1、UNIT5WORKINGTHELAND(主题语境:人与社会历史、社会与文化)核心考点课堂突破1.devotevt.把献(给);把专用于;专心于教材原句Indeed,his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he has devoted his life.(P50)确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。语境巧练单句语法填空(1)But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when
2、 you devote some of your time and energy something much larger than yourself.(2)He could only devote two hours a day to (work) on the project.(3)The World Health Organization (devote) to improving peoples health.(4) (devote) to his career,he has no time to spend with his children.考点必记(1)devote.to.把奉
3、献给devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于;献身于;专心于(2)devoted adj.忠诚的;深爱的a devoted father一位慈爱的父亲a devoted friend一位忠诚的朋友be devoted to=devote oneself to致力于;献身于;专心于(3)devotion n.关爱;奉献;专心2.shortagen.不足;缺少;短缺教材原句However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a ser
4、ious shortage of food to eat.(P50) 然而,最让他担心的是,农民经常歉收,有时甚至严重缺乏食物。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)(2019浙江卷)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water (short).小话题写作(2)许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。Many companies are suffering from skilled staff.(3)这个月我恐怕手头有点紧。Im afraid Im a little this mo
5、nth.句式升级(4)The wounded are suffering because they are short of doctors and nurses.The wounded are suffering because of doctors and nurses.考点必记(1)energy shortage 能量不足,能源短缺labor shortage 劳力短缺oil shortage 石油不足housing shortage 房荒,住房不足water shortage 水量不足food shortage食物缺乏material shortage 材料缺乏fuel shortag
6、e 燃料不足a shortage of缺乏(2)short adj.短缺的;缺少的be short of缺少be short of money/funds/cash缺少经费in short supply供应短缺3.convincevt.使相信;使确信;说服教材原句Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.(P50)袁隆平坚信,可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。语境巧练单句语法填空(1) (convince) that he had done nothing wrong,he r
7、efused to apologize.(2)Well not give up until we find (convince) evidence.(3)Scientists are convinced the positive effect of laughter physical and mental health.小情境写作(4)他说服警察局允许他在当地两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。He the police department him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.考点必记(1)co
8、nvince sb that/of使某人相信convince sb to do sth劝服某人做某事(2)convinced adj.确信的;信服的be convinced of/that确信,相信(3)convincing adj.令人信服的,有说服力的名师点津convince的近义词是persuade。4.attainvt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到教材原句One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.(P50)杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通
9、常比常规作物高。语境巧练小话题写作(1)尽管审问了犯罪嫌疑人两天,警官还是没有得到有价值的信息。Although having questioned the suspect for two days,the officer didnt .(2)不管别人说什么,只要不放弃你一定能实现你的目标。No matter what anyone says,you can if you never give up.(3)在几十年的斗争之后,印度于1947年获得了独立。India in 1947,after decades of struggle.考点必记(1)attain ones goal/purpose
10、达到某人的目标/目的attain the age of达到的年龄attain ones ambition实现某人的理想attain independence获得独立(2)attainable adj.可以达到的,可以获得的unattainable adj.难以实现的attainment n.获得,达到;实现;成就;造诣5.assumptionn.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得教材原句The common assumption then was that it could not be done.(P50)当时人们普遍认为这是不可能做到的。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)(201
11、8江苏卷)Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the (assume) youve made.(2)It is generally (assume) that stress is caused by too much work.(3)It is reasonable (assume) that the economy will continue to improve.(4) (assume) that you get a place at university,how are you going to
12、finance your studies?考点必记(1)make an assumption做出假设a false/wrong/mistaken assumption错误的假设be based on an assumption以假设为基础(2)assume vt.假设;假定assume.to be认为是assume that.假定,认为It is assumed that.人们认为assuming that假定(引导条件状语从句,与if同义)assume the worst做最坏的打算6.estimatevt.估计;估价;估算n.估计;估算教材原句Today,it is estimated t
13、hat about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.(P50) 据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。语境巧练用所给词的适当
14、形式填空(1)The cost to repair my car (estimate) at $800.(2)Without specific information,its hard (estimate) the costs and benefits of making different choices.小话题写作(3)据估计,在100年后,多达2 000种哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物将灭绝。as many as 2,000 species of mammals,birds and reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years.考点必记(1)It
15、 is estimated that.据估计be estimated to do.估计overestimate vt.对估计过高underestimate vt.低估;看轻(2)a conservative estimate保守估计at a rough estimate粗略估计an accurate estimate准确的估计a reliable estimate可靠的估计an official estimate官方估计7.consumptionn.消耗;消耗量;消费教材原句Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice
16、 consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.(P50)据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)(2020全国卷)Lighting accounts for
17、about 7% of the total electricity (consume) in the US.(2)According to a recent study in the JournalofConsumerResearch,both the size and (consume) habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.(3)Health-conscious (consume) want more information about the food they buy.小话题写作(4)一些能效最高的冰
18、箱比传统型号耗电少。Some of the most efficient refrigerators than traditional models.考点必记(1)energy/fuel consumption能源消耗popular consumption 大众消费(2)consume vt.消费consumer n.消费者time-consuming adj.耗时的consumer society消费社会prisevt.包括;包含;由组成教材原句Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption i
19、n China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.(P50)据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。语境巧练句式升级The house comprises two bedrooms,a kitchen,and a living
20、 room.(1)The house two bedrooms,a kitchen,and a living room.(2)The house two bedrooms,a kitchen,and a living room.(3)The house two bedrooms,a kitchen,and a living room.考点必记表示“由组成”的词组有:consist ofbe comprised ofbe made up of9.inturn相应地;转而;依次;轮流教材原句This affects the crops grown on the land and,inturn,th
