1、必修|Unit 4Cyberspace(一)阅读词汇明其义、写其形第一组：明其义1virtual adj.虚拟的2pessimistic adj. 悲观的，厌世的3destruction n. 破坏，毁灭4military adj. 军事的，军用的5hacker n. 电脑黑客6global adj. 全球的，全世界的7surfing n. 冲浪8climate n. 气候9spider n. 蜘蛛10crime n. 犯罪；罪行11tourism n. 观光，游览第二组：写其形1likely_adj. 有可能的 adv. (与most，very连用)可能2focus_vi. 集中注意3gui
2、de n. 指南；导游，向导4fashion n. 时髦，时尚5affect vt. 影响6attack n& vt. 攻击，进攻7project n. 课题；方案；工程8disappear vi. 消失9suburb n. 市郊，郊区10destination_n. 目的地11offer n& vt. 提供，提议；出价；优惠12view_n. 景色，风景13crash vt. (汽车、飞机等)撞毁；坠毁14average adj. 平均的 n. 平均数15locate vt. 坐落于；位于(二)表达词汇晓其变、通其用1reality n真实，现实realize vt.实现；意识到real a
3、dj.真实的，真的2optimistic adj.乐观的optimism n乐观；乐观主义3harm vt.& n伤害，损害harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.无害的4scientific adj.科学的science n科学scientist n科学家5arrangement n安排arrange vt.安排6settle vi.定居 vt.解决；使定居settlement n解决；(新)定居地7attractive adj.吸引人的，有魅力的attraction n吸引力；具有吸引力的事物或人attract vt.吸引8entertainment n娱乐；款待enter
4、tain v娱乐；招待entertaining adj.使愉快的；有趣的9suggestion n建议，提议suggest vt.建议，提议(三)常用短语多积累、准运用1make_up编造；构成2come_true 实现3as_if 好像，仿佛4hang_on (电话用语)别挂断；别放弃5get_in_touch 取得联系6be_up_to 做，从事于；取决于；胜任7in_the_flesh 本人亲身8as_well_as 也，又9be_known_as 被认为是10take_action 采取行动11whats_more 而且12take_over 接收，接管13consist_of 由组成
5、14cut_off 切掉，切断15have_problems_with 在方面有困难(四)经典句式明特点、会仿用1“It isadj.that .”句型，其中it作形式主语悟原句It is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.背佳句(2019全国卷满分作文)It is necessary that everyone should arrive at the school stadium on time.2.as if意为“好像，似乎”，引导表语从句悟原句.the use of comp
6、uters with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation.背佳句(2017浙江6月高考满分作文)Paul looked out of the back window and saw the wolf standing over Macs bicycle as if it were a killer.3.have sth.done“使某事物被做”，过去分词作宾补悟原句Do you have anything planned for Saturday and Sunday？背佳句(2017
7、江苏高考满分作文)Its time for us to have the boxoffice income reconsidered.4.findit宾语补足语悟原句But I still find it hard to imagine.背佳句(2020全国卷满分作文)However, we find it necessary to perform it well.1.种种“犯罪”全接触theft n偷窃robbery n. 抢劫kidnap n& vt. 绑架murder n& vt. 谋杀corruption n. 贪污2.走进“旅游(行)”圈tourism n旅游业journey n.
