1、Topic 38计量度量衡 (Weights and Measures)long, length, wide, width, high, height, deep，depth, _ weI24, weight数量与数目 (Quantity and Number) _ mant70, a huge amount of, number, a large number of, the number of, quality, _ vrId75, on average, a great deal of, a good many， more than, plenty of, dozen, score, h
2、alf, quarter, percent, percentage, total, in total, mass, _ mdrti9, accurate, exact, or so, a bit, a few, a little, at least, at most, hundred, thousand, million,billion计量与计数 (Measurement and Counting) count, _ d57, add to, add up to, double, _ kant44, accountfor, calculate, estimate计数单位 (Counting U
3、nit)degree, _ me(r)50, measurement, foot, inch, mile, metre, kilometre, centimetre, square, yard, ton作用意义 (Effect and Meaning)standard, shape, fair, unfair, load, pack, significant, important, _ minIfl19 weigh; amount; average; majority; add; account; measure; meaningful amountYou will receive a bil
4、l for the full amount.(2019浙江高考)So what is the right amount of praise?(1)单句语法填空There _ a large amount of food in the store.Large amounts of money _ spent on books.答案：iswere(2)单句写作他每天有大量的工作要做。He has _ work to do every day.闲置资本数量很大。_ unemployed capital is very large.他的债务共达五千镑。His debts _ 5,000 pounds.
5、她花了大笔的钱买那件衣服。She spent _ money on that coat.我们的钱数额有限。_ we have is limited.答案：a large amount ofThe amount ofamount toa huge amount ofThe amount of money(1)n. 金额 a sum of money(2)n. 数量；数额 a quantity of sth.a large/small amount of 大量/少量be of little amount 不重要的；无价值的in amount 总之；总计in large (small) amount
6、大(少)量地，大(小)批地a_large_amount_of 大量的 large amounts of 大量的amount to 总计；共计a large/small amount of和large/small amounts of后面只能接不可数名词，但它们作主语时，句子的谓语动词要与amount的单复数形式保持一致。average(2018全国卷)The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Thats more than twice the Europ
7、ean average and almost five times the global average.(2017全国卷)Freddy was an average student, but not an average person.(2016浙江10月高考)Guests will have to produce at least 10 watt hours of electricity roughly 15 minutes of cycling for someone of average fitness.(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义The average cost of maki
8、ng a movie has risen by 15%._The average American has not even thought about next years election._It takes an average of ten weeks for a house sale to be completed._答案：平均的普通的平均数(2)介词填空_ average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.Last year was the
9、 warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 _ the average.Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, an average _ 40,000 per year.答案：Onaboveof(3)单句写作To their great joy, their sons schoolwork is well _ (高于平均水平)What is _ (八月份平均降水量) in your country?
10、_ (一般来说), people who dont smoke are healthier than people who do.答案：above averagethe average rainfall of AugustOn average(1)adj. 平均的 calculated by adding several amounts together, finding a total, and dividing the total by the number of amounts(2)n. 平均水平；平均数 a level which is usual; the result of add
11、ing several amounts together, finding a total, and dividing the total by the number of amounts(3)adj. 普通的；平常的；一般的 ordinary; not special(4)adj. 典型的；正常的 typical or normalabove/below (the) average 在一般水平以上(以下)on (the/an) average 按平均数计算；平均地the averagen.of . 的平均totalThe total bill doesnt include the servi
12、ce charge.(2019北京高考)If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate.Each students points were totalled and entered in a list.(1)介词填空_ total, these astronauts have spent more than 26,00
13、0 days in space.This sum will bring the total up _ 200 exactly.The companies have a total _ 1,776 employees.答案：Intoof(2)单句写作他们的花费总计1,000英镑。_展览会的参观者总数已达15,000人。_答案：Their expense reached a total of 1,000 pounds.The visitors to the exhibition totaled up to 15,000.(1)adj. 总的；总计的；全体的；全部的 being the amount
14、 or number after everyone or everything is counted or added together(2)n. 总数；总额；合计；总计 the amount you get when you add several numbers or amounts together; the final number of people or things when they have all been counted(3)v. 把加起来；计算的总和 to add up the numbers of sth./sb. and get a totaltotal up to
15、 合计，总数达到total . up 把加起来a_total_of 总数为countShe began to count up how many guests they had to invite.Every point in this game counts. I disagree with you on both counts.(1)单句语法填空Im counting on you _ (help) me.We count her _ one of our oldest friends.Please count me _ if you are going to do it.答案：to he
