1、Topic 12时间时刻 (Moment)_ Inst()nt8, _ImidItlI54, moment, point, quarter, at present，midnight, hardly . when ., no sooner . than ., from . on, in time, on time, right away, right now, at once, dawn, dust, _ dedlaIn6, swift时段 (Period)_ pIrId61, nowadays, last，_ Intv()l3, spend, take, date back to, date
2、from, age, decade, century, future, stage, forever/for ever, pass, past, temporary, ever since, for a time/while, in future, tick, contemporary, fortnight, session, _pm()nnt8, for the time being频度 (Frequency)frequently, _ relI19, seldom, hardly, regularly, _keI()n16, on a daily basis, no longer/ not
3、 . any longer, constantly, daily, weekly，monthly，sometimes, often, usually, always, never, at a time, at no time, at times, all the time, from time to time, now and then/again, over and over again, time and time again, hourly, daytoday, yearly, annual, day in and day out, on occasion时序 (Timing)forme
4、r, _ grdlI39, finally, eventually, since, in advance, so far, up to now, in the meanwhile/meantime, ahead, _ privIs34, recently, afterward(s), later, at the beginning of, in the beginning, the very beginning, at last, in the end, by the end of, at the same time, initial, shortlyinstant; immediately;
5、 deadline; period; interval; permanent; rarely; occasion; gradually; previousinstant(2015安徽高考)It can provide students with instant feedback (反馈), including reports about their strengths and weaknesses.He put instant coffee into a cup of hot water.Just for an instant I thought he was going to refuse.
6、(1)根据首字母或汉语提示填空We live in an era of i_ communication.The report highlights a number of _ (实例) of injustice.You have to answer them i_.答案：instantinstancesinstantly(2)单句语法填空_ an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ (instant) I
7、 picked up the phone._ instance, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. 答案：IninstantlyFor(3)一句多译我一到就给你打电话。_答案：Ill telephone you the instant I arrive.Instantly I arrive, Ill telephone you.(1)adj. (通常用于名词前)立即的 happening immediately(2)adj. (仅用于名词
8、前)速食的；即食的；速溶的；方便的 that can be made quickly and easily, usually by adding hot water(3)n. 瞬间；片刻 a very short period of timein an instant 立即地the instant 一就instance n. 例子；事例；实例for instance 例如instantly adv. 立即地 conj. 一就interval Tours depart at regular intervals throughout the day from the Courtyard and f
9、inish at the entrance to the State Apartments.(2019江苏高考)Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key.(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义He left the room, returning after a short interval with a message._Ear For Life, perfect pitch, interval and chord
10、ear training._答案：间隔，间歇音程(2)介词填空The runner started _ fiveminute intervals.The interval _ major earthquakes might be 200 years.答案：atbetween(3)单句写作_ (这两棵树的间隔) measures 40 feet.She woke him for medicines _ (整个晚上不时地)答案：The interval between the two treesat intervals throughout the night(1)n. 间隔，间歇 the per
11、iod of time between two events, activities, etc.(2)n. 音程 a difference in pitch (how high or low a note sounds) between two notesat . interval 每隔时间的间隔/间歇at intervals 时时，不时the interval between . and . 两者之间的间隔/间歇frequent Many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their inboxes
12、 with urgent demands.(1)根据首字母或汉语提示填空He is a f_ visitor to this country.The program can show us word _ (重复率)Buses run f_ between the city and the airport.答案：frequentfrequencyfrequently(2)单句语法填空Women over 75 are now shopping for clothes more _ (frequent) than they did when they were young in the 1960s
13、.What really matters is _ (frequent), not intensity (强度) of your exercise. 答案：frequentlyfrequency(3)单句写作Objects like this turn up at sales _ (出人意料地频繁)答案：with surprising frequencyadj. 频繁的；经常发生的 happening or doing sth. oftenfrequently adv. 频繁地frequency n. 发生率；出现率；重复率；频繁occasion(2019浙江6月高考)Only on spec
14、ial occasions would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands.Ill speak to him about it if the occasion arises.(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义This was the occasion for expressions of friendship by the two presidents._Taking her with me on official occasions has been a challenge._答案：(合适的)机会特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)(2)单
15、句语法填空Nobody is perfect, and everyone acts thoughtlessly _ occasion.The weather was good except for an _ (occasion) shower.I know he has usually worked well but I must punish him _ this occasion.Ive been writing this report _ (occasion) for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.答案：o