8、长途旅行travel n& v. 旅行trip n. 短途旅行tour n. 观光旅行voyage n& v. (乘船)航行3.“就前原则”相关词汇一览as well as也，又，和except/but 除了together with 和along with 和rather than 而不是4.“v.off”短语速记cut off切掉，切断turn off 关掉pay off 还清take off 起飞；脱掉put off 推迟give off 发出(光、热、气味等).用所给词的适当形式填空1The title will be officially (official) given to me
9、 at a ceremony in London.2Indeed, the phone can bring great convenience to our life.However, it can be harmful (harm) to our friendship.3We have arranged a special dinner for the guests, and we hope the arrangement will be accepted.(arrange)4Finally they failed to reach a settlement (settle), becaus
10、e they disagreed too much with each other.5The children in the mountain village have no entertainment,_so their teachers often tell entertaining stories to entertain them after class.(entertain)6The scientist has made great contributions to science,_which has led to much scientific progress.(science
11、)7Blackpool is the top tourist attraction in England.A number of visitors from all over the world are attracted by the attractive scenery there.(attract)8The man suggested that the manager should accept his suggestions which he thought were of great value.(suggest).介、副词填空1I tried to get_in touch wit
12、h you yesterday evening, but I think you were out.2He understands the business and can take_over when Im away.3The teacher asked her students to make up sentences using the given words.4All electronic computers consist of five units although they are of different kinds.5He had his finger cut off in
13、an accident at work, which left him a painful memory.6We chose Harry to be captain because we thought he was up to_the job.7Now hang_on a minute I cant really believe what you just said.8The organization encourages members to meet on a regular basis as well as provides them with financial support.选词
14、填空1come true/realizeHer dream of becoming an actress has finally been realized.What other predictions do you know from science fiction books or films that have come_true?2view/sight/scene/sceneryHe photographed a wide range of street scenes.The view from the top of the tower was spectacular.We passe
15、d through beautiful scenery on our journey.The Great Wall is one of the sights of the world.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义1The disease affects many different organs of the body. (疾病)侵袭2If people are unkind to him he feels rejected. 冷落；嫌弃3Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. 普通的4I hope the boys s
16、ettle their quarrel and become friends. 解决He settled in the country after his retirement. 定居After the excitement I tried to settle myself down. 使平静5It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents. 焦点；中心点6Well start with climbing th
17、e mountain, taking in fresh air and enjoying the breathtaking views along the way. 景色，风景7Their expressions suggested they had affection for Chinese tea culture.表明；暗示8Now we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. 优惠.完成句子1Its_natural_tha
18、t teachers are strict with their students.(It is adj. that .)老师对学生要求严格是很自然的事。2Its as_if_the_brain_is_preserving its most important memories.(as if)似乎是大脑正在保存它最重要的记忆。3He had_his_leg_broken in the match last week.(have sth.done)他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。4Its_more_likely_that none of us start a conversation because
19、 its awkward and challenging.(Its likely that)更可能的是我们没有人开始对话，因为会觉得有些尴尬并且也有点难。5I then made_it_a_point_to_attend those meetings and learn all I could.(make itn.to do)我于是把出席那些会议并尽最大可能多学些东西当作重点。1likely adj.有可能的；可能发生的adv.(与most，very连用)大概，很可能单句语法填空/句型转换That means the price is likely to_go (go) down becaus
20、e of the competition.If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.If you grow up in a large family, it_is_more_likely_that you develop the ability to get on well with others.选词填空(possible/likely/probable)He is likely to take part in the spor
