1、Section Introduction & Reading and VocabularyLanguage Points staten状态；状况；形势；州，国家，政府 vt.陈述，声明(教材P2)Antarctica holds 90% of the worlds ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course.南极洲拥有世界90%的冰，当然其大部分淡水 (70%)都处于一种冰冻状态。(1)in the state of./in a (n).state处于的状态in a good/bad state情
2、况好/糟(2)It is stated that.据称/据说(3)statement n.声明；陈述France is one of the member states of the European Union.法国是欧盟的成员国之一。The witness stated that she had never seen Mr. Smith before.证人声称她以前从未见过史密斯先生。即学即练单句语法填空 (2016浙江卷6月)In this article, you need to back up general statements (state) with specific exam
3、ples. (山东卷)Although the company showed no sign of declining, it was generally in an unhealthy state.It is stated that six passengers were killed in the accident that happened at the cross of the road. adapt to (使)适应， (使)适合(教材P2)Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme con
4、ditions.但南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了这里极其恶劣的条件。(1)adapt oneself to.使自己适应或习惯(2)adapt.for.使适合于；改编，改写adapt from.根据改写/改编 (2017江苏卷)Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.人类将继续以既普通又令人吃惊的方式适应正在变化的气候。To leave your homeland and adapt to an unfamiliar place
5、 where the culture and language are completely different is a challenge.离开祖国去适应一个文化和语言都完全不同的陌生之地是一种挑战。即学即练单句语法填空 (浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.This new film Youth is said to be adapted from a novel by Yan Geling, many of whose novels also have
6、been adapted for television so far. (江西卷)To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourselves to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.链接写作完成句子/句式升级 (普通表达) (福建卷)The culture made it difficult for him to adapt to (使得他很难适应) the new environment abroad. (高级表达)It was the culture t
7、hat made it difficult for him to adapt to the new environment abroad(强调句)比较adapt和adopt：adapt根义 (使)适合多义adopt根义选取多义 trapv储存，留存；使落入圈套 (或困境)n陷阱；诡计；困境(教材P2)Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages.以火山灰的形式封冻进
8、冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。(1)be/get trapped in被困在中trap sb.into (doing) sth.诱骗某人做某事(2)set a trap for为设下圈套fall into/be caught in a trap掉进陷阱；落入圈套The liar trapped me into believing his story.这个骗子诱骗我相信他的故事。 (牛津词典)She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。即学即练单句语
9、法填空 (2018北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who_had been trapped (trap) in the mountains for two days.a.Because of the greenhouse effect, the earth is warmed by gases trapped (trap) in the atmosphere.bThe bomb exploded, trapping (trap) victims in the building.After she returned
10、home, she found herself trapped into buying the useless medicines.链接写作完成句子/句式升级 (普通表达)Because he had been trapped in traffic (被交通所困), he was late for school. (高级表达)Trapped in traffic/Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for school(分词短语作状语)表示“被困于中”的短语还有：be/get caught in；be/get stuck in等。 stand
11、 out突出，显眼；卓越；杰出(教材P3)Since most Antarctic rocks are dark in colour, they stand out against the white background and are easy to identify and collect.因为南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，它们在白色冰雪的映衬下格外显眼， 也就易于识别和搜集。stand for代表；象征；容忍stand by袖手旁观；坚持；支持，遵守stand up站起来Our daughter is a great dancer. She stands out above the re
12、st.我们的女儿是一个优秀的舞者，她比其他舞者优秀。 (朗文辞典)Among mystery writers, PD. James stands out as a superior storyteller.在侦探小说作家中，P.D. James最突出，是讲故事的高手。链接写作完成句子 (湖北卷)这栋刷着红漆的楼非常美观，在楼群中很显眼，看起来很吸引人。Having been painted red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.当你遇到别人有麻烦的时候，不要只是袖手旁观。Dont just s
13、tand by when you come across someone in trouble.你知道东京奥运会吉祥物代表什么吗？Do you know what Tokyo Olympic mascots stand for? balancevt.& vi(使)平衡， (使)均衡；权衡，比较n平衡；天平，秤(教材P3)But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in th
14、e north.但在两千多年以前，希腊的地理学家就认为在南边有一大块与北边的陆地相平衡的大陆。(1)balance.with.使和平衡balance.against.比较 (两个相对的事物)；权衡重要性(2)keep ones balance保持平衡lose ones balance失去平衡have/keep a balance between.and.保持之间的平衡(3)balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的a balanced diet均衡饮食Hobbies help people balance between work and play.业余爱好有助于人们平衡工作和娱乐。I thin
15、k its important to have a balance between study and a social life, so Im going to join a few clubs.我认为保持学习和社交的平衡很重要，所以我打算参加几个俱乐部。即学即练单句语法填空You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced (balance) diet to sa
16、tisfy their nutritional needs.链接写作完成句子 (天津卷)你太努力工作了，你最好工作和放松保持平衡。You are working too hard. Youd better keep a balance between work and relaxation (湖北卷)这个男孩在追赶他哥哥的时候失去平衡，重重地摔了一跤。When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.当你过这座狭窄的桥时，一定要保持平衡。When you cross the nar
17、row bridge, you must keep your balance promotev增进，促进；提升，晋升；宣传，推广，推销 (商品等)(教材P3)In particular, it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste; to promote international scientific projects; and to end arguments about who owns the land.该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终
18、止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。一词多义写出下列句中的promote的含义 (江西卷) Not only did the mountainclimbing get us close to nature, it also promoted friendship between us.促进；增进 (安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.提升；晋升Advertising companies are always having to think up ne