16、lpasin(2)单句写作我不指望一辈子都干这个工作。I dont _ for life.在困难的时候，你总是可以指望汤姆帮助你的。You can always _ Tom _ you when in trouble.你别指望他，他不可信。You cannot _； he is not reliable.答案：count on doing the jobcount on; to helpcount on him(1)v. 计算(或清点)总数 to calculate the total number of people, things, etc. in a particular group(2
17、)v. (不用于进行时)重要 (not used in the progressive tenses) to be important(3)n. (讨论或争论的)论点，观点，问题，事项 a point made during a discussion or an argumentadd(2019北京高考)For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method.(2019全国卷)The researchers then tested how the monkeys combinedor
18、 addedthe symbols to get the reward.(2017全国卷)He added that the theaters location (位置) was also a reason.The suite will add a touch of class to your bedroom.(1)用add 的相关短语填空_ your scores and see how many points you get.Fireworks _ the attraction of the festival night.How much does the bill _？If you _
19、5 _ 3, you get 8.答案：Add upadd toadd up toadd; to(2)单句写作坏天气增加了我们的困难。The bad weather _.把这些数字加起来，弄清楚总计是多少。_ and find out what they add up to.计算总数时，请把这些新数字也加进去。Before you finish the total, please _ these new figures.答案：added to our difficultiesAdd up all the figuresadd up to(1)v. 增加；加添 to put sth. toget
20、her with sth. else so as to increase the size, number, amount, etc.(2)v. 加 to put numbers or amounts together to get a total(3)v. 补充说；继续说 to say sth. more; to make a further remark(4)v. 添加(特色) to give a particular quality to an event, a situation, etc.measure(2019全国卷)This smart keyboard precisely me
21、asures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.(2018浙江高考)It found many youngsters now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”(2017江苏高考)This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful.Is this
22、test an accurate measure of ability?(1)介词填空The shirt that he made _ my own measure fits me well.In America distance _ (measure) by miles.You should take effective _ (measure) to improve your working conditions.答案：tois measuredmeasures(2)单句写作为了做一套新衣服她给那个顾客量了尺寸。She _ for a new suit.政府已经采取措施帮助大学生就业。The
23、 government has _ to help college graduates to find jobs.成功并不总是用财富衡量的。Success is not always _.我想要这套西装照他自己的尺寸做。I want the suit made _.你们应该采取措施，鼓励他们致富。You should _ encourage them to grow rich.答案：measured the customertaken measuresmeasured by wealthto his own measuretake measures to(1)v. 测量；度量 to find
24、the size, quantity, etc. of sth. in standard units(2)v. 估量，判定(重要性、价值或影响等) to judge the importance, value or effect of sth.(3)n. 措施；方法 an official action that is done in order to achieve a particular aim(4)n. 判断；衡量 a way of judging or measuring sth.be measured by/in . 用来计算/衡量make . to ones measure 按某
25、人的尺寸订做take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)(1)measure表示“措施”之意时，常用其复数形式measures。(2)measure表示“量；有长(宽、高等)”时，是不及物动词，后跟量的结果，不用被动语态及进行时态；作定语时要用现在分词。shape(2019江苏高考)Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro.(2019天津高考)It would help shape a realistic an
26、d serious attitude to life.This tool is used for shaping wood.单句写作这位老人90多岁了，但身体很好。The old man is more than 90 years old, but he is _.我买了一个形状像船的钱包。I bought a wallet _ a boat.我们的休假计划已开始形成。Plans for our vacation are beginning to _.轮子已经扭曲变形了。The wheel has been twisted _.答案：in shapein the shape oftake sh
27、apeout of shape(1)n. 形状；外形；样子；呈形状的事物 the form of the outer edges or surfaces of sth.; an example of sth. that has a particular form(2)v. 决定的形成；影响的发展 to have an important influence on the way that sb./sth. develops(3)v. 使成为形状(或样子)；塑造 to make sth. into a particular shapein shape 在形状上；处于良好状态out_of shap
28、e 变形；状态不好in the shape of 呈的形状take shape 形成，使成形.七选五(2020贵州省安顺市高三联考)Dry ice is carbon dioxide in frozen form, with a temperature of about minus 78.5 . _1_Instead, when dry ice melts, it turns into a gas. So when you see dry ice “smoking”， its frozen carbon dioxide melting into its gaseous state. Dry i
29、ce is a popular matter in science experiments and for a good reason, it creates projects that look cool.Experiment: Healthy Dry Ice Yogurt Popsicles (冰棍)This dry ice experiment is a simple project, but its certainly wonderful. _2_ Even kids as young as five will at least appreciate the observations.
