1、2016高考英语二轮：定语从句导学案一定语从句的概念Green team（绿队）Team in green（绿队）The team who wear in green.(穿绿衣服的队伍) 形容词 介词短语 从句（即为定语从句）定语从句的定义:在句子中修饰或限定名词，代词的从句就是定语从句 先行词 : 指主句整句或主句部分被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词关系词的三个作用:一是连接主句与从句; 二是指代先行词;三是在从句中充当句子成分。 二定语的型类限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“的”。
2、B.非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。The water which has been polluted by the factory is not fit to drink.被工厂污染的水不宜饮用.（如果缺少定语从句，句子的主要意思会受到影响）Water, which is a clear liquid, is widely used in our everyday life.水是一种清澈的液体，在我们的日常生活中应用非常广泛。（如果缺少定语从句，句子的
3、意 思不会受到影响）三表格关系代词指代在从句中充当是否可以省略who人主语否whomwhosethatwhichas关系副词指代在从句中充当是否可以省略WhenwhereWhy 在以上关系代词中有一个万能词：That他一到定语从句时先行词既可以是人也可以是物。 领悟体会：The number of people who / that lost homes reached as many as 250,000. 四填写关系词的四个步骤：1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主
4、语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。考点1关系代词的选择a) 由who,whom,whose引导的定语从句关系代词who用作 主语 ，用于指代 人 ，在口语或非正式用法中作 宾语。This is the man who helped me. Is Sheba the dog who was run over and nearly killed last year?All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)b)由whom引导的定语从句关系代词whom用
5、作 宾语 ，用于指代 人 。The man whom I saw yesterday is called Smith. Jack,with whom I have excellent relations,always gives me good advice.who与whom 作宾语时的区别：当先行词后有介词时只能用whom, 而不能用whoc)由whose引导的定语从句关系代词whose用作定语，用于指代人或物。Do you know the man whose name is Lihua? Do you see the house windows are all broken?d)由whi
6、ch引导的定语从句基本用法：which在从句中作 主，宾，表，定 。1. The book which was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）2. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）5. Tom spent four years in college,
7、 during which time he learned French.（定语）e)由as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句作主、宾、表语。That was such terrible weather as destroyed our whole trip plan。He is not the same man as he was.f)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“（名词，数词，代词+）介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中， 关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which（指物）。先行词指人时，用whom, 先行词指物时用which. 在
8、这种结构中 ，1. The poor man has no house in which to live2. The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. “介词”的选择可依据以下几点：方法一:根据从句中动词/形容词与先行词习惯搭配 方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系看句中需用哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。例如：表示“所有关系”或整体中的一部分时常用of. 方法三：根据语意表达的需要来确定。考点2难点，常考点： A.以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。先行词为不定代词everything，som
9、e,much，all，anything，nothing,none,the one等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.Theres nothing can be said about it .3.Do you mean the onewas bought yesterday?先行词被the only,the very, the last,the little,any,just ,one of等词修饰时。1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.Thats the very
10、 word is wrongly used.The last placewe visited was the chemical works.You can take any (=whichever) seat is free.I hope the little I can will be of some help to them.先行词是最高级或者序数词时或是被序数词， 最高级修饰时。1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film has been sh
11、own in our school this term.3.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.先行词既有 人 又有 物 ，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 1.The writer and his novel you have just talked about is really well known .2.The rider and his bike had run
12、 over an old woman were held up by the police.如果有从句，其中一个关系代词已用 ,另一个关系代词宜用，以避免语言的。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.疑问词是who或，关系代词宜用，以避免。1. Which is the book that you like best?2. Who is the man is standing at the gate?主句是结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用作关系代词.1. There is s
13、till a seat in the corner that is still free.2. There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.B.关系代词who的特殊用法关系代词的选择who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用, 而不宜用先行词为anyone,one,ones,all,those时. 1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone failed to come to the meeting yesterd
14、ay must give his reason .3.Those are not fit for their work should leave office at once4.I dont like the ones (= those ) talk big.5.Persons are quarrelsome are despised.在There be 结构中，主语是人 时,关系代词只能用who.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .There are several students in our class are still not su
15、re about the use of attributive clauses.当先行词有较长的 后置定语 时. 如：I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 ,另一个则宜用, 以免重复. The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor is very modest and works very hard .C.关系代词which
16、的特殊用法定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:当关系代词的前面有介词 时. 1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room inMr. White lives?在非限制性定语从句中. 1.Crusoes dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, is becoming ve
17、ry popular in our country.在一个句子中有定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了, 另一个宜用 . 1. Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library was newly open to us. 2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and I could pass on to others when I finished them.先行词本身是that，
