1、GrammarUnit 2 Robots231、掌握和应用动词不定式的被动语态。2、活学活用，提升语法理解能力。3、培养解决难题的能力。首先通过下定义、列表格、举例子等形式让学生们充分理解和掌握动词不定式的语法规则。在此基础上让学生通过观察图片造句子，并填空，活学活用。最后精选一些习题让学生当堂完成，进行检测。本节课是非谓语动词中的不定式，不定式是高考的重点和难点，也是书面表达中常用的句型，鉴于此，本节课采用讲练结合的形式，力争把不定式这个知识点讲透。不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示
2、。不定式被动式讲与练语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto havebeen done进行式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。1)He seems to know this.2)I hope to see you again.=I hope thatI
3、ll see you again.1.现在时 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。1)Im sorry to have given you so muchtrouble.2)He seems to have caught a cold.强调动作已在延续或动作正在进行。1)They seem to be getting along well with their new jobs.2)He seems to be eating something.2.完成时 3.进行时 表示动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前就一直在进行。1)They are said to have been collect
4、ingstamps for over twenty years.2)He appears to have been waiting along time.4.完成进行时 不定式的被动形式有下列用法:(1)作主语：It is an honour for me to be asked tospeak here.(2)作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。(3)构成复合宾语：1)He wanted the letter to be typed atonce.2)She
5、didnt like herself to be praisedlike that.(4)构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be takenout of the room.(5)作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be heldin the teachers office?(6)作状语：She was too young to be assigned suchwork.二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：1)It is a good thing for him
6、 to have beencriticized.（主语）2)She preferred to have been givenheavier work to do.(宾语)3)He thought it an honour to have beeninvited to the party.（复合宾语）4)The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages.（复合谓语）5)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.（定语）三、不定式的主动形式表示被动 1
7、.在there be结构中。例如：1）There is a lot of homework to do(也可用to be done)2）There is no time to lose(to be lost).常用的形容词有:easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。例如：1）He is hard to convince.2）He is an impossible person to work with2.在“npro
8、n+be+adj+to do”结构中。3.在“tooto do;enoughto”结构中。例如：1)The problem is too difficult to work out(to be worked out)2)The house is big enough to live in.4.在“with+n+to do”结构中。例如：1)With nothing to do,he lay in bed2)With so many exercises to do,I cant go to the cinema5.当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。例如：1）I have a letter to t
9、ype today2）Do you have anything to say?(I是to type的逻辑主语)(you是to say的逻辑主语)6.当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。1)This is the best book to read(=for usyou to read)2)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租),rent,hire,blame等。1)The house is to let2)I felt
10、 I was to blame.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。例如：1）I have three motors to repair today.2）The task is difficult to finish on time.1.The dishes need 2.The mail is intendedSentence makingwashsendto be washed.to be sent.3.The singer refused4.The house isphotographse
11、llto be photographed.to be sold.5.The wall is expectedpaintto be painted.frighten6.The bird seemsto be frightened.1.She hates _ by her classmates.2.Tim refused _ by his father to school.3.She struggled _ by the French visitors.to be accompaniedto be understoodFill in the blanksaccompany understand e
12、nvylaughed at discuss testto be laughed at4.These are the issues _ tomorrow.5.The new drug is _ out on 500 patients next year.6.She was very beautiful but she didnt like _ by all the girls she met.to be testedto be enviedto be discussedaccompany understand envylaughed at discuss test1.Old McDonald g
13、ave up smoking for awhile,but soon _ to his old ways.A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned2.In some parts of the world,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served3.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _ well and _ already.A.sell,have been sold out B.sold,h
14、ad sold out C.sell,sell out D.are sold,have been sold out4.The train _ arrive at 11:30,but itwas an hour late.A.was about to B.was likely to C.was supposed to D.was certain to5.This dictionary mustnt _ from the library.A.take away B.taken away C.are taken away D.be taken away6.My shoes _.I went out
15、for a new pair.A.is worn out B.wore out C.were worn off D.were worn out 7.That kind of shirts _ cotton.A.is made from B.are made from C.is made of D.are made of8.Rice _ in South China.A.growing B.is grown C.are grown D.is grow9.All the preparations for the task _,and were ready to start.A.completed
16、B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed10.The teacher told his students that they _ to be useful men to the country.A.were all expected B.were all expecting C.all were expected D.all expected11.Some of the hotels in my hometown _.A.have now been rebuilding B.are now rebuilding C.are now being rebuilt D.are rebuilt now