30、 It should take you about 10 minutes or less to have a frozen treat to enjoy.MaterialsOne large block of dry iceLarge spoon or tubeshaped piece of metalFour Popsicle sticksOne cup of your favorite juiceTall glass filled with waterDirectionsUse the large spoon, or tubeshaped piece of metal to make a
31、Popsicleshaped hole in the middle of the block of dry ice. You can set the ice on a towel on your counter to do this work. _3_ Add a Popsicle stick to the middle of the space so that when you pour in the liquid, it will freeze around the Popsicle stick._4_ After several minutes, remove the Popsicle
32、from the block of dry ice and dip it into a tall glass of water. Do this to warm up the Popsicle just a bit first. _5_ You are sure to succeed!APrepare all the necessary materials.BOtherwise, it will be too cold to enjoy.CIt has appealed to a wide range of audiences.DUnlike regular ice, dry ice does
33、nt melt into a liquid.EKeep in mind that its okay if its not exactly Popsicleshaped.FThe number of experiments you can perform using dry ice is endless.GHold the Popsicle stick in place and wait a few minutes for your Popsicle to harden. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何用干冰制作冰棍的实验。善于把科学知识运用到生活中，就会有很多有趣的事情发生。我们要
34、学以致用(learn in order to practise)，热爱生活！1D根据下文提到干冰融化会变成气体，可见干冰和常规的冰不一样，不会融化成液态。故选D。2C根据下文“五岁的孩子都会喜欢看”可知，这个实验会广泛吸引观众。故选C。3E根据上文提到用大勺子或管状的金属棒在干冰里挖一个冰棍状的洞，所以这个洞挖得不那么像冰棍也不要紧。故选E。4G根据上文提到在那个挖出来的洞中间加一根冰棍棒，再倒入果汁。接下来就应该是固定住冰棍棒， 然后等待冰棍慢慢凝固成型。故选G。5B根据上文提到冰棍做好以后要在水里浸泡一会稍微加热一下，可知，冰棍太冰而无法吃了。故选B。temperature n. 温度；气
35、温certainly adv. 无疑；确定；肯定observation n. 观察；观测；监视dip v. 蘸；浸(第三段第一句)This dry ice experiment is a simple project, but its certainly wonderful.这个干冰实验是一个简单的项目，但它无疑是美妙的。.完形填空(2019大连高三双基测试卷)Once a fine blacksmith (铁匠) named Walukaga was brought to the king. Several servants appeared with some iron. “You mus
36、t change this metal into a man，” said the king. “Not just a _1_， but a living man who can walk and talk.” Everyone knew if anyone failed to _2_ an order, he would be put to death. So poor Walukaga sat with his head in his hands all day, wondering how to deal with his _3_. Many people made suggestion
37、s, but none would _4_ at all.One evening, walking through a _5_ area, he discovered a boyhood friend who had become mad and lived alone. Walukaga had _6_ else to do, so he decided to humor his old friend and tell the kings _7_ to him. To his surprise, the fellow listened to the end without _8_. “I k
38、now what to do，” said the madman immediately. “Tell the king that to make the man, you must have one hundred pots of tears of his people, _9_ only tears may keep your fire burning at the right temperature.”On hearing such good advice, the blacksmith _10_ to the kings palace. After he explained what