21、e animals and humans who digest them.(P55)这会影响生长在土地上的农作物,相应地影响到消化它们的动物和人类。语境巧练写出下列句子中inturn的含义(1)Interest rates were cut and inturn share (股票) prices rose.(2)Later,she asked us to go to the blackboard and say something about ourselves in English inturn.选短语填空inturn;inreturn(3)We offer an excellent ed
22、ucation to our students.,we expect students to work hard.(4)Sitting for long increases the risk of high blood pressure and fatness which could damage the heart.考点必记(1)in turn是一个多义词组,主要考查词义;经常和in return进行辨析。(2)in return作为回报(3)it is ones turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事take turns to do sth 轮流做某事take a turn for
23、the worse/better出现不好/好的变化佳句背诵While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything inreturn.在村子里,詹姆斯无私地与村民分享他所拥有的一切,而不要求任何回报。10.alternativen.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的教材原句As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming,and man
24、y customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.(P55)作为另一种选择,一些农民已经转向有机耕作,并且许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时已经转向有机食品。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)I had no alternative but (accept) the offer.小话题写作(2)恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体事件,但也难以找到别的解释。The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical inci
25、dents.But are hard to find.翻译句子(3)There are several alternatives to your plan.考点必记(1)have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择,只好(2)an alternative method of doing sth 做某事的其他方法an alternative solution别的解决办法alternative energy替代能源alternative comedy/lifestyles/values非传统喜剧/生活方式/价值观名师点津alternative用作名词时与choice
26、意义相近。11.depthn.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)教材原句Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.(P56)有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物,这些农作物利用不同层次的土壤来帮助保持肥沃。语境巧练单句语法填空(1)Water was found a depth of 30 metres.(2)If you come to visit China,you will experience a culture of amazing (deep)
27、 and variety.(3)To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.(4)The reunion dinner helps (deep) family ties while the exchange of gifts and greetings enhances relations between friends.考点必记(1)at a depth of在的深处
28、(2)deep into the night直到深夜be deep in thought陷入深思(3)deeply adv.很;非常deepen vi.&vt.加深12.同位语从句教材原句What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.(P56) 阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。语境巧练单句语法填空(1)(2019全国卷)While they are rare north of 88,th
29、ere is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2)(2019江苏卷)Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body.(3)The opinion learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the year
30、s.考点必记(1)同位语从句所解释说明的名词通常都具有抽象含义,如:idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,problem,suggestion等。(2)除that外,连接副词why,when,where,how与连词whether也可引导同位语从句。随堂巩固迁移运用.单句语法填空1.The teachers selfless (devote) to the cause of education is well known,and all her students respect and love her.2.He was concerned abou
31、t the energy (short) and drought in the village.3.He was (convince) that I was part of the problem.4.With the (expand) of cities,many people sell off their old houses in the countryside and move into new flats in cities.5.Worse,nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world (estim
32、ate) to be overweight.6.(2018全国卷)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer (consume).7.Do something for fun.It helps you get relaxed,which turn can help you study better.8.You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly;those are the (alternative)
33、.9.The committee (comprise) of representatives from both the public and local private businesses.10.Ranging from 84 cm to more than 150 cm in (long),longboards look like other skateboards.选词填空tackle,devote,attain,expand,convince,celebrity,conventional,characteristic1.In 1944,at the age of 30,Hersey
34、suddenly became a .2.I have personally been to this cause for my years.3.The first reason these problems is to save childrens lives.4.Thomas,she sensed,could anyone of anything.5.The need to communicate is a key of human society.6.Still greater efforts are needed before we can our goal.7.Organically
35、 grown produce does not differ greatly in appearance from grown crops.8.Looking forward,we hope our operations in several of our overseas branches.微语境写作请根据下面提示,写一篇介绍著名科学家袁隆平的短文。词数80左右。1.我们都知道,袁隆平是中国最有名的科学家之一,但是,他认为自己是一个农民,而不是名人。(one of,celebrity)2.他致力于解决中国还有世界食物短缺的危机。(devote,shortage)3.他确信增加产量的最好办法在
36、于杂交水稻的产生。(convince,boost yields)4.杂交作物的一个特点是它们常常比传统作物获得更高的产量。(characteristic,attain)5.这种杂交水稻使得农民们能很大地扩大生产量。(enable,expand)UNIT5WORKINGTHELAND核心考点课堂突破1.(1)to(2)working(3)is devoted(4)Devoted2.(1)shortage(2)a shortage of(3)short of money/funds/cash(4)a shortage of3.(1)Convinced(2)convincing(3)of;on(4)
37、convinced;to allow4.(1)attain valuable information(2)attain your goals(3)attained independence5.(1)assumption(2)assumed(3)to assume(4)Assuming6.(1)is estimated(2)to estimate(3)It is estimated that7.(1)consumed/consumption(2)consumption(3)consumers(4)consume less electricity8.(1)consists of(2)is comp
38、rised of(3)is made up of9.(1)相应地;转而(2)依次;轮流(3)In return(4)in turn10.(1)to accept(2)alternative explanations(3)除了你的计划外,还有另外几种供选择的方案。11.(1)at(2)depth(3)strengthen(4)deepen12.(1)that(2)that(3)that随堂巩固迁移运用.1.devotion2.shortage3.convinced4.expansion5.are estimated6.consumption7.in8.alternatives9.is compr
39、ised10.length.1.celebrity2.devoted3.to tackle4.convince5.characteristic6.attain7.conventionally8.to expand.As we all know,Yuan Longping is one of Chinas most famous scientists.Yet,he considers himself a farmer rather than a celebrity.He is devoted to tackling the crisis of food shortage in China as well as the world.He was convinced that the best way to boost yields lies in the creation of hybrid rice.One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.