18、those时, 宜用 . Whats that which she is looking at ?A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.D.关系代词as的特殊用法引导限制性定语从句。先行词常有so, such,the same等词。其中关系代词在从句作主，宾，表语。1.We have found such materials as are used in their factory.2.We hope to get such a tool as he is using。3.I live in the same hou
19、se as he(lives in).引导非限制性定语从句。表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。此时as译为正如、像等。As引导的从句可以置于句首、句中、句尾。As is known to all, China is a developing country。John, as you can see, is a rich man。He is from the south, as we can see from his accent。在以下结构中，一般也用as: as (it)appears, as (it)seems, as (it)often happens, as (it)was p
20、ointed out / said / reported / announced, as (it)was said earlier, as I remember (it), as is wellknown, as is known to all, as anybody can see等。E.as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：位置的不同：which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的 句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.2
21、. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或As you know, Jack is an honest man.先行词的不同：as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。 He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词） She was very patient towards the children, which her husband se
22、ldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子） He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.考点3关系副词的用法：where, when，why关系副词引导的定语从句:When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）He came last night when I was out.注意We will
23、put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better. 先行词为时间名词，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.I stil
24、l remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语） Next winter which/that youll spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be exciting.Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc. This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where /in which he used to live. 注意注意 先行词是地点名
25、词，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。 比较: This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fa
26、il.The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.“模糊地点”一些特殊的先行词如si
27、tuation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语用that / which，作状语用where / when / 介词which。1. Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. (定语从句可还原为：at the point both sides will sit down together and talk, 故先行词point在定语从句中作状语，所
28、以关系词用where / at which。)2. There is one point that we must insist on. 有一个观点我们必须坚持。(定语从句可还原为：we must insist on the point，所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语，故用that / which或省略。)Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：The reason why / for which / (that) he didnt attend the meeti
29、ng was that he was ill.I dont believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语） Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。way后的定语从句 的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如:This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.比较
30、: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you五。主语和谓语一致1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。The boy who is standing at the door is my son.2. 在one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.3. 在“the on
31、ly /very/right one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。 六、定语从句和其他句型之间的关系【例句观察】He is such a good boy that everyone likes him. (不缺句子成分，that引导结果状语从句)他是如此好的一位男孩以至于大家都喜欢他。He is such a good boy as everyone likes. (likes缺宾语，用as充当并引导定语从句)他是一个大家都喜欢的男孩。The great white shark is so fierce a fi
32、sh as eats most of the others. (as充当eats的主语，并引导定语从句) 大白鲨是大多数鱼都吃的一种凶狠的鱼。【结论】区别such / soas引导的定语从句和such / sothat引导的结果状语从句判断用that还是as, 只要看从句的结构是否完整即可。如果从句缺了主语或宾语就是定语从句；如果从句的结构完整，就是结果状语从句。 【疑难1】区别非限制性定语从句与并列句 He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ were popular. Its the same with his wife. She wrote some pla
33、ys, but none of _ was a success. A. these; them B. which; which C. those; which D. which; them【疑难剖析1】此题应选 D。很容易误选A、B。选对该题的关键是：要注意前面一句的 none of没有并列连词(说明它才是非限制性定语从句，所以其后填which)，而后面一句的none of前有一并列连词but (说明它与前面一句构成并列句，所以其后填them)。【疑难2】区别定语从句与名词性从句As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth. It
34、is known to all that the moon travels around the earth. That the moon travels around the earth is known to all. What is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth. 【疑难剖析2】as引导非限制性定语从句；it作形式主语，that引导主语从句； that引导主语从句；what引导主语从句， that引导表语从句。【疑难3】区别定语从句与地点状语从句When you read the book, youd bet
35、ter make a mark in the place where you have any questions. When you read the book, youd better make a mark where you have any questions. Please put the book in the place where you got it. Please put the book where you got it. 【疑难剖析3】定语从句修饰place; 地点状语从句；定语从句修饰place；地点状语从句。【疑难4】区别定语从句与强调句、状语从句It was t
36、his small village (that / which) we got to know each other. It was in this small village that we got to know each other. It was 1914 when the war broke out. It was in 1914 that the war broke out. It was 1914, when the war broke out. 【疑难剖析4】定语从句；强调句；时间状语从句；强调句；非限制性定语从句。【疑难5】定语从句中含有插入语He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science. The Chinese government has decided to develop the west of China, which, I dare say, will benefit the people there, especially those who are still leading a poor life. 【疑难剖析5】I think作插入语；I dare say作插入语。