1、Module 4 Great ScientistsSection Integrating Skills&Cultural Corner练读文 记词汇 学翻译1 教材助读先读通RocketsToday rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space.They are also used in firework displaysto celebrate great events，such as the end of the Olympic Games or the beginning
2、 of the new millennium in the year 2000.Rockets were probably invented by accidentabout 2,000 years ago.The Chinese had a form of gunpowderwhich was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make explosions during festivals.Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead ofexploding in i
3、t.The Chinese discovered that the gas escapingfrom the tube could lift it into the air.The idea of the rocket was born.The first military use of rockets was in 1232.The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.During the battle of Kaifeng,the Song army shot“arrows of flying fire”The tubes were attac
4、hed toa long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straightdirection.Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocket experiments in England,France and Italy.They were us
5、ed formilitary purposes.One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship.But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.Wan Hu,a Chinese government official，invented a flying chair.He attached two big kites to the chair,and 47 rocket
6、s to the kites.The rockets were lit，there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke.When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.No one knows what happened.Did Wan Hu die in the explosion?Or was he carried miles into space,becoming the worlds first astronaut？再记住 advanced adj.高级的；
7、先进的send.into space 把送入太空which we can use to send astronauts into space 是 which 引导的限制性定语从句，which 在从句中作 use 的宾语。firework displays 焰火表演great events 重大事件millenniummIlenimn.千年invent vt.发明；创造by accident 偶然by chance 偶然on purpose 故意地 which was put in bamboo tubes 是 which 引导的定语从句，which 在从句中作主语。throw.into.把扔进
8、里make explosions 制造爆炸jump out of 从中跳出来instead of 相反；而不是 escapeIskeIpvi.逃跑；逃避现在分词短语 escaping from the tube 作定语，修饰 the gas。at war with 与交战at peace with 与和平共处shoot v射中shoot at 向射击(不强调射中)be attached to 被拴/捆到上keep.doing.使一直做doing 作宾补，表示动作正在进行或者持续进行。straightstreItadj.直的in a straight direction 沿直线方向which h
9、elped keep the rocket moving.是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 a long stick，which 在从句中作主语。how to.作 learned 的宾语。It is possible that.是可能的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。be used for 被用作over the surface of 在表面之上hit v(hit，hit)击中which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 a roc
10、ket。not everybody 表示部分否定。a Chinese government official 是 Wan Hu 的同位语。动名词 flying 作定语，修饰 chair，表示 chair 的用途。light v(lit，lit)点燃 thick smoke 浓烟clearklIvi.(烟雾)消散disappear vi.消失不用于被动语态。what happened 作 knows 的宾语。现在分词短语 becoming the worlds.作结果状语。再翻译火箭今天，火箭是我们用来将宇航员送入太空的非常先进的机器。它们也被用在庆祝重大事件的焰火表演中，像奥运会的闭幕式或 2
11、000 年新千年的开始。火箭可能是大约两千年前被偶然发明出来的。中国人有一种装在竹管里的火药，这种火药是节日中被用来扔进火里爆炸的。可能一些竹管从火堆里蹿了出来，而不是在里面炸开。中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。于是关于火箭的想法诞生了。火箭第一次被用于军事是在 1232 年。那时宋朝正与蒙古作战。在开封战役中，宋军射出了“飞火箭”。这些竹管被绑到一根长棍上，这根长棍可帮助火箭沿笔直的方向飞行。不久，蒙古人学会了怎样自己制造火箭，并且可能是他们将其引入欧洲的。在 13 世纪到 15 世纪期间，在英国、法国和意大利有很多关于火箭的实验。它们用于军事目的。一位意大利科学家甚至发明
12、了一种可以飞过水面打中敌舰的火箭。但并不是每个人都想将火箭用于战争。一个名叫万户的中国官员发明了一种“飞椅”。他把两个大风筝绑到椅子上，又把 47个火箭绑到风筝上。火箭被点燃了，发生了巨大的爆炸，出现了厚厚的浓烟。当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。没有人知道发生了什么。万户被炸死了？还是他被载入了数英里远的太空而成为世界上第一个宇航员了呢？通语篇 学理解 重分析2 语篇理解Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.1Of the uses of the rockets,which o
13、ne is NOT mentioned?AIn battles.BIn firework displays.CIn sending visitors into space.DIn the military.2Rockets were probably invented _ about 2,000 years ago.Ain surpriseBon purposeCby chanceDby mistake3One Italian scientist invented a rocket which _.Acould fly into the skyBcould hit the enemys hor