16、noccasionalonoccasionally(3)单句写作我有时去拜访我的父母。I call on my parents _.在那个时刻，我被他的话深深地打动了。_， I was so deeply touched by his words.答案：on occasionOn that occasion(1)n. 特别的事情(或仪式、庆典) a special event, ceremony or celebration(2)n. (合适的)机会；(有利的)时机 a suitable or favourable time for sth.on occasion(s) 有时，偶然，偶尔on
17、this/that occasion 在此时/彼时occasional adj. 偶尔的occasionally adv. 偶尔，间或base(2019全国卷)At the base is a rainforest.(2015重庆高考)Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.(2019北京高考)And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are t
18、he base of the food web.(2019天津高考)Scientists have built an earlywarning system based on mathematical models.(1)根据首字母或汉语提示填空The lamp has a heavy b_.The _ (基本的) pay of the average worker has risen by 3 per cent.The two approaches are b_ very similar.答案：basebasicbasically(2)介词填空You should base your opi
19、nion _ the facts.The headquarters of the IOC are based _ Lausanne, Switzerland.答案：onin(3)单句写作After Shock, directed by Feng Xiaogang, _ (是根据的一部小说) written by Zhang Ling.答案：is based on a novel(1)n. 根基；基底；底座 the lowest part of sth., especially the part or surface on which it rests or stands(2)n. 据点；总部；
20、大本营 the main place where you live or stay or where a business operates from (3)n. (人、经济、集团等的)基础，支柱 the people, money, groups etc. that form the main part of sth.(4)v. 以为基础(或根据) to use an idea, a fact, a situation, etc. as the point from which sth. can be developedconstant(2019江苏高考)Thus humans who li
21、ved a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meateating animals.The temperature remains more or less constant at the new elevated level.(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义We kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia. _The bus is travelling
22、 at a constant speed._答案：不断的不变的；固定的；恒定的(2)单句语法填空When that power is released to support the certainty of ones purpose and is _ (constant) strengthened by faith.The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the _ (constancy) growth in the boxoffice income.答案：c
23、onstantlyconstant(3)单句写作通货膨胀是一种持续的威胁。Inflation is _.答案：a constant threat(1)adj. 连续发生的；不断的；重复的 happening all the time or repeatedly(2)adj. 不变的；固定的；恒定的 that does not changeconstantly adv. 不断地；始终；一直constancy n. 坚定不移；恒久不变meanwhile (2019北京高考)Meanwhile, with her parents help, Moore is generally able to li
24、ve a normal teenage life.The doctor will see you again next week. Meanwhile, you must rest as much as possible.The incomes of male professionals went up by 80%. Meanwhile, parttime women workers saw their earnings fall.(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义Bob spent fifteen months alone on his yacht. Ann, meanwhile, too
25、k care of the children on her own._Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, meanwhile, can reduce its effects._答案：与此同时(比较两方面)对比之下(2)介词填空_ the meanwhile, it is a kind of labour full of creation.We need some more books, but these will do _ the meanwhile._ the same time, we live in re
26、lationship and often with others.答案：InforAt(3)单句写作Mother went shopping, _ (在此期间), I cleaned the house.答案：in the meanwhile/meantime(1)adv. 同时；与此同时 while sth. else is happening(2)adv. 期间 in the period of time between two events(3)adv. (比较两方面)对比之下 used to compare two aspects of a situationmeanwhilemean
27、timeat the same time 同时；其间in the meanwhile/meantime 在此期间for the meanwhile 一会儿，暂时.七选五(2017全国卷)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact，the key to easy morning wakeup lies in resetting your body clock. _1_ Heres how to make one._2_ In order to
28、 make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day？Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.Rethink morning
29、s. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider rearranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. _3_ Thats a quarterhour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker wi
30、th a timer.Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. _4_Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track
31、of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. _5_ If not, take another look at other methods you could try.AGet a sleep specialist.BFind the right motivation.CA better plan for sleep can help.DAnd consider setting a second alarm.E
32、If the steps you take are working, keep it up.FStick to your set bedtime and wakeup time, no matter the day.GReconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。很多人觉得早上起床很困难并将其归咎于闹钟。其实，要想早上轻松起床，关键是要调整自己身体的生物钟。本文就此为我们提供了一些建议。遵循自然规律，调整个人生物钟，有利于工作，有利于学习(good for work, go
33、od for study)。1C空格前提到要调整身体的生物钟，空格后提到如何制定一个睡眠计划。只有C项“一个更好的睡眠计划会有所帮助”承上启下，符合语境。2B该空为本段的主题句。由下文可知，在制定睡眠计划前要弄清楚自己做出改变的原因，故选B项“找到合适的动机”。3G由空格后内容可知，要是你自己买一个带定时器的咖啡机，你就可以将那15分钟省下来睡觉，故G项“重新考虑你用在咖啡馆排队买咖啡的15分钟”符合语境。4F由本段首句可知，本段主题是“在周末要坚持(执行)你的睡觉和起床时间表”，与此主题符合的只有F项“不管哪天都要坚持你设定的就寝和起床时间”。5E本段讲的是每周要记录并评价你的计划，如果有效
