1、专项二 名词一、名词的格1s所有格的特殊表达形式(1)用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后。如：todays newspaper,five minutes walk(drive)，five poundsweight,ten dollars worth of apples。The village is far away from here indeed.Its _(四个小时的)walk.Part规律印证考 点 落 实，步 步 为“赢”边 做 边 悟 答案 a four hours s属格一般是用于有生命事物的名词，但有些用于表示时间、距离、价值和重量等无生命事物的名词，如a moments
2、thought,seven hours walk,sixdollars worth,two tons weight等。a four hours walk也可以用a fourhour walk。(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop，house等名词。如：the tailors 裁缝店，the barbers理发店，go to the doctors去诊所。The _(女孩的)shoes were covered with mud，so Iasked them to take them off before they got into _(汤姆的)car.答案 girls；To
3、ms 根据题干中第一个them可判断女孩应为复数girls,其所有格形式应为girls，Tom是单数，其所有格形式为Toms。2of所有格(1)基本形式：a friend of Toms；some/two students of mine(2)表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，of 所修饰的名词前通常有指示代词that/this/these/those,但不能用the。That invention of _(她的)belongs to the world.她的那项发明是属于全世界的。答案 hers二、名词的固定搭配高考考查名词构成的短语搭配主要有两类：“动词名词”和“介词名词”。keep a
4、balance保持平衡out of ones reach在某人够不到的地方make room for 为腾地方beyond recognition 无法辨认常见的名词固定搭配还有：have/gain access to 可以获得take.into account 考虑gain/have an advantage over 胜过，优于make fun of 取笑，嘲弄take advantage of 利用make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理play a part/role in 起作用catch sight of 发现，突然看见have a good reputation 有个
5、好的名声have an idea of 了解have a sense of 有意识have a feeling of 有感觉get relief 得到缓解(2013江西卷)无论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。Whenever I made mistakes,the teacher pointed them out with_(耐心)这一系统是专为学生能方便快捷地利用图书馆的数字资源而设计的。The system has been designed to give students quick and easy_(进入)to the digital resources of th
6、e library.你一直坐在我的帽子上，它现在严重走样了。You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of_(形状)健康问题与不良饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼有密切关系。Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habitsand a _(缺乏)of exercise.答案 patience access shape lack三、名词的修饰语和主谓一致只能修饰可数名词的限定词：如many,a good/great many,只能修饰不可数的限定词：如much,a gre
7、atamount of,和既可以修饰可数名词复数又可以修饰不可数名词如plenty of,a mass of,a large/great quantity of等进行归纳总结，以及它们修饰名词作主语时谓语的单复数形式需特别注意，如 many a 意为：许多，但是只能修饰可数名词单数，作主语时，谓语动词必须用第三人称单数形式。With more forests being destroyed,huge quantities of goodearth _(被冲走了)each year.答案 are being washed away1【误】There is fierce competition b
8、etween the three shoesshops in the street.【正】There is fierce competition between the three shoeshops in the street.解析 此处指商店的性质，用名词的单数形式作定语。考 点 警 示 2【误】He works in a child hospital.【正】He works in a childrens hospital解析 有些名词作定语表示名词的适用范围时，习惯上用名词复数的 s 所有格形式。如：a children s magazine(amagazine for children
9、)；mens clothes(clothes for men)。3【误】The manager has gota good business idea，so thecompany is doing well.【正】The manager has got a good business sense，so thecompany is doing well.解析 idea 指对某件具体事物的看法或想法，显然不符合语境。sense 意识，感。4【误】By all means,you must try every mean to help him.【正】By all means,you must try
10、 every means to help him.解析 means 是一个单复数同形的名词。换句话说，在表示“方式，方法”时，不存在 mean 这一形式(mean 主要用作动词，表示“意思是”；也可用作名词，表示“中间，中庸”)。means 用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。名词的转义(1)抽象转具体：pleasure,surprise,help,success,failure,danger,difficulty,wonder等意为“.的人/物”。如：Themeeting is a success.(2)抽象转具体：worry,honor,disaster,rain,snow,fog,w
11、ind,gas,fire,crop,coffee,tea,food等，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，有其单、复数形式。如：Therehave been strong winds over the last two months.易 错 防 范(3)抽象转具体：a need,a discovery,a love,a good time,acollection of,a knowledge of,a history of,a population of,anarea of,an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如：He has agood practical kno
12、wledge of computer science.(4)具体转抽象：school,college,hospital,court,prison,bed,table,church等，都是可数名词，可以有具体的意义，如a school,three schools。(5)具体转抽象：day,night,morning,noon,evening,night等用指天色时，表达抽象概念(注意其前不用冠词)。如：Daymay break now,for the birds are singing outside.名词的转义用法常和冠词用法结合起来考查，因此在这方面可以把冠词和名词联系起来掌握。Many p
13、eople have come to realize that they should go on_ balanced diet and make _ room in their dayfor exercise.答案 a；/go on a diet是固定搭配，room此处是不可数名词，前面一般不用冠词。Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr.Anderson,but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybodywas at _ church.答案 a；/Sunday是可数名词，一般情况下，表星期的名词前不加冠词。此题中被用做泛指，即表示“某个星期天”，前面可与不定冠词连用；was at church属于固定搭配的短语，表示“做礼拜”；church前不用冠词。