39、he must have the king was quite _11_. But try as the people might, it was impossible to _12_ enough tears. Finally the king said, “You have asked something impossible. My people can never _13_ one hundred water pots with tears. I therefore _14_ you from your task.”Then everyone realized how cleverly
40、 Walukaga had gotten out of his fix. But he never forgot it was his friends advice that had saved him, and he saw to it that the madman never went _15_ to the end of his days.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。国王命令铁匠用铁铸造一个活人，否则就会处死他，左右为难的铁匠偶遇一个儿时的朋友，这个朋友虽然已经疯了，但他的建议却拯救了铁匠。1Apicture BstatueCfancy Ddoll答案：B根据空后的“but a liv
41、ing man who can walk and talk”可知，国王要求铁匠用金属铸造成一个会走路、会说话的活人，而不是一尊雕塑(statue)。2Aput up Bwork outCgive up Dcarry out答案：D根据语境可知，此处表示每个人都知道任何没有执行(carry out)命令的人，最终都会被处死。3Adilemma BroutineCterror Dtrial答案：A根据该句中的“So poor Walukaga sat with his head in his hands all day”并结合语境可知，此处表示他想知道如何解决他的困境(dilemma)。4Ares
42、pond BserveCsurvive Ddo答案：D根据空前的“but”可知，此处与上文形成转折关系，此处表示许多人提出建议，但都没用。do“对有效果”。5Afrozen BcontentedCdeserted Dpreserved答案：C根据该句中的“become mad and lived alone”可推知，他穿过一个荒芜的(deserted)区域。6Anone BmuchCsomething Dnothing答案：D根据空后的“so he decided to humor his old friend”可知，他没有什么(nothing)其他的事情可做。7Ainformation Bm
43、essageCdemand Doffer答案：C根据上文中的“Everyone knew if anyone failed to _2_ an order”可知，此处表示告诉他国王的命令(demand)；demand对应order。8Ainterrupting BnoddingCsmiling Dunderstanding答案：A他的朋友听他讲述国王的命令，从头听到尾却没有打断(interrupting)他。9Asince BwhileCwhen Dif答案：A根据语境可知，此处上下文形成因果关系，前果后因，故选A。10Aheld on Blived upCgot down Dhurried
44、off答案：D听到这么好的建议后，铁匠匆忙离开(hurried off)来到国王的宫殿。hold on意为“别挂断，坚持住”。11Aannoyed BagreeableCcautious Dawkward答案：B根据空后一句“But try . enough tears.”可知，国王对铁匠的要求是欣然同意的(agreeable)。12Acollect BfindCwin Dkeep答案：A根据上文中的“you must have one hundred pots of tears of his people”可知，此处表示收集(collect)足够多的眼泪。13Asupply Bcombine
45、Cput Dfill答案：D根据语境可知，国王说他的子民永远不能把一百个水罐装满(fill)泪水。fill . with . “用装满”。14Ashelter BfreeCkeep Dprotect答案：B根据上文国王无法实现铁匠提出的要求可推知，国王因此免去了他的任务。free sb. from sth. “使某人免于某事”。15Aangry BhungryCdesperate Dwild答案：B根据语境可知，铁匠的朋友的建议拯救了他，所以作为回报，他确保不会让他的朋友挨饿(hungry)。see to it that，意为“确保”。.语法填空(2019宁夏银川高三二模)More and m
46、ore public schools in America make it a rule that students must finish a certain amount of community service _1_ they are allowed to graduate from high school. They work on projects like making the environment better or _2_ (feed) homeless people.Many school systems in the United States now ask stud
47、ents _3_ (do) some kinds of community service as part of their studies. Students involved in service projects help _4_ (they) as well as their communities. They learn about the needs of people and aid _5_ (organize). For this reason, holidays _6_ (become) the prime period for volunteer work so far.