21、ts meeting in the school.Is it possible for him to see me tonight?Its probable/likely/possible that shell get the job.归纳法记牢sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/某物很可能做某事Its likely that . 很可能辨析比较likely“有可能的”，常用来指从表面现象上看可能性很大，其主语可以是人，也可以是物。常构成句型sb./sth.belikely to do sth.和It is likely that .probable“很有可能的”，常
22、用来指有根据、合乎情理、值得相信的事，其可能性最大，相当于most likely，其主语是it或物，常构成句型It is/seems probable that .possible“有可能的”，强调客观上的可能性，常暗示可能性很小，其主语只能是it，常构成句型It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或It is possible that .2focus vi.集中注意；(使)聚焦 n焦点，焦距，聚焦；(注意力的)中心，集中点(1)focus on/upon sth./sb.集中注意力于某物/人focus ones attention on/upon 注意力集中于
23、(2)in focus 焦距对准；对焦out of focus 焦距没对准；失焦演绎法练通单句语法填空/完成句子Youd better focus your attention on/upon your studies.The key question is in focus; why not reach a decision? (2019浙江6月高考写作)If praise is sincere and_focused_on_the_effort_not_the_outcome,_you can give it as often as your child does something th
24、at deserves a verbal reward.如果表扬是真诚的，并且关注的是努力而不是结果，你可以在孩子做了值得口头奖励的事情时经常给予表扬。3offer n& vt.提供，提议；出价；优惠(1)make an offer of help/support/food 主动提供帮助/支持/食物make an offer to do sth. 动要做某事(2)offer sb.sth. offer sth.to sb.主动把某物给某人offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事演绎法练通完成句子 The young man_offered_the_old_man_his_own_sea
25、t/offered_his_own_seat_to_the_old_man_on the bus.那位年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人。If you offer_to_help/make_an_offer_to_help others, youll eventually be rewarded.如果你主动帮助别人，你最终会得到回报。联想发散supply和provide也有“提供，供应”之意，其常用搭配是：supply sb.with sth. supply sth.to sb.provide sb.with sth. provide sth.for sb.4settle vi.定居
26、，安家；(灰尘、雪等)降落，停留 vt.安排，解决，处理；决定；安放辨析法理清辨清楚写出下列句中settle的含义Qingdao is a beautiful city and I wish to settle there.定居I dont think the snow will settle.停留(不融化)Theres only one way to settle the argument.解决理明白settle的相关用法归纳settle down/get settled定居；稳定；平静下来；舒适地坐下settle down to (doing) sth.开始专心于某事，着手认真做某事set
27、tle in/into 定居；习惯于(新居)；适应(新工作)settle on 决定，选定；停留，降落 针对训练 单句语法填空(2018全国卷)People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter settle down,_get married, and have kids.The trial period was over,
28、and I could settle down to building (build) a closer contact with the apes.5harm vt.& n伤害，损害(1)do/cause harm to .对造成伤害do sb.harmdo harm to sb. 伤害某人；对某人有害There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害处(2)harmful adj. 有害的，导致损害的be harmful to . 对有害演绎法练通完成句子/一句多译If you want to solve the problem in this way, there_
29、is_no_harm_in_calling_him.如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing/doing_serious_harm_to life and the environment.最近，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is_harmful_to_ou
30、r_health.(harmful)It is known to us that eating too much junk food does_harm_to_our_health.(harm n)6view n景色，风景；视野；观点，意见 vt.眺望；观察；观看；看作；考虑辨析法理清辨清楚写出下列句中view的词性及含义People came from all over the world to view her works.v.观看When the old man opened the window, a stranger with a high hat came into view. n
31、视野He climbed up to the top of the tower to get a better view of the entire city. n景色Wed like to find out young peoples views on religion.n.观点理明白view的相关用法归纳 (1)come into view看得见；进入视野have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览(2)in ones viewfrom ones point of view 在某人看来(3)view .as . 把看作针对训练单句语法填空The Internet is view
32、ed by many people as a revolutionary education tool.I doubted if the picnickers could have a good view of the sunset they had come that far to see.完成句子(2019全国卷书面表达) The 3hour music festival will begin at 9：00 am. and youd better come earlier for a good seat in_order_to_enjoy/have_a_better_view.3个小时的
33、音乐节将于上午9：00开始，你最好早点来找个好座位，以便有更好的视野。7average adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的 n平均数；平均水平；一般水准 v平均为；计算出的平均数辨析法理清辨清楚写出下列句中 average的词性及含义The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.adj.平均的Its said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.n.平均数There was nothing special about
