1、南京市2015高考英语阅读理解一轮训练（2）及答案【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state：Without it，it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us；nor the workers in government offices who look after our health，our food，our water，and all the other things th
2、at we cannot do for ourselves；nor the ministers and members of parliament(国会) who govern the country for us.By means of taxation，we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat.But everyone knows that taxation is necessary，different people have different
3、 ideas about how taxation should be arranged.Should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year？Or should there be tax on things that people buy and sell？If the first kind of taxation is used，should everyone pay the same tax，whether he is rich or poor？If the second
4、kind of tax is preferred，should everything be taxed equally?In most countries，a direct tax on persons，which is called income tax，exists.It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay nothing，and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayers income grows.In England，for example，the ta
5、x on the richest people goes up as high as ninetyfive percent!But countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too.Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties”Of course，it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops who really have to
6、 pay the duties，in the form of higher prices.In some countries，too，there is a tax on things sold in the shops.If the most necessary things are taxed，a lot of money is collected，but the poor people suffer most.If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed，less money is got but the tax is
7、fairer，as the rich pay it.Probably this last kind of indirect tax，together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich，is the best arrangement.36The first paragraph tells us about the_.Atax policiesBtaxable itemsCarrangement of taxationDimportance of taxation37Which
8、of the following statements about income tax is NOT true in most countries?AThe poorest pay no tax.BThe poor pay the same taxes as the rich.CThe rich pay more taxes than the poor.DThe rich pay a very high percentage of tax.38People who buy imported items in the shops have to pay duties_.Ato the gove
9、rnment officeBat a lower priceCas an income taxDin the form of higher prices39According to the writer，if valuable things are taxed，_.Amuch money is collectedBthe poor suffer a lotCthe rich will be happyDthe tax is more reasonable40In the passage，the writer suggests_.Atwo kinds of income taxesBthe im
10、portance of indirect taxesCthe fairer income taxesDmore than one kind of indirect taxes36D第一段第一句就是主题句。37B从第三段可以作出判断。38D第四段第三句已经点明了此题答案。39D从第四段最后一句可知答案。40D从文章最后两段内容可以看出最佳选项。阅读理解 (2011重庆卷，E)Skeptics are a strange lot.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment
11、, and they are tired of people who disagree with them.Those people，say skeptics，spread nothing but bad news about the environment.The “ecoguilt”brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that e
12、xplains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity.That book ，The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world”as fine. Of course ，another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborgs views a
13、re similar to those of some industryfunded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborgs book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions.
14、 One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”Such onesided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature
15、, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborgs “preference for unexamined materials is incredible(不可信的)”A critical (批判的)eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortun
16、ately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become halfblind before a world partially exhibited by the media. Thats a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly
17、.本文讲述了怀疑论者不承认人类活动对环境造成的危胁，认为地球状况是良好的，这迎合了一些追求利益的商业公司。但是关系地球健康的问题是相当重要的，人们一定要严肃对待。13. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”？A. People who agree on the popularity of “ecoguilt”B. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.C. People who dislike th
18、e harmful effect of human activities.D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.答案：B。细节理解题。根据短文第一段可知，怀疑论者不承认人类活动对环境的影响。短文第二段第二句话中提到，他们认为世界的真正状态是好的，由此可知B项正确。14. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborgs book?ASome big businesses intend to protect their
19、 own interests. BThe book challenges views about the fine state of the world.CThe author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.DIndustryfunded media present confusing information.答案：A。细节理解题。根据短文第二段最后一句话可知Lomborg的观点与一些由工业资助的组织的观点是相似的。因此可知这些大的组织为了自己的利益也不会注重环保。15. The author mentioned the revi
20、ew in Nature in order to _.A. voice a different opinionB. find fault with Lomborgs book C. challenge the authority of the mediaD. point out the value of scientific views答案：A。推理判断题。第三段提到加拿大的一家报纸对Lomborg的书大加赞扬，第四段又提到这片面的观点应当受到挑战，然后说“Nature”杂志上就有不同的评论。由此可知A项正确。16. What is the authors main purpose in wr
21、iting the passage?A. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.B. To warn the public of the danger of halfblindness with reviews.C. To blame the medias lack of responsibility in presenting information.D. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.答案：D。作者意图题。由短文最后一段第
22、二句话可知，媒体应当提供全方位的信息，让人们在了解情况的前提下做出决定。由此可知D项正确。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】DThe quality of drinking water in Shanghai will meet European Union standard by 2015 and，a decade later，citizens in Shanghai will drink the best water in the world.These were the goals set by the Shanghai Water Authority.With the citys
23、 population expected to increase only slightly and the economy to boom by 2020，Chen Yin，an official with the water authority，said Shanghais water consumption will not increase from its present amount.Zhang Yue，director of the Urban Construction Division under the Ministry of Construction，said，“Shang
24、hai is the first city in the country to publicize these ambitions.They will not be easy to achieve.”He said water saving will help keep the sustainable development of Chinas economy.Saving one cubic meter of water means saving the citys infrastructure(基础设施) costs by 10,000 yuan.Last year，Shanghai sa
25、ved 300 million cubic meters of water either from readjustment of industrial structure or the employment of new technology.“The_aim is to arouse public awareness of the seriousness of water shortage，” Chen said，“The abundant surface water and amount of rain of the city are so misleading that they re