19、w ways to promote products.推销；促销(1)promote sb(from sth.) to sth.把某人 (从某职位)提升到某职位(2)promotion n. 提升，晋升；晋级；促进 即学即练单句语法填空a(四川卷)More expressways will be built in Sichuan soon to promote (promote) the local economy.bBecause of his good performance, he was promoted (promote) to a higher position in the co
20、mpany.He got rapid promotion (promote) because of his good attitude towards work, and ended up as a manager. “with宾语宾补”结构(教材P2)With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert.南极洲年降水量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。句中的With annual rainfall close to zero是“with宾语宾补 (形容词短语)”结构，在句中作原因状语。 “with宾语
21、宾补” 结构在句中可作伴随状语、方式状语、原因状语、时间状语等，也可作后置定语。with复合结构的常见形式：(1)with宾语介词短语/形容词/副词(2)with宾语doing (表主动、进行)(3)with宾语done (表被动、完成)(4)with宾语to do (表将来) The children were skating with their faces red with cold.孩子们在滑冰，他们的脸都冻红了。The teacher with a book in his hand is our new English teacher.手里拿着书的那位老师是我们的新英语老师。即学即练
22、单句语法填空With so many people talking (talk) and laughing (laugh), I couldnt settle down to my work.With all the things she needed bought (buy), she went home happily.With so much work to do (do), we cant play outside any longer.在 “with宾语宾补” 结构中，用不定式作宾补时， 常用主动形式表示被动含义。 not until置于句首时，主句要部分倒装(教材P3)Not un
23、til the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.直到18世纪末， 英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈， 但他却从未发现任何陆地。本句为倒装句，not until置于句首时，主句要部分倒装，即“Not until从句did/does主语其他成分”，意为“直到才”。注意从句不倒装。(1)not.until/till.“直到才”，该句型中主句的谓语动词通常为非延续性动词，强调主句所表示的动作或情景一直到until/till所表
24、示的时间才发生。(2)until/till用于肯定句中，主句的谓语动词通常为延续性动词，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。(3)not until.的强调句型：It was/is not until.that.Not until I got to the station did I find my wallet lost.直到来到车站我才发现钱包丢了。I didnt realize the problem was so serious until/till she told me about it.直到她告诉我，我才意识到这个问题如此严重。即学即练单句语法填空/
25、单句改错a(2018天津卷)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.b(天津卷)Its difficult for us to learn a lesson in life until weve actually had that lesson. (2016江苏卷)Not until recently they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.
26、在recently后加did链接写作句式升级(普通表达) (2017天津卷)I didnt pursue my career as an actress until I finished my studies. (高级表达)Not until I finished my studies did I pursue my career as an actress(倒装句) (高级表达)It was not until I finished my studies that I pursued my career as an actress(强调句) 品句填词1The film won three a
27、wards at the annual (年度的) film festival.2Many people have come to realize that they should go on a balanced (均衡的) diet.3When I began my senior high school, I found it extremely (极端地) difficult to learn English well.4Many literary works become well received after they are adapted (改编) into films.5Res
28、cue workers are trying their best to save the miners trapped (困在) in the cave underground.6Chinese people usually have dinner with friends and relatives to further promote (促进) their relationship.7These creatures live in the depth (深处) of the Pacific Ocean.8She was in a state (状态) of shock for about
29、 two weeks after the accident.9Christopher Columbus is one of the most famous explorers (探险者) in history.10Shanghai, as a commercial (商业的) center in the east of China, attracts thousands of business people from all over the world every day. 单句改错1(福建卷)It was the culture, rather than the language, tha
30、t made it hard for him to adapt the new environment abroad. 在adapt后加to2With prices keep going up, it is sometimes difficult for us to make ends meet on our small income.keepkeeping3Not until his grandmother told him everything about his mother did Jack understood why his mother hadnt been back home
31、for years.understoodunderstand4It is said that nobody has ever set feet on the lonely island since then.feetfoot5Scientists say thousands of animals get trap in the floating waste, resulting in death or injury.traptrapped 课文语法填空Antarctica, the coldest place on Earth, is the fifth 1.largest (large) c
32、ontinent in the world. 98% of the surface is covered 2.permanently (permanent) in the ice cap. 3.On average the ice is two kilometres thick, but in some places it reaches a 4.depth (deep) of five kilometres. Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. The ice 5.t
33、hat/which has been there for thousands of years can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust 6.trapped (trap) in the ice can tell us a lot about 7.what_the worlds climate was like in past ages.James Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle in 8.the late
34、18th century. The first man 9.to set (set) foot on the mainland was a Norwegian. Now Antarctica 10.has been made (make) the worlds biggest nature reserve, which has become perhaps the most successful symbol of mans efforts to work together for progress and peace. 单句语法填空1Why could you pick out my sis
35、ter so easily in the crowd?Because she stood out in the bright red dress.2In fact English has always been_in a state of evolution and in recent years more and more phrases have entered the language.3Trapped (trap) in the burning building，many people could do nothing but wait.4(2019江苏启东中学高二期末)I went
