1、课时作业22The United Kingdom.阅读理解AAny foreigner who has tried to learn Chinese can tell how hard it is to master the tones required to speak and understand. And anyone who has tried to learn to play the violin or other instruments can report similar challenges.Now researchers have found that people with
2、 musical training have an easier time learning Chinese. Writing in the online edition of Nature Neuroscience, researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills draw on the same parts of the brain that help people discover changes in pitch (音调)One of the studys authors, Nina Kraus, said t
3、he findings suggested that studying music “actually tunes our sensory system”. This means that schools that want children to do well in languages should hesitate before cutting music programs, Dr Kraus said. She said music training might also help children with language problems.Mandarin (普通话) speak
4、ers have been shown to have a more complex encoding (编码) of pitch patterns in their brains than English speakers do. This is because in Mandarin and other Asian languages, pitch plays a central role. A singlesyllable word can have several meanings depending on how it is intoned.For this study, the r
5、esearchers looked at 20 nonChinese speaking volunteers, half with no musical background and half who have studied an instrument for at least six years.As they were shown a movie, the volunteers also heard an audio tape of the Mandarin word “mi” in three of its meanings: squint, bewilder and rice. Th
6、e researchers recorded activities in their brain stems to see how well they were processing the sounds. Those with a music background showed much more brain activities in response to the Chinese sounds.The lead author of the study, Patrick CM.Wong, said it might work both ways. It appears that nativ
7、e speakers of tonal languages may do better at learning instruments.本文是一篇说明文。任何一个学过汉语的外国人都知道掌握说话和理解所需要的声调有多难。目前有研究人员发现，受过音乐训练的人学习语言更容易。1When learning Chinese, a foreigner will find _.Ahe has a difficult time learning music at the same timeBhe has an easier time learning music at the same timeCit is
8、hard to master the tones required to speak and understandDit is easy to use the brain to help him discover changes in pitch答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中Any foreigner who has tried to learn Chinese can tell how hard it is to master the tones required to speak and understand.可知，任何一个学过汉语的外国人都知道掌握说话和理解所需要的声调有多难。故
9、选C项。2Why does Chinese learning have something to do with music training?ABecause there is the same difficulty in learning Chinese and music.BBecause skills to learn the two make use of the same parts of the brain.CBecause music training might help people with language study.DBecause people who do we
10、ll in Chinese study do well in music.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills draw on the same parts of the brain that help people discover changes in pitch.可知，学习汉语和音乐训练用到的是都是大脑相同的部位。这些部位有助于帮助人们发现音调中的变化。故学习汉语和音乐训练有关系。所以为什么中文学习与音乐训练有关是因为学习两种技能需要用到大脑相同的部位。故选B项。3
11、The underlined word “intoned” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by the word “_”Acreated BspelledCseemed Dpronounced答案：D解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中This is because in Mandarin and other Asian languages, pitch plays a central role. A singlesyllable word can have several meanings depending on how it is intone
12、d.可知，在普通话和其他亚洲语言中，音调起着中心作用。对一个单音节词而言，当人们对这个词发出不同的音调时，那么，这个词就表达出不同的意思。在第六段中以“mi”为例，这个词不同的音调就代表着不同的意思。故画线单词表达的应是人们对一个单音节词的“发音”，故选D项。BLM.Pei, the ChineseAmerican, who was regarded as one of the last great modernist architects, has died at the age of 102.Although he worked mostly in the United States, P
13、ei will always be remembered for a European project: His redevelopment of the Louvre Museum in Paris in the 1980s. He gave us the glass and metal pyramid in the main courtyard, along with three smaller pyraminds and a vast subterranean (地下的) addition to the museum entrance.Pei was the first foreign
14、architect to work on the Louvre in its long history, and initially his designs were fiercely opposed. But in the end, the Frenchand everyone elsewere won over. Winning the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1983, he was thought of as giving the 20th century “some of its most beautiful interior spa
15、ces and exterior forms.His_versatility_and_skill_in_the_use_of_materials_approach_the_level_of_poetry”After studying architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Pei set up his own architectural practice in New York in 1955.Designing the John FKennedy Presidential Library &
16、 Museum in 1964 established him as a name. His East Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington in 1978 changed peoples ideas of a museum. The site was an odd trapezoid (梯形) shape. Peis solution was to cut it in two. The resulting building was dramatic, light and elegantone of the first cr
17、owdpleasing museums of modern art.Though known as a modernist, and notable for his forms based on arrangements of simple geometric (几何的) shapes, he once urged Chinese architects to look more to their architectural tradition rather than designing in a western style.In person, LM.Pei was goodhumored,
