1、Attributive clauses定语从句 复习Part 关系代词和关系副词关系代词用法关系代词 指代在从句中的作用thatwhichwhowhom whose人物 主宾/表 物 主宾/表 人 主宾/表 人 宾 人物 定 关系副词的用法关系副词 指代在从句中的作用whenwherewhy时间时间状语地点地点状语原因原因状语Practice1.The man _is talking to me is a friend of my fathers.2.The school _is famous here has a long history.3.I live in the house _win
2、dows face south.4.He is such a person_we like very much.that/whothat/whichwhoseas5.I will never forget the day _we were in the country.6.This is the park _you took photos last Sunday.7.That was the reason_he looked old.when/on whichwhere/in whichwhy/for whichPart通常只能使用that或which的场合1.All _ we have to
3、 do is to practice every day.Conclusion：2.The first lesson _ I learned will never be forgottenConclusion：that先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等，宜用that.that先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，宜用that.只用that 的场合3.I have read all the books _ you gave me.Conclusion：that先行词被the only,the ve
4、ry,the same,the last,just,all,any,every,few,little,no,some 等修饰时，宜用that.4.They talked of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.Conclusion：先行词既有人又有物时，宜用that.that5.Who is the boy _ was here just now?Which is the bike _you lost?Conclusion：当主语是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句须用that，以免与先行词重复。thatthat
5、6.My computer is no longer the machine_it was.Conclusion：先行词在主句中作表语时，关系代词在从句中作表语时，宜用thatthat 1.This is the house in_ Ji Xiaolan used to live.Conclusion：which介词提到关系代词前时，宜用which。如 for which,on which,in which,of which 等。2.The experiment is very important,_ indeed it is.Conclusion：引导非限制性定语从句时，宜用which。wh
6、ich只用which的场合Part限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.The man who greeted me is my teacher.()2.John,who greeted me,is my teacher.()Restrictive Attributive ClauseNon-restrictive Attributive Clause向我打招呼的那个人是我的老师。约翰是我的老师。他向我打过招呼。指出下面两个句子哪个是限制性定语从句哪个是非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号“，”与主句隔开 用逗号“，”与主句隔开 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如
7、删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句译法上译成先行词的定语：“的”通常译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上1.作宾语时可省略1.不可省略2.可用that 2.不用that 3.可用who代替whom 3.不可用who 代替whom 1.引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。That Peter will marry Alice,which has not been announced yet,h
8、as spread around.皮特要娶爱丽丝这件事，还没宣布，却已穿得沸沸扬扬。句中的which指代“皮特要娶爱丽丝”这件事。2.除which 外，还可用when,where,who,whom等关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。After graduation,I decided to stay in Chongqing,where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during the World War II,wh
9、en Jews were badly treated in Germany.3.在of which/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。1.I am doing different types of exercises,all of which are quite helpful to my health.2.Many people,some of whomare not overweight,are going on diets.3.There are 54 students in my class,three of whom come from the US.4.一、非限制性定
10、语从句通常不能用that引导。1.I like the book,which was bought yesterday.我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。2.I like the book which/that was bought yesterday.我喜欢昨天买的那本书。5.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导要用for which代替why。1.I had told them the reason,for which I didnt attend the meeting.我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。2.I had told them the reason why I didntatt
11、end the meeting.我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限制性定语从句“the reason why.”是常见搭配。)介词+关系词的定义当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前He is the person _ you spoke tothat/who/whom He is the person_ you spoke.whomThis is the house _ I lived 4y agoinThis is the house_ I lived 4y agothat/which which介词+关系词的功能一、“介词+关系代词”结构用在介词后的
12、关系代词只有whom,which和whose 三个，不能用that.二、介词后面的关系词不能省略。三、先行词时物时，介词后用关系词which，先行词是人时，介词后用关系词whom.四、表所属关系时用of which/whomThe boy _ parents are both doctors won the first place in the exam.whoseThe boy the parents of whom are both doctors won the first place in the exam.=of whom the parents关系副词when,where,why
13、和介词+which之间的关系关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which。1.I wont forget the date on which I was born.2.This is the room in which I lived.3.I dont know the reason for which he havent come today.4.Tom still remembers the days in whichthey lived in Tia
14、njin.5.Hangzhou is the place to which I went last year.6.I remember the day on which my father died.I was only ten years old at that time.=when=where=why=when=where=when介词+关系词中介词的选择根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。根据从句中谓语动词或形容词搭配的需要来确定介词。根据句意的需要来确定介词。介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含