34、，就继续坚持，如果无效，就看看其他你可以尝试的方法。由空格后的If not也可直接锁定E项。schedule n. 计划(表)；时间表v. 安排，预定consider vt. 考虑；认为in fact 事实上，实际上(第三段第三句)If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags.如果你需要时间和家人一起吃早餐，那就在前一天晚上安排好衣服、鞋子和背包以节省时间。.完形填空(2015广东高考改编)H
35、ow long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is _1_ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to liveif he or she is _2_ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 year
36、s! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce _3_. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and _4_ die.Even though we cant live forever, we are living a _5_ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age be
37、gin then? Sixtyfive may be outofdate as the _6_ line between middle age and old age.After all, many older people dont begin to experiencephysical and mental _7_ until after age 75.People are living longerbecause more people _8_childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many childr
38、en died of common childhood _9_. Now that the chances of dying _10_ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.On the whole, our population is getting older. The _11_ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way
39、 of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see _12_， not disaster. Today，many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in _13_ if not in age.As our society grows old, we need the _14_ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of the
40、m, they need to _15_ active and be devoted.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了人类寿命延长的原因及人口老龄化对社会的影响。1A.designed Bselected Cimproved Ddiscovered答案：A根据本句中的“study old age”和“human body”可判断，科学家是从人体构造和机理的角度进行研究的，并认为，人体的结构设计决定了一个人最长能活到120岁，故选A项。2A.completely Bgenerally Capparently Dextremely答案：D根据本句中的“110 years is proba
41、bly the longest”可判断，与科学家的结论不同的事实是，能活到110岁几乎就是最长的，而能活到这个年龄的人应该是非常(extremely)健康和幸运的，这里用extremely这个副词表示程度，故选D项。3A.rapidly Bharmlessly Cendlessly Dseparately答案：C根据本句中的“cells”和“reproduce”可判断，这里指的是细胞不能无休止地再生；再根据下一句中的wear out和die可判断，正是因为细胞不能无休止地(endlessly)再生，一个人的寿命才会终结，故选C项。rapidly “迅速地”；harmlessly “无害地”；s
42、eparately “分别地”。4A.eventually Bhopelessly CautomaticallyDdesperately答案：A根据本句中的“wear out, and as a result”和“die”可判断，细胞经过了衰竭的过程之后，最后的结果就是死亡，这里用eventually这个副词表示最终的结果，故选A项。hopelessly “无望地”；automatically “自动地”；desperately “绝望地”。5A.busier Blonger Cricher Dhappier答案：B联系下一句中的“only 47 years”和“today it is 75
43、years”可判断，人类的寿命在延长，也就是人们的寿命“更长了(longer)”，故选B项。6A.finishing Bguiding Cwaiting Ddividing答案：D根据本句中的“between middle age and old age”可判断，65岁是中年和老年的分界线，dividing line “分界线”。故选D项。7A.stress Bdamage Cdecline Dfailure答案：C联系上一句话可知，以往将65岁看作中年和老年的“分水岭”已经过时了。这是因为，随着社会的发展，很多人真正出现身体和精神上的衰退(decline)是在75岁以后，这里的decline
44、是名词，故选C项。8A.survive Benjoy Cremember Dvalue答案：A与下文“died of common childhood _9_”对比可判断，以往人们童年要遭遇很多磨难，所以存活率低，而此句指更多的人经过了童年存活(survive)下来，故选A项。9A.problems Bfears Cworries Ddiseases答案：D根据本句中的“modern medicine”可判断，现代医学改变了自然法则，也就是说随着医学的发展，许多孩子不再死于儿童常见疾病(diseases)，故选D项。10A.poor Byoung Csick Dquiet答案：B根据下文的“t
45、he chances of living long are much higher”可知，人们长寿的概率在升高，由此可推知，应选B项，即人们在年幼的时候死去的概率在降低。11A.changes BrecoveryCsafety Dincreases答案：A根据上一句中的“getting older”和下一句中的“such change”可判断，人们寿命的延长和人口老龄化这些变化(changes)正对我们的社会发展和生活方式产生持久的影响，故选A项。12A.dreams Bchances Cstrengths Dchoices答案：Bwhile意为“然而”，其前后句子之间为对比关系。故此空应与前
46、半句“一些人害怕这些变化会使情况变得更糟”相对，且与“not disaster”并列，故此处应为“chances”，表示另外一些人从这些变化中看到了机会，而不是灾难。13A.mind BappearanceCvoice Dmovement答案：A根据本句话中的“active”和“young”可判断，现在很多处于“退休时期”的人“在精神上(in mind)”依然年轻，精力充沛，故选A项。appearance “外貌”；voice “声音，嗓音”；movement “行动，举动”。golden years常用于美国口语，指“退休时期”，通常在65岁以后。14A.protection Bsugges
47、tionsCcontributions Dpermission答案：C根据本句中的“need”和下一句话中的“devoted”可判断，虽然社会趋于老龄化，但是我们还是需要老年市民(为社会)做的贡献，本空的contributions和下一句中的devoted对应，故选C项。15A.sound Bappear Cturn Dstay答案：D根据本句中的“long lives”可判断，老年人也要认识到，因为有很长的路等着自己，他们更要保持积极的心态，这里的stay是一个连系动词，意为“保持”，故选D项。.语法填空(2017全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passe
48、nger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _1_ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _2_ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, _3_
49、(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over _4_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines _5_ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been _6_ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to