48、Volunteers get no pay, but experts point out that it is _7_ excellent opportunity to learn and practice new skills.According to the statistics, more than 60% of young Americans have participated _8_ different kinds of community service, such as cooking for homeless people, or painting old buildings,
49、 etc. Some students like to do their volunteer work in _9_ (centre) parts of America, but the majority of teens prefer to do it in their hometowns. Tom, a 16yearold middle school student in California, often _10_ (do) community service in a local hospital. He works 16 hours every week either receivi
50、ng calls at the information desk, or helping push patients back to their wards (病房)1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国越来越多公立学校规定，在学生从高中毕业之前必须完成一定数量的社区服务，以及社区服务对于学生自身和社区的好处。1before考查状语从句的引导词。根据句意，这里表示“越来越多美国公立学校要求学生在从高中毕业之前，必须要完成一定数量的社区服务”。故填before。2feeding考查非谓语动词。or前后连接两个并列成分，应保持相同的形
51、式。or前面的动词用了ing形式，所以之后的动词也应用ing形式。故填feeding。3to do考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.是固定用法。故填 to do。4themselves考查代词。这里表示“这些服务项目对他们自身和他们的社区都有帮助”。故填themselves。5organizations考查名词。aid sth./sb.意为“帮助某事或某人”，其后应用名词，而此处不仅指一个组织。故填organizations。6have become考查动词的时态。根据本句的时间状语so far可知谓语动词时态应用现在完成时。故填have become。7an考查冠词。此处泛
52、指“一个极好的机会”，同时excellent的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。8in考查介词。participate in为固定短语，意为“参加”。故填in。9central考查词性转换。此处应用centre的形容词形式修饰空格后面的名词parts。故填central。10does考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据often可知，本句应用一般现在时；同时该句主语Tom为第三人称。故填does。【重点语法】.写作新题型读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。The Worlds Rarest CreatureOnce, there w
53、ere several researchers in the forest, trying to study the rarest beast in the world. No one had seen it, and its existence was only known by some remains, and by its highly characteristic call. The call was similar to that of a dog with a toothache：“Oooh . waooOOOH！”Everyone wanted to be the first
54、to photograph and study it. The “beast” was a nocturnal creature, so during the day the scientists would pass their time studying other matters or in discussion. The most remarkable of them was Sir Walter TickFondler. He was a very pleasant and reliable chap, with a tiny little moustache and a huge
55、explorers hat. Every day, before tea, he would spend an hour sitting at his desk, putting all his equipment and bits and pieces in their proper place. He did this with meticulous precision. The notebook went right at the far edge of the desk, on the right hand side, slightly beyond the recorder, and
56、 next to the five pencils which were always in the same order: black, red, blue, green and yellow. The lamp was always towards the end of the desk, next to the camera, on the left . and so it was with all his things, even with the smallest of details.Everyone was amused that this gentleman was such
57、a perfect example of the famous English obsession with order.The researchers spent many nights in that area before the creature appeared, and before it did so some of them even doubted its existence. It appeared suddenly, while everything was quiet.Only a few meters away, the scientists heard its ca
58、ll loud and clear. The famous call of the dog with a toothache. It lasted only an instant, because all the commotion of the researchers scrabbling for their cameras and notebooks scared the creature, and it shot off before it could apparently be seen or studied in any detail.The next morning they al
59、l compared their findings. Some had managed to record its call, others had noted down how it moved, and the most fortunate of all had even managed to photograph parts of its tail or legs.They all congratulated each other on what they had got, but when they saw what Sir Walter had they were shocked.
60、Of course, the work he did on “The Rarest Creature in the World” made Sir Walterfamous. 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。根据一些人研究最罕见动物的故事可知，凡事最好提前做好准备，因为机会不知道什么时候就会降临。精彩范文They all congratulated each other on what they had got, but when they saw what Sir Walter had they were shocked. What surprised them most was that Mr
61、 Walter not only had taken several photos but he also recorded its call and penciled the creature perfectly. Only at that time did they realize why the explorer had been so obsessed with order that he seemed like a fool. Sir Walter could waste no time finding his recorder, notebook, pencil and camer
62、as in order to achieve what he wanted to do.Of course, the work he did on “The Rarest Creature in the World” made Sir Walterfamous. Later, when he spoke about the experience that night, he said, “You never know when the chance comes. What you should do is to make full preparations for it in advance. Otherwise you might miss the valuable opportunity when it came at last. It seems unnecessary for me to spend an hour putting all equipment in their proper order. But the result proved that my effort paid off.”