15、义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.TipsThe money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone.He will never forget the day _ which he failed in the exam.This is the mountain village _ which I stayed last year.Ill never forget the farm _which I worked together with you.一、根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词with the money 用钱onwithinonon the
16、day 在那天in the mountain village在山村on the farm在农场He is really the person _ whom we have a lot to learn.The girl _ whom you are talking is working.The West Lake,_ which Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.The man _I shook hands just now is my daughters English teacher.二、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定learn from
17、 sb.向某人学习talk to/with sb.与某人交谈be famous for 因为而闻名shake hands with sb.与某人握手fromto/withforwithAir,_which man cant live,is really important.三、根据句意来确定The pen _ which he is writing now was bought yesterday.This is my pair of glasses,_ which I cannot see clearly.He is the girl _ you went to concert last n
18、ight.withoutwithwithoutwith一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom之 前，也可放在动词后。固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:look for/after/forward to、care for、take care of、hear of/about/from,等.This is the right place Im looking for.The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.介词+关系词中介词的位置This is the teacher whose daughter is
19、a famous doctor.=This is the teacher the daughter of whom is a famous doctor.1.名词+介词+关系代词 We have three foreign teachers,two of whom are from Canada.2.数词+介词+关系代词(含基数词.序数词.分数和百分数）3.代词+介词+关系代词（代词有all、both、none、either、either、some、any等）The old woman has two sons,both of whom are teachers.I have many fri
20、ends,some of whom are from China.4.形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan Island.5.介词+关系代词+名词 He spent four years in college,during which time he studied medicine.Part as与which 引导定语从句的区别as和which的区别 as和which都可以代指前面的先行词或整个句子，在从句中作主语，或用作及物动词的宾语，如，He married her，whi
21、chas was natural I was very useful to him，which/as he realized as和which一般不能互换：1 as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首、句末，也可以插入主句中，而which指前面提到的事实或情况，一般放在主句之后，如：As our teacher points out，that book is of benefit to everyone Heat is a form of energy，as is known to all of us This machine，as might be expected，has stopped o
22、perating 2as含有正如、按照、正像之意，as一般用在肯定句中，而which则可以用于含否定意义的句子中，如：He failed in the exam again，as was expected He failed in the exam again，which was unexpected 3下列固定结构，一般不能用which，如：as has been said before 如前所述 as often happens 正像经常发生的那样 as is well known=as is known to all 众所周知 as we have expected正如我们预料的那样 a
23、s has been mentioned above正如上面提到的 as we can see 正如大家看到的那样as引导的限制性定语从句 1.as 常用于the same.as,such.as,as.as和so.as 结构中。如：1）I have never seen such a lazy man as you(are).2）Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.3)Take as many as you want.4)Here is so big a stone as no man can lift
24、.the same.后既可以用that 也可以用 as 来引导定语从句，that“同一的”即指同一事物；而as“相似”即指同类事物。如：1)This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.(This sentence means:This pen is mine.I lost it yesterday.)2)This is the same(kind of)pen as I lost yesterday.(This sentence means:This pen is very much like mine that I lost yesterday.In
25、 fact,it isnt mine.)2.the same.that与the same.as的区别3.Such as 与suchthat的区别suchas引导限制性定语从句，suchthat引导结果状语从句。He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.Part 其他注意点填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained thesentence to us was not difficult to understand.2.The w
26、ay _he explained to us was quite simple.that/which/不填that/in which/不填1：the way用做先行词当 the way 在从句中作状语，意为方式方法的时候，引导定语从句的关系词可以有三种形式，that/in which/省略。注意：the way 在从句中作为主语、宾语、表语时关系代词用that/which,作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。1.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2.The country is in the situation where a war will
27、break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。2.先行词是抽象的地点，用关系副词where引导。如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,condition,case,society,position等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。3.“one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句一般被看成修饰复数名词，因此该从句的谓语用复数形式；在“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句常看成修饰单数名词，从句谓语用单数形式。This is on
28、e of the best novels that have appeared this year.He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.Part 综合考查wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.wherethat综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3.-Where did you last see Mr.Smith?-It was in the hotel_ I lived.A.
29、that B.whichC.where D.when 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1.We all have heard the news_ our team won.2.We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.thatthat/which综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.（05 江苏）A.which;where B.at which;whichC.at which;where D.which;in which that/which