50、 be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _7_ every day.Later, engineers _8_ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the _9_ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and
51、 lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most _10_ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一条地铁的建造过程及其发展。1crowds考查名词。crowd是可数
52、名词，且由后面的“on the roads”可知，此处指不同道路上的不同人群，故应用复数形式。2from考查介词。to and from “往返，来来回回”，为固定搭配。3laying考查非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。4the考查冠词。此处特指地铁的顶部，故用定冠词the。5were used考查动词的时态和语态。Steam engines与use之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。6fairly考查词性转换。所填词修饰形容词unpleasant，故用fair
53、的副词形式fairly。7it考查代词。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处用it指代上文提到的the railway。8managed考查动词的时态。全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。9introduction考查词性转换。空格前有the修饰，且后有of短语，故此处用名词形式。10successful考查词性转换。“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数”表示“最的之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。【重点语法】(一)(二).写作新题型概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Frozen in TimeScientists sa
54、y a group of lizard (蜥蜴) fossils found in a Southeast Asian rainforest includes the oldest chameleon (变色龙) fossil ever discovered.Millions of years ago, a baby chameleon scurrying through a rainforest got trapped in resin, a sticky substance that oozes from trees. Over time, the resin hardened into
55、goldenyellow amber.When scientists analyzed that ancient piece of amber, they were amazed to see how well it had preserved the chameleon. They were also shocked when they determined the lizards ageabout 99 million years old.“This is the oldest recorded chameleon，” says Edward Stanley. “The previous
56、oldest specimen on record was 17 to 18 million years old！”A few decades ago, that chameleon fossil, along with 11 other lizard fossils, was found in a rainforest in the Southeast Asian country of Myanmar. The fossils also included a gecko specimen. All of them were recently analyzed with the latest
57、imaging technology. Scientists scanned them with a machine that takes special Xrays and combines them into detailed images. They also used 3D printers to create models of the lizards that are roughly 10 times their actual size. This allowed researchers to see many details they might have otherwise m
58、issed. Using all these hightech tools, scientists found that the amber had preserved parts of the lizards that normally wouldnt last, like their skin, their eyes, and even the chameleons long tongue. “Small animalsespecially those that live in tropical environments where its very warmdont tend to ge
59、t preserved，” Stanley explains. “So these fossils give us a window into a very poorly known world of the past.”The fossils have taught the scientists a great deal about ancient lizards. For example, the gecko fossil has the same sticky toe pads that modern geckos have, showing that geckos had alread
60、y developed the ability to climb trees nearly 100 million years ago.Stanley says the fossils also show how long the tropical rainforests we know today have been around. “If you look at modern rainforests in Asia, youll find a lot of the same kinds of animals that were alive back then，” he says. “So,
61、 excitingly, it suggests that the tropics are quite stable for these small animals. These fossils show us why we should be protecting these areas where their modern relatives live today.”_写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项关于年代最久远的蜥蜴化石的发现。精彩范文The article tells about the discovery of the oldest lizard fossils ever
62、 found. (要点1) Scientists study some lizard fossils that were found in a Southern Asian rainforest many years ago, with modern scientific equipment. (要点2) What made scientists surprise is that the wellpreserved lizards proved to be about 99 million years old, the oldest specimen so far. (要点3) The fos
63、sils proves that lizards developed their ability to climb trees about 100 million years ago. Tropical forests are stable for lizards, and it is important to preserve forests well. (要点4)写作思路(1)细读原文，把握大意。(2)提炼要点(转述观点)。 分析原文的内容和结构，将各要点分项简明扼要地表述，注意在结构上的顺序。 找出文章的内容要点后，要用自己的话转述原文的内容要点。要注意采用同义替换、语态转换、合并句子等方式，避免抄袭原文。 不要用自己的观点代替作者的观点。 若文中有一分为二的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉任何一方的观点。(3)草拟提纲，写出初稿。 略去不必要的细节。 安排好篇幅的比例。用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。 注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。要用适当的连接词贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。 尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用原文中的某些词句。计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。(4)规范检查，工整撰写。检查要点是否齐全。 检查观点是否与原文一致。检查各要点的衔接与过渡。
