1、Module 4 Great ScientistsSection Grammar&Writing被动语态和byv.ing形式第一板块单元语法1(教材 P32)Rice _ also _(grow)in many other Asian countries,and in some European countries like Italy.2(教材 P32)Yuan Longping was born and _(bring)up in China.3(教材 P32)As a boy he _(educate)in many schools and _(give)the nickname,“th
2、e student who asks questions”isgrownbroughtwas educatedwas given4(教材 P32)He thought there was only one way to do this_crossing different species of rice plant,and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.5(教材 P32)The results of his experime
3、nts _(publish)in China in 1966.bywere published6(教材 P32)In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and _(grow)in many parts of the country.7(教材 P32)The new hybrid rice _(develop)by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China.will be grownhas been developed一、被动语态英语中动
4、词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者可用 by 引出。被动语态主要用于当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。被动语态的一般构成：助动词 be及物动词的过去分词。1被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/are过去分词am/is/arebeing过去分词has/havebeen过去分词过去was/were过去分词was/werebeing过去分词had been过去分词将来shall/willbe过去分词shall/willhave been过去分词过去将来should/wouldbe过去分词
5、should/wouldhave been过去分词(2018天津卷)My washing machine is being repaired this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.我的洗衣机这周正在修理，所以我得用手洗衣服。(2016北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.这些学生一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功。(重庆卷)In my h
6、ometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。With many forests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth are washed away each year.因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。2“get过去分词”构成被动语态这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果，动作的执行者一般不指出来。The boy got hurt
7、when he was riding to school.那个男孩子骑车上学时受伤了。温馨提示没有被动语态的常见动词或动词短语：(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词(短语)有：have“有”；cost“花费”；lack“缺少”；own“拥有”；suit“适合”；hold“抓住”；fit“适合”；belong to“属于”；take part in“参加”。(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur“发生”；remain“剩下”；break out“爆发”；last“持续”；come out“出版”；come up“被
8、提出”；lose heart“失去信心”；date from/back to“追溯到”；run out“用完”。3被动语态的特殊情况(1)情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be过去分词This book must not be taken out of the library.本书不得带出图书馆。(2)感官动词(see，watch，hear，notice，listen to，look at)或使役动词 make 等后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，但变被动语态时，必须加上不定式符号 to。We often hear him play the guitar in the house.He is ofte
9、n heard to play the guitar by us in the house.我们经常听到他在房间里弹吉他。(3)主动形式表示被动意义的情况：系动词(feel，look，seem，taste，sound，become，turn，prove，get，grow 等)形容词，构成系表结构。This shirt feels much softer than that one.这件衬衫比那件摸起来柔软多了。表示主语的特征或特点的动词，如 write，sell，wash，cook等常用主动形式表示被动含义，这时常与副词 easily，well 等连用。This kind of cloth w
10、ashes well.这种布很好洗。His new novel sells well.他的新小说很畅销。二、byv.-ing 形式by 可以表示方法、方式、手段等，意为“通过方式，靠，凭”，后接 v.-ing 作宾语，构成“by doing”形式，常作为方式状语。(全国卷)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.只有增加 50%的医生，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。She learned English well b
11、y listening to the radio and reading aloud.她通过听收音机和大声朗读学好了英语。温馨提示by 的其他用法：(1)by交通工具的名词(名词前不加冠词，不变复数)，意为“通过，乘”。如：by car/bus/bike/plane 等。He goes to work by car every day.他每天开车去上班。(2)bythe具体的时间或度量名词，意为“按计算，按买(卖)”。如 by the day/hour/year/kilometer/dozen(按打)等。The bank calculates the interest on bills by
12、the day.银行按日计算利息。(3)by数量词，表升降、增减的程度。With production up by 60%，the company has had another excellent year.产量上升了百分之六十，这家公司今年的业绩非常好。.单句语法填空1(2018北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _(trap)in the mountains for two days.2(2016四川卷)The giant panda _(love)by people throughout the wor