26、sult in improper use of water.”Shanghai lacks drinkable water.The Huangpu River，which supplies 80 percent of the citys drinkable water，is nearing exhaustion.The city，therefore，has been exploring new sources from the Yangtze River and growing forests along it to conserve quality water.Besides penning
27、 regulations，the authority is popularizing technology among the public to efficiently cut the amount of water used.At present，the city has 600,000 family toilets，each using 13 liters of water per flush.These are to be renovated(整修) to use only 9 liters of water per flush.The authority is renovating
28、the first 200 toilets for householdsat a cost of 40 yuan each.In three years，all the toilets will be renovated，which saves the city nearly 15 million yuan every year in water conservation.Another task the city is engaged in is the treatment of sewage(污水) to improve the water environment.At present t
29、he city can only treat 44 percent of its daily 5.04 million tons of waste water.To meet the total demand,27 more sewagetreatment factories are to be established with an estimated investment of 18 billion yuan.41The people in Shanghai get their daily water mainly from _ now.AundergroundBthe Yellow Ri
30、verCthe Yangtze RiverDthe Huangpu River42The underlined words “the aim” here refer to _.Athe quality of drinking water in Shanghai will meet European Union standard by 2015Bcitizens in Shanghai will drink the best water in the world by 2025Cwater saving will help keep the sustainable development of
31、Chinas economyDsaving one cubic meter of water means saving the citys infrastructure costs by 10,000 yuan43The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households to _.Amake peoples living more convenientBsave drinkable fresh waterCease employment pressureDmeet the total demand of water44Th
32、e writer wrote the passage to _.Acall on residents to save water in their daily lifeBseek ways to solve water shortage existing in ShanghaiCintroduce Shanghais advanced experience in improving the water environmentDshow that citizens in Shanghai will have the best drinking water in the world45In the
33、 opinion of Zhang Yue，the real meaning of the action to publicize these ambitions is to make people know _.Ait is not easy to achieveBwater shortage is very serious in ChinaCthe importance of improving infrastructureDeconomic development cant be separated with water supply41D文章第七段告诉我们：上海80%的城市饮用水来自黄
34、浦江。42Daim此处指“目标”，即上文提到的每节约一立方水相当于节约城市基础设施费用1万元。43B厕所改造也是为了节约饮用水。44D作者在文章第一段首先点明了主题，即上海人将在2015年饮用上最干净的水。45B从文中第三段可知。阅读理解Columbus College , 241 Queen Elizabeth Drive ,Kowloon CityMemoTo: All Staff From: Jackie Mock, Secretary; Sports Development CommitteeDate: May 20, 2010A week ago, “Sports for Life”
35、 programmer was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play. Since then, our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it . Here is a memo (备忘录) for your reference when you answer the phones.Sports 1: Basketball.We expe
36、ct that this will be the most popular of the four sports. Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible. Students will take a private bus to and from Kwan Tong Sports Park .To cover the cost of hiring a bus , each student will have to pay 10 each time. There will be four baske
37、tball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each game. KS*5U.C#O%Sports 2: GymWe will be using St. Peters Memorial Park. There are two reasons for choosing this park. First, it is not very busy and crowded before 6:00 pm. Second, it has lot of trees with plenty of shade. Studen
38、ts must bring along two bottles of water to prevent thirst. Three activities, skipping , jogging , outdoor aerobics (有氧运动),all of which are free of charge, will be arranged. And there will be a teacher on duty for each of the activities.Sports 3: Hiking Hiking(远足)will take place at Kowloon Peak. The
39、 activity will start at 2:30 pm and finish 90 minutes later. Three teachers will accompany the students, and a hiking instructor will accompany each group of 15 hikers. Each instructor will cost 75/hr. Students are advised to bring plenty of water and sunscreen.Sports 4: Swimming The Kowloon City Aq
40、uatic Centre is a 10-minute walk from our school. Four teachers will go to the pool and conduct the goings-on from the poolside. We will only be able to reserve the pool for one hour (i.e. 2:45pm to 3:45pm).Only students skilful at swimming can take up this activity. The pool will have two lifeguard
41、s present. Girls must wear a swimming suit. The cost is 10 per visit.( ) 1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Students selecting basketball had better register early. B. Students participating in gym should arrive at 6:00 pm.C. Hiking usually begins at 2:30 pm and lasts 2 ho
42、urs.D. Students having swimming suits can take up swimming.( ) 2. It can be inferred from the passage that A. students taking part in basket ball will walk to the courts.B. every student can gain admission to one of the four sports C. hiking students can have a regular rest in the shade of treesD. s
43、tudents taking up the four sports should bring bottles of water( ) 3. It can be concluded that A. each sport will take only on hour sportsB. students will be charged for the four sports C. all the sports will take place at Kowloon PeakD. teachers will accompany students on each sport( ) 4. The purpo
44、se of the memo is to A. attract students interest in the programmeB. require the parents to select a sport for their childC. help the staff explain the programme to the parentsD. remind teachers and lifeguards to be present on time【语篇解读】本篇文章为说明文。文章主要讲述了公司为让员工更好地给家长解释“Sports for Life”这个体育运动项目而编辑的备忘录1
45、.答案A。【解析】细节理解题。根据Sports 1中第二句话“Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible”可知，选择篮球的学生最好早报名。因此可知A项符合文章。2.答案 B。【解析】推理判断题。由文中“requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play”可以推断出“每一个学生可以参加这四个运动中的任何一项。故选B。KS*5U.C3.答案D。【解析】推理判断题。由Sports 1中第二句话“There will be four
46、 basketball with one teacher watching over each game”， Sports 2中“And there will be a teacher on duty for each of the activities”，Sports 3中“Three teachers will accompany the students”及Sports 4中“Four teachers will go to the pool and conduct the going-on from the poolside”可以推断出：每项运动，都有教师陪同。故选D项4.答案C。【解析】推理判断题。根据文章中“Here is a memo（备忘录）for your reference when you answer the phones”可以推断出：这个备忘录的目的是帮助员工将这个活动项目解释给家长。因此选项C符合题意。