34、the film it was only average.adj.普通的The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily.vt.平均为理明白average的相关用法归纳(1)an average of平均有(后跟数词)on (the) average 平均来看above/below (the) average在平均水平以上/以下(2)average out 算出平均数针对训练单句语法填空The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.W
35、ith the teachers help, they succeeded in averaging out the numbers and got the result.完成句子There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, an_average_of 18 students in each class.Toms marks were above_average while Johns were below_average.在这次考试中有90名同学得到了满分，每个班级平均有18名。汤姆的成绩在平均水平之上，而约翰的成绩在平均水平之
36、下。1get in touch取得联系串联式巧记一语串起With the development of science and technology, there are many ways to make people keep in touch with others.For example, with mobile phones we can be in touch with others wherever we are, and via the Internet, we can get in touch with those who have been out of touch wit
37、h us for many years.随着科学技术的发展，有了很多可以让人们与他人保持联系的方式。例如，无论我们在哪里，我们都可以用手机和其他人保持联系。通过互联网，我们可以与那些失去联系多年的人取得联系。用法释义keep in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系(状态)get in touch with sb. 和某人取得联系(动作)be in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系(状态) lose touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(动作)be out of touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(状态) 针对训练对比填空(keep in touch w
38、ith; get in touch with)Bob and Johnson were childhood companions.However, after graduating from university, they lost touch.Fortunately, they got_in_touch_with each other last week.I have tried to keep_in_touch_with Betsy over the years; her mother was one of the finest people Ive ever known.(be out
39、 of touch with; lose touch with)The boy went through the forest by himself and soon lost_touch_with us.Your friend and you might be_out_of_touch_with each other for a year or more because things get so hurried nowadays.名师指津keep/be in touch with和be out of touch with表状态，可与时间段连用；而get in touch with和lose
40、 touch with表示动作，不能与时间段连用。2(be) up to做，忙于，从事；多达，达到(数量/规格)；胜任；直到为止；取决于，由决定；是的责任辨析法理清 辨清楚写出下列句中up to的含义It is up to the manager to make the final decision. 由决定Up to 100,000 people are still without jobs. 达到，多达John was fired because he was not up to his work. 胜任The children are very quiet.I wonder what t
41、hey are up to. 从事，忙于She continued to care for her father up to the time of his recovery. 直到为止理明白up的相关用法归纳up to now直到现在(在句子中作状语，后一般接现在完成时)It is up to you. 随你的便。/由你决定。It is up to sb.to do sth. 该由某人做某事。3as well as也，又；和一样好(1)A as well as B作主语时，谓语动词的单复数随A的人称和数的变化而变化。(2)as well as可以用来连接两个相同的成分，强调的重点在前面，不在
42、后面。放在句首时，后面的动词多用v.ing形式。(3)may/might as well最好；还是为好；不妨as well 也，还演绎法练通单句语法填空/句型转换The girl, as well as her brothers, wants (want) to go to beach on Sunday.As well as eating (eat) five course meals, they drank seven bottles of wine.The weather was so bad that we might as well stay (stay) at home.The d
43、river can drive not only cars but also buses.The driver can drive buses_as_well_as_cars.4It isadj.that从句It_is_clear_that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.很显然，我们将会看到网上购物的巨大增长。(1)在“it is adj. that .”句型中，it替代后面that引导的主语从句作形式主语。可用于该句型的形容词有：clear, obvious, true, possible, nec
44、essary, natural, important等。(2)常见的it作形式主语替代后面从句的句型有：It is名词(a pity, a shame, ones duty, no wonder .)that从句It is过去分词(said, reported, known, believed, announced, suggested, required .)that从句It不及物动词(happen, occur, appear, seem .)that从句针对训练完成句子Its_clear/obvious_that he was suffering great pain when he t
45、alked.显然，他说话的时候正遭受着巨大的痛苦。It_is_important_that_you_(should)_hand in your article before the deadline.在截止日期之前交上你的文章是很重要的。It_is_known_to_all_that running is good for our health.众所周知，跑步有益于我们的健康。5as if引导表语从句.the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as_if you are in a real situatio
46、n.计算机通过声音和图像模拟现实，以使人感到仿佛置身于一个真实的空间。用法规则(1)as if相当于as though，意为“仿佛；好像；似乎”，常用在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词的后面引导表语从句。它还可以引导方式状语从句。(2)as if/though从句中的省略：如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词。(3)若as if/though引导的从句表示实现的可能性很小或与事实相反，则用虚拟语气：与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could/mightdo”；与现在事实相反，从句谓语