18、charming and unusually modest. His working process was evolutionary, but innovation (创新) was never an intended goal.“Stylistic originality is not my purpose，” he said. “I want to find the originality in the time, the place and the problem.”本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了贝聿铭在建筑艺术方面所取得的成就。4What can we learn about the
19、 result of redevelopment of the Louvre Museum?AIt was criticized by the French.BIt was a success.CIt made the Louvre Museum look strange.DIt changed the function of the Louvre Museum.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“But in the end, the Frenchand everyone elsewere won over”可知，最终，法国人以及全世界都被(他的精妙设计)折服，所以贝聿铭对巴黎卢浮
20、宫进行的改建是成功的。故选B。5What can we learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?AHe is a master in applying materials.BHe is skilled in writing poems.CHe often combines poetry and construction.DHe gets inspiration from poetry in designing.答案：A解析：句意理解题。画线部分意为“他在使用(建筑)材料方面的才华和技艺达到了诗一般的境界”。A项意为“他在应用材料方面是
21、一个大师”，与画线部分意思相吻合，故选A。6Whats the correct order of the following events?aDesign the John FKennedy Presidential Library & Museum.bStudy architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard.cDesign the National Gallery of Art.dWin the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize.Aabcd BbacdCbcad D
22、dacb答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章的第三至五段可知，在麻省理工学院和哈佛学习建筑发生在1955年之前，为John FKennedy Presidential Library & Museum做设计发生在1964年，设计华盛顿国家美术馆东馆是在1978年，赢得第五届普利兹克建筑奖在1983年。故选B。7What can we learn about LM.Pei?AInnovation was his first goal in design.BHe was talented and serious.CHe preferred western style to the east.DHe
23、liked simple geometric shapes.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“Though known as a modernist, and notable for his forms based on arrangements of simple geometric (几何的) shapes, he once urged Chinese architects to look more to their architectural tradition rather than designing in a western style”可知，贝聿铭设计的建筑外形都以简
24、单的几何图形为基础，故他喜欢用简单的几何图形。故选D。.完形填空I was cycling and noticed a person, about a quarter of a kilometer in front of me. I could tell he was cycling a little slower than me and _1_ to try to catch up with him. I had about a kilometer to go on the road _2_ turning off.So I _3_ cycling faster and faster and
25、 every _4_， I was gaining on him just a little bit. After just a few minutes I was only about 100 yards _5_ him, so I really picked up the pace and _6_ myself. You would have _7_ I was cycling in the last section of the London Olympic triathlon._8_ I caught up with him and passed by him. On the insi
26、de I felt so good. I beat him, of course, but he didnt even know we were _9_.After I passed him, I _10_ that I had been so focused on competing against him that I had missed my turn. I had gone nearly six blocks past it and had to turn around and go all the way back.Isnt that what happens in life wh
27、en we _11_ competing with coworkers, neighbors, and friends, trying to prove that we are more successful or more important? We spend our time and _12_ chasing after them and we miss out on our own paths to our future.The _13_ of unhealthy competition is that its a neverending cycle. And there will a
28、lways be somebody ahead of you, someone with a _14_ job, more money and more education, etc.Therefore, just take what life has given you, your height, weight and personality. Stay focused and live a peaceful life. Theres no _15_ in life. Run your own race and wish others well!有一次骑自行车时，我注意到前方不远处也有人在骑
29、车。为了超过前面的人，我加快了骑车速度，之后虽然赶上了他，却错过了自己的转弯处。人生也是如此，不要总是关注和同事、邻居、朋友之间的竞争，总会有人比你有更好的工作、更多的钱、接受更多的教育。走好自己的路，人生本没有“竞争”。1A.failed BdecidedCagreed Dforgot答案：B解析：根据语境和第8空后的“I caught up with him”可知，我看到前面有一个骑自行车的人比我骑得慢，我决定追上他。2A.before BafterCunless Dwhen答案：A解析：根据下文“我”错过转弯处要原路返回可知，此处表示在转弯之前，我还要走大约一公里。3A.stopped
30、BenjoyedCstarted Dregretted答案：C解析：根据上文可知，我想赶上前面骑自行车的人，所以我开始越骑越快。4A.way BblockCstep Dtime答案：B解析：根据下文第四段尾句中的“six blocks”并结合常识可知，每经过一个街区，我都接近他一点。5A.apart from BaboveCahead of Dbehind答案：D解析：根据上文我渐渐接近他可知，几分钟后，我只距离他身后大约100码。6A.comforted BprotectedCpushed Dsupported答案：C解析：根据语境可知，几分钟后，我只落后他100码左右，所以我加快了速度，给
31、自己加把劲。push oneself意为“给某人加把劲”。7A.thought BrememberedCdreamt Dhoped答案：A解析：根据上文我追赶前面骑自行车的人的内容可知，此处表示你会以为我是在伦敦奥运会铁人三项赛的最后一段比赛中骑自行车。8A.Apparently BSurprisinglyCFortunately DFinally答案：D解析：根据上文我努力加快骑车速度要赶上前面的人可知，此处表示我终于赶上并超过了他。9A.racing BexercisingCcelebrating Dcycling答案：A解析：根据语境可知，我是暗中加快速度超过一个偶然遇到的人，所以此处表
32、示他不知道我们在比赛。A项意为“比赛”，故A项正确。10A.believed BexpectedCrealized Dunderstood答案：C解析：根据语境和下文作者要原路返回可知，超过他后，我才意识到我太关注和他之间的竞赛，错过了拐弯的地方。11A.worry about Bcare forCdepend on Dfocus on答案：D解析：根据第四段第一句中的“focused on”并结合语境可知，此处表示在生活中我们也是专注于与同事、邻居和朋友之间的竞争，试图证明我们更成功或更重要。12A.tears BmoneyCenergy Dpain答案：C解析：根据该句中的“our tim
33、e and”并结合常识可知，此处表示我们花费时间和精力追赶他人，而错过了自己的未来之路。13A.task BdifficultyCproblem Dgoal答案：C解析：根据该句中的“unhealthy competition”和空后一句可推知，不良竞争的问题在于那无穷尽的循环。14A.steady BsuitableCtemporary Dbetter答案：D解析：根据该句中的“more money and more education”可知，空处应为形容词比较级形式。此处表示总会有人在你的前面，他们有更好的工作、更多的钱、受过更多的教育等等。15A.mistake BcompetitionCpressure Dchallenge答案：B 解析：根据空后一句可知，参加你自己的赛跑，同时祝福别人；又结合本文的主题“竞争”可知，此处表示生活中没有竞争