13、ld.3(安徽卷)It is reported that a space station _(build)on the moon in years to come.had been trappedis lovedwill be built4(2019天津卷)Amy,as well as her brothers,_(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.5Look!The children _(take)good care of by their aunt.6The pen on the desk _(belon
14、g)to Peter,which _(write)well.7(2019重庆一中月考)Have you bought the book that _(sell)well these days?I think it is suitable for us teenagers.was givenare being takenbelongswritessells8The students were made _(hand)in their homework before class.9I opened a bank account after I made$1,000 by _(do)a part-t
15、ime job during the summer vacation.10(2016全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.to handdoingbe made.单句改错1The building，which looks beautiful,built by our school last year._2My father enjoys his spare time by reading newspapers or listen to the music._bui
16、lt 前加 waslistenlistening3That kind of cloth was washed well,so it won the welcome of housewives._4Great changes have been taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy._5I havent moved into my new house,for it is painted._去掉 was去掉 beenis 后加 being.语法与写作1当我加入他们时，他们正在讨论老师
17、提出的那个问题。The problem raised by the teacher _when I joined them.2截止到上个月月末，他新写的小说已被翻译成了英文。His newly written novel _by the end of last month.was being discussedhad been translated into English3校运动会将在下星期举行吗？_ the school sports meeting _ next week?4她通过大声朗读来练习发音。She practices pronunciation _.5这种布很容易洗而且穿起来很
18、舒服。The cloth _ and is comfortable to wear.Willbe heldby reading aloudwashes well/easily人物传记第二板块单元写作文体感知人物传记是记载人物生平事迹的一种文体。主要是写名人或伟人的生平以及事迹。因此，写人物传记时，要抓住其出生年月、主要事迹、人们的评论等进行叙述，一般按时间顺序来写。增分佳句.be born in.and died in.What impressed sb.most was that.Sb.is considered to be/as.;be regarded as.He lived a hap
19、py/hard life when he was young./He spent his childhood in.have a deep effect on.；be deeply affected by.receive/win the Nobel Prize for.encourage us/me to do sth.set a good example to us/me.devoted ones whole life to.and won.will always be remembered and regarded as a great.写作要求根据提示信息，写一篇 Steve Jobs(
20、史蒂夫乔布斯)的人物传记，100 词左右。姓名史蒂夫乔布斯(Steve Jobs)出生日期1955 年 2 月 24 日主要经历(1)1976 年，成立苹果公司(Apple Inc)(2)1985 年，乔布斯离开苹果公司(3)1997 年，回到苹果公司担任行政总裁(CEO)职位(4)2011 年 8 月 24 日，辞去苹果公司行政总裁职务(5)2011 年 10 月 5 日逝世主要成就乔布斯被视作 iPad，iPhone 等知名电子产品的缔造者，这些电子产品改变了现代通讯、娱乐乃至人们的生活方式审题谋篇项目结论体裁记叙文话题人物传记时态一般过去时为主人称第三人称词汇推敲出生于_担任_在岁时_电
21、子产品_通讯_娱乐_be born on/inserve as/work asat the age ofdigital productscommunicationentertainment遣词造句在 1976 年，他 21 岁时成立了苹果公司。一般表达：In 1976,he was 21 years old.At that time he set up Apple Inc.高级表达：(用状语从句升级)_In 1976,when he was 21 years old,he set up Apple Inc.史蒂夫乔布斯被视作 iPad，iPhone 等知名电子产品的缔造者。一般表达：Peopl
22、e all think Steve Jobs is the founder of iPad,iPhone and some other famous digital products.高级表达：(用被动语态和高级词汇 regard.as.升级)_Steve Jobs is regarded as the founder of iPad,iPhone and some other famous digital products.妙笔成篇_One possible version:Steve Jobs was born on February 24,1955.In 1976,when he was
23、 21 years old,he set up Apple Inc.Steve Jobs left Apple Inc in 1985 and twelve years later,in 1997 he returned and served as the CEO of Apple Inc.In 2011,he declared he would no longer serve as the CEO.On 5th,October,2011,he died at the age of 56.Steve Jobs is regarded as the founder of iPad,iPhone and some other famous digital products.These products have changed the way of modern communication and entertainment,even the lifestyle of people.word部分：请做：课时作业练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块