14、seCcould fly over the surface of waterDcould clear the cloud in the air4Whats the topic of the text?AThe dangers of rockets.BThe development of rockets.CThe advantages of rockets.DThe invention of rockets.答案：14 CCCB记单词 记短语 记句型3 基础梳理记住新知识重点词汇基础词汇1._ n生涯；经历2._ adv.部分地；在一定程度上3._ adj.身体的4._ vi.逃跑；逃避5._
15、adj.直的6._ vi.(烟雾)消散careerpartlyphysicalescapestraightclear记住新知识重 点词汇拓 展词汇7._ adj.简短的；简洁的briefly adv.简要地；扼要地8._ vi.毕业graduation n毕业9._ adj.个人的personally adv.就自己而言personality n性格；个性；人格10._ n相对论relative nC亲戚；相关物 adj.相对的；比较的relatively adv.相对地；比较而言11._ vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸；爆炸声briefgraduatepersonalrelativit
16、yexplode记住新知识重点词汇阅读词汇12.best-seller n_13.diagnose vt._14.victim n._15.brilliant adj._16.rocket n._17.millennium n._18.gunpowder n._19.arrow n._畅销书(或唱片等)诊断受害者聪颖的；才华横溢的火箭千年火药(弓)箭记住新知识重点短语1_因而出名/闻名2_谋生3_掌权4_在领域5_偶然地6_与交战be known forearn ones livingcome to powerin the area ofby accidentbe at war with记住新
17、知识重点句型1.现在分词短语作让步状语_(尽管行动靠轮椅，讲话靠特殊的电脑)，he has become the voice of science.2keep宾语宾补The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped _(使 火 箭 移 动)in a straight direction.Moving in a wheelchair and speaking through a special keep the rocket movingcomputer记住新知识重点句型3疑问词to doSoon the Mongols learned _
18、(如何制造)rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.4部分否定But _(并不是所有的人)wanted to use rockets in battles.5现在分词短语作结果状语Or was he carried miles into space,_(成为世界上第一位宇航员)?how to makenot everybodybecoming the worlds firstastronaut研词汇 析句型 练拓展4 要点透析1be known for(be famous for)因而出
19、名/闻名(教材 P36)What is Einstein known for?爱因斯坦因何而出名？归纳拓展be known/famous as作为而出名be known to sb.被所知/熟知基础训练单句语法填空Her mother is known _ her cooking.She was known _ a campus singer when she was a middle school student.The singer is known _ the younger generation.forasto2brief adj.简短的；简洁的 n摘要；大纲(教材 P36)His b
20、ook A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and is still a best-seller.他的著作时间简史于 1988 年发表，直到现在还是一本畅销书。归纳拓展(1)in brief总之；简短地to be brief简单地说(用作插入语)(2)briefly adv.简要地；扼要地温馨提示表示“总之”的短语还有：in short；in a word；in a nutshell。基础训练单句语法填空a.His success was a long story，but _ brief，he succeeded after many f
21、ailures.b_ be brief，she was happy with that result.Would you please _(brief)introduce yourself?inTobriefly3come to power 掌权；上台(教材 P37)left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US在希特勒掌权时离开了德国去美国工作归纳拓展(1)in power当权的；掌权的(表示状态)in/within ones power为某人力所能及beyond/out of ones power为某人力所
22、不能及(2)take/seize power当权；执政(3)have the power to do sth.有做某事的能力温馨提示come to power 与 be in power 都表示“掌权”，但前者表示动作，不能与时间段连用；后者表示状态，可以与时间段连用。能力提升完成句子这一届政府是经过上次大选后上台执政的。This government _ at the last election.这份工作大大超出了我的能力。我下定决心放弃。This job is quite _ my power.Im determined to give it up.我将尽我的力量帮助你。I will _
23、you.came to powerbeyond/out ofdo everything in/within my power to help巧学活用用 power 的相关短语完成小片段The CCP _ in 1949.In other words，it has been _ for 70 years.I believe the Party is _ to make our country richer.中国共产党 1949 年开始执政。换句话说，它执政已经 70 年了。我相信党有能力使我们国家更富强。came to powerin powerin/within its power4escap
24、e v逃脱；逃避；被遗忘 n逃脱(教材 P39)The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。归纳拓展(1)make ones escape逃跑have a narrow escape九死一生(2)escape(doing)sth.避免(做)某事escape from/out of.从逃跑/逃走escape ones attention/notice逃过某人的注意；被某人遗忘基础训练单句语法填空Whoever break
25、s the law wont escape _(punish)You were lucky to have _ narrow escape when a car ran towards you.punishment/being punisheda能力提升完成句子火势蔓延得很快，但幸运的是所有的人都设法从燃烧的房子里逃了出来。The fire spread quickly,but luckily all the people managed _.昨天我碰见了我以前的同学，但是我记不起来他的名字了，这让我很尴尬。Yesterday I came across my former classmate
