1、限制性定语从句语法精讲1要掌握好定语从句，必须搞清楚以下几个概念(1)修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。(2)被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词叫先行词。(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词关系代词：who，whom，whose，which，as，that关系副词：when，where，why(4)限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句意义就会含糊不清，不完整。限制性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。2关系词的具体用法(1)关系代词引导定语从句who 指人，在从句中作主语。This is the man who helped me.这就是那位帮助过我的人。Th
2、e man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.同我父亲握手的那个人是位警察。Those who wish to go to the museum must be at the gate by 7：50 am.想去博物馆的人必须于 7：50 在门口集合。whom 指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你正在寻找的那位医生在房间里。Mrs Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
3、你昨天遇见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。whose通常指人，也可指事物，在从句中作定语。Nobody wants a house whose roof has fallen in.没有人想要一个塌了屋顶的房子。Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？which指事物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。Guilin is a city which has a history of 2 000 years.桂林是一座具有2 000年历史的城市。The room in which there is a machine is
4、 a workshop.里面有一台机器的那个房间是工作室。that指事物，也可指人，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。The letter that I received was from my father.我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。注意：在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句：先行词是不定代词something,nothing,anything等。All that we have to do is to practice every day.我们必须要做的是每天练习。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。The first lesson that I le
5、arned will never be forgotten.我永远不会忘记我学过的第一节课。先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等修饰。I have read all the books that you gave me.我已经读了你给我的所有的书。先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last所修饰。He is the only person that I want to talk to.他是我唯一想跟他说话的人。先行词既有人又有物。They talked of things and persons that they re
6、membered in the school.他们谈论他们所记得的在学校时的事情和人们。(2)关系副词引导定语从句when表示时间，其先行词是表示时间的名词(如time,day,hour,year等)。He came to Hangzhou during the week when I was out.他在我出去的那周来杭州了。where表示地点，其先行词是表示地点的名词。The restaurant where we stayed when we were in Paris was almost destroyed in a fire.我们在巴黎住的那家饭店在一场大火中几乎全给毁了。why表
7、示原因，其先行词是表示原因的名词reason。Could you please give me a reason why you left us without a word?请给我解释一下你当时不辞而别的理由好吗？(3)介词关系代词which/whom的用法介词which/whom在定语从句中作地点状语，并表示存在关系，定语从句常用倒装语序。They arrived at a farm house in front of which sat a small boy.他们来到一处农舍，农舍前面坐着一个小男孩。I saw a man,on the head of whom stood a bir
8、d.介词which/whom在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语，这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。Could you tell me for whom youve bought this coat?你能告诉我这件外套是给谁买的吗？(作目的状语)The rat is digging a tunnel through which it can reach the field to get food.这只老鼠正在挖洞，通过这个洞它能到达田里找到吃的。(作方式状语)The man,from whom I learned the news,is an engineer.这个人是一位工程师，
9、我是从他那里得到这个消息的。(作地点状语)介词which/whom用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的发出者。The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.咬死羊的那只狼被打死了。The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那个人是一个好猎手。名师点睛(1)问：当先行词是way时，关系代词/副词怎样确定？答：当先行词way意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下面两种形式：The way(that/which)he explained to us was quit
10、e simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。(that和which是关系代词，在从句中作宾语，可省略)The way that/in which he explained the sentence to us was easy to understand.他解释那个句子所用的方法很容易理解。(that和in which是关系副词，在从句中作状语，不可省略)(2)问：当先行词是time时，关系代词/副词怎样确定？答：当先行词是time，且time表示“次数”时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time表示“一段时间”，应用关系副词when或介词at/duringwhich
11、引导。This is the second time(that)the president has visited the country.这是总统第二次访问这个国家。(time意为“次数”)I could hardly remember how many times(that)Ive failed.(time意为“次数”)我几乎记不清我已失败多少次了。This was at a time when/during which there were no radios or no TV sets.这是在没有收音机和电视机的一段时期。(time意为“时期”)(3)问：the same.as.与th
12、e same.that.有何区别？答：the same.as.与the same.that.都表示“同一个”，其中as和that都引导定语从句，但所表达的意思有差别。试比较：This is the same pen as I lost.(同样的，但不是同一个)这支钢笔跟我丢的那支一模一样。This is the same pen that I lost.(指同一个)这支钢笔就是我丢的那支。(4)问：定语从句的谓语动词的数怎样确定？答：若定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。I,who am your teacher,will try my best to
13、 help you.我作为你们的老师将尽全力帮助你们。To own a TV set,which we thought was impossible twenty years ago,now becomes true.拥有一台电视，在二十年前我们认为是不可能的，现在变成了现实。Have you heard of the person and things that are being talked about?你听说过正在讨论的那个人和那些事情吗？注意下面的结构：one of复数名词关系代词复数动词The movie is one of the most wonderful ones that
14、 have been produced in Hollywood.这部电影是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一。the only one of复数名词关系代词单数动词The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that can be seen from the moon.长城是地球上唯一能从月球上看到的建筑物。新思维随堂自测.用恰当的关系词填空1That tree _ leaves are red is beautiful.2I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.3We
15、re talking about the piano and the pianist _ were seen by the student last night.答案：whose答案：as答案：that4The girl _ is singing an English song in the next room is Toms sister.5He has lost the key to the room _ the papers are kept.6There was a time _ the boy often quarreled with his parents.7The reason
16、_ he couldnt attend the football match was that his left foot was hurt.答案：who/that答案：where答案：when答案：why.用定语从句完成句子1那就是你支持这个计划的原因吗？Is that the reason _?2将军参观了他过去战斗的村子。The general visited the village _.3他出生在第二次世界大战爆发的那一年。He was born in the year _.答案：why you are for the plan答案：where he used to fight答案：w
17、hen the Second World War broke out4我弟弟买的那本杂志很好。The magazine _ was very good.5这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the best film _.6有一些水的那个瓶子是我的。The bottle _ is mine.7被我母亲照顾的那个婴儿三个月大。The baby _ by my mother is three months old.答案：(that/which)my brother bought答案：(that)I have seen答案：in which there is some water答案：who/that is taken care of