They both cheered her up with encouraging words.Dr. Roberts visited her regularly.With all the help and support，Melissa recovered quickly.On the day of the dance competition，confidence showed in Melissas face.She danced without mistakes and the judges praised her for her excellent performance.Finally，Melissa came first in the competition.Jennifer and Lindsay felt so proud of Melissa and gave her a big，warm hug.