26、,but _,which made me embarrassed.to escape from/out of the burning househis name escaped me5clear vi.(烟雾)消散 vt.清除；收拾 adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清楚的(教材 P39)When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。归纳拓展(1)clear away扫除；收拾；消失clear up整理；收拾；消除(误会、疑虑等)；(天)放晴(2)make.clear清楚表明；讲清楚(3)
27、It is clear that.很显然(4)clearly adv.清晰地；明显地；明白地基础训练单句语法填空The water was so _(clearly)that we could see the bottom of the lake.a.They cleared _ the misunderstanding and made up.bAfter supper，my younger brother often helps Mother clear _ the dishes.(江苏卷)_ was never clear why the man hadnt reported the a
28、ccident sooner.clearupawayIt(教材 P39)The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.这些竹管被绑到一根长棍上，这根长棍可帮助火箭沿笔直的方向飞行。句中的 keep the rocket moving 为“keep宾语宾补”结构。意为“使继续处于某种状态”，keep 为使役动词。归纳拓展1keep宾语名词/形容词/副词/介词短语2keep宾语现在分词3keep宾语过去分词温馨提示在“keep宾语分词”结构中，如
29、果宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语用现在分词；如果宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，宾语补足语用过去分词。高考中常考的可以接过去分词或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词还有：find,leave,feel,see,hear,have,get 等。基础训练单句语法填空He kept his eyes _(close)and stayed where he was.Dont keep the water _(run)when you wash your hands;it is a waste.Please remain seated and keep your seat belts
30、 _(fasten)closedrunningfastened能力提升完成句子孩子们被要求保持教室的秩序。Children are requested _.to keep the classroom in order随堂练 固基础 夯根基5 随堂训练.单词拼写1As is known to us all,light travels in _(直的)lines.2We had to wait on the freeway until the thick fog _(放晴)at last.3He began to teach in our school after he _(毕业)from a f
31、amous university in 2019.4Regular exercise every day keeps him in good _(身体的)condition.straightclearedgraduatedphysical5A bomb _(爆炸)near a supermarket shocked the people in it.6The hunter tried to _(逃跑)from the forest,but he lost his way.7We had a _(简短的)conversation in a hurry and then separated.8Al
32、l the _(受害者)of the floods were well cared for by the local governments.explodingescapebriefvictims.完成句子1别让我等太久。Dont _ for too long.2我匆忙赶到教授家，却发现他出去了。I hurried to Professors house,_.3雪下了一个星期，导致整个地区交通严重混乱。The snow lasted a week,_ in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.keep me waitingonly to
33、find he was outresulting4如果天气放晴，我们可以出去散步。If the weather _,we can go out for a walk.5如果违法了，任何人都不能逃脱惩罚。No one can escape _ if he breaks the law.clears uppunishment/being punished.课文语篇改错The first military use of rockets was in 1232.The Song Dynasty was at the war with the Mongols.During the battle of K
34、aifeng,the Song army shot“arrows of flown fire”The tubes were attached on a long stick which helped keep the rocket move in a straight direction.Soon the Mongols learned how make rockets themselves and it is possibly that they introduced them to Europe.Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were
35、many rockets experiments in England,France and Italy.It were used for military purposes.One Italian scientist even invents a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit a enemy ship.答案：The first military use of rockets was in 1232.The Song Dynasty was at the war with the Mongols.Duri
36、ng the battle of Kaifeng,the Song army shot“arrows of flownflying fire”The tubes were attached onto a long stick which helped keep the rocket movemoving in a straight direction.Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possiblypossible that they introduced them to Europe.Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocketsrocket experiments in England,France and Italy.ItThey were used for military purposes.One Italian scientist even inventsinvented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit aan enemy ship.word部分：请做：6 课时作业练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块