47、动词用过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。注意事项as if/though引导的从句如果实现的可能性较大，则用陈述语气。针对训练完成句子She is looking at me as_if_she_knew_me,_but we have never seen each other before.她看着我好像她认识我似的，但之前我们从来没见过彼此。He opened his mouth as if to_say_something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。This is the first time that he has come to Hong Kong, but he tal
48、ks about it as_if_he_had_been_here_before.这是他第一次来香港，但是他谈论起香港来就好像以前来过这儿一样。一、在考题集训中查验单元语基(一)高考中的语法填空 1(2020江苏高考)The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, allowing for a new generation of virtual (virtually) reality.2(2019北京高考)When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important proce
49、ss that helps to regulate the global (globe) climate.3(2019天津3月高考)Only seeing the world through a single perspective leads to missed learning, missed friendships, and missed growth (grow)! 4(2019天津高考)However, technology is also the application of scientific (science) knowledge to solve a problem, to
50、uching lives in countless ways.5(2018全国卷)It shows us the development of our school, which is I think the_attraction (attract) to us.(二)高考中的阅读理解熟词生义(2020浙江高考)Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a
51、 study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. 表明词类活用(2018全国卷)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, DC. v.观看(三)高考中的完形填空1(2019全国卷)The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual
52、 places by many cultures. This _52_ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.AviewBqualityCreason Dpurpose解析：选A当在几公里的空间里，登山者经历五种生态系统时，这种观点(山被认为是灵魂之地)在乞力马扎罗山体现得尤其明显。view“观点”；quality“质量”；reason“原因”；purpose“目的”。2(2018天津高考)From t
53、he experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can _33_ the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and encouraged them.Asurprise BserveCinterest Daffect解析：选D根据语境可知，教练的态度会影响(affect)团队的成员。surprise“使吃惊”；serve“服务，提供，端上”；interest“使感兴趣”。(四)高考中的写作1(2020浙江高考写作)M
54、y_heart_leaped_with_joy_as_I_knew_we_were_likely_to_be_saved. (likely)当我知道我们有可能得救时，我的心欢快地跳了起来。2(2018全国卷书面表达)It_is_up_to_you_to_decide_which_gift_is_suitable.In_my_opinion,_youd_better_bring_some_little_gifts,_such_as_a_special_food_or_drink_from_your_country. (up to)带什么礼物由你决定。在我个人看来，你最好带一些小礼物，例如你家乡的
55、特产。3(2017全国卷书面表达)It_is_necessary_that_you_have_a_good_knowledge_of_Chinese_culture. (It isadj.that .)了解中国文化对你来说是必要的。二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇atmospheregravity technological digital attack swiftly evident convenience advancedinsert influence proposal appealing breakthrough significance accessible explorationint
56、roduction automatically engineer database download access calculateconnect have access to have a negative effect with the popularity of surf the Internet distract ones attention 练中巩固.单句语法填空1The legal aid system should be accessible (access) to more people.2I have long been interested in space explor
57、ation (explore)and I believe I could learn a lot from the astronaut about it.3As we all know, the steam engine was the greatest technological (technology) advance of the 19th century.4They plan to focus on learning advanced (advance) technology from developed countries, and build up the food supply.
58、5Private cars have become a popular means of transport，bringing great convenience (convenient) to our life.6My computer has a program which can correct my spellings automatically (automatic).完成句子1The number of the people, who_have_access_to_their_own_cars,_has risen sharply in the past decade.在过去的十年
59、里，拥有自己汽车的人数急剧上升。2Do you agree that the fastfood has_a_negative_effect_on your health?你同意快餐对你的健康有负面的影响吗？3With_the_popularity_of_the_Internet_and_computers,_the ecommerce developed rapidly in the world.随着互联网和计算机的普及，电子商务在全球迅速发展。4More and more old people are learning how to surf_the_Internet.越来越多的老年人在学习怎样使用互联网。