36、along the street thinking nothing in particular, only looking (look) at things around me.5He was close to being killed (kill) yesterday. A car passed him at what he thought was a dangerous speed.6He has thought of a good idea for the promotion (promote) of his products.7(2019重庆南开中学高二月考)With all the
37、work finished (finish) ahead of time, I feel relaxed and very happy to be reading the papers.8Youll sound more polite if you make a request in the form of a question.9It was not until his father came back that he started doing his homework.10Some people can never go above 400 meters, because their b
38、odies are unable to adapt to these extreme conditions. 阅读理解AI was going to die in Antarctica. I was certain. An image of my frostcovered body, pale and lifeless, filled my mind as I glanced around. In all directions the empty wilderness of Antarctica stretched away from me, the only feature on the l
39、andscape being the division between snow and sky. I gazed sadly at my team. They were rapidly disappearing over the horizon.I was leading an expedition (探险队) attempting to reach the south pole. The team was made up of ordinary women from all around the worldfrom Jamaica, India, Singapore and Cyprusm
40、any of whom had never seen snow, or spent a night in a tent, before we set off. Our aim was to be the most international allfemale team to reach the South Pole.As I watched, the rest of the team had marched on, unaware that I was not with them. By the time I realised that my sledge was firmly stuck,
41、 the team were already a long way ahead of me. I called out to Era, my teammate from Brunei.“Era！Stop！”Getting no response I called again, but my shouts were carried away in the opposite direction by the wind. Seconds passed. Nothing. I was gradually being left alone, completely defenseless against
42、the fatally low temperatures of Antarctica.My strength increased when I thought of a cold, lonely death. I pulled again my sledge, which moved a little. I removed the ice with my skipole and boot, desperately trying to break the sledge free. The sledge shot forward, knocking me off balance. I strugg
43、led to my feet and set off after the team.I caught up just as Reena, my teammate from India, looked behind her and noticed there was one person missing. She swung around on her skis in shock and spotted me in the near distance.As we continued, my panic slowly faded. For the rest of the day each of t
44、he team was glancing over their shoulder every few minutes. They were not going to risk losing me again.【解题导语】本文讲述了“我”带领一个国际女子探险队在南极探险，途中“我”的雪橇被雪卡住，以致掉队。后来“我”经过努力，克服了危机，赶上了队伍。1What is special about the expedition team?AThey were all female.BThey were all professional.CThey made the longest expeditio
45、n.DThey had been strictly trained.A解析：细节理解题。从第二段内容可知作者带领的探险队是由来自世界各地普通妇女组成的，因此A项正确。2What made the author get her sledge out of the ice was _Athe shouts from her teammatesBher strong desire to liveCthe sudden change in wind directionDthe natural beauty aheadB解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，想到死亡使作者力量大增，从而将雪橇从冰雪里拔
46、了出来，因此可以说是强大的求生欲望解救了作者。3At last, each of the team members kept looking back to _Aavoid being attacked from behindBmake sure that none fell behindCcheck the distance they had coveredDkeep a record of the route they tookB解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，每个人不停地回头看是为了保证没有人掉队。4Which may be the best title of the pas
47、sage?AHow to Survive in AntarcticaBA Mysterious Trip to the South PoleCA Female ExpeditionDBeing Left Behind in the SnowD解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了作者在一次南极探险中由于掉队而差点发生危险的经历。B“We all know that exercise is good for us, but can you get the benefits without actually doing the exercise？”asks Michael Mosley.Having a
48、 hot bath or a sauna is a good way to soothe your arms and legs after exercise, but what happens if you do it instead of exercise? Dr. Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experiment comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard cy
49、cling.For this study I join a group of volunteers who have all been fitted with monitors which continuously record blood sugar levels. Keeping your blood sugar level within the normal range is an important measure of your “metabolic”fitness.The first part of the experiment is very relaxing, consisti
50、ng of having a long, hot bath. While I sit in the bath, which they keep at 40， Steve closely monitors my core temperature. Once it has risen and stayed there, I am allowed out.A couple of hours after my bath I have a light meal. Since we want to see how having a hot bath compares with exercise, we r
51、epeat the experiment.So whats the result?“One of the first things that we were looking at，”Steve says, “is the energy expenditure (消耗) while youre in the hot bath and what we found was an 80% increase in energy expenditure just as a result of sitting in the bath for the course of an hour.”This is no
52、thing like as many calories as cycling for an hour (which comes out at an average of 630 calories), but we do burn 140 calories, the equivalent of a brisk 30minute walk.【解题导语】实验发现，一个小时的热水浴虽然没有骑一个小时自行车所消耗的热量多，但其所消耗的热量相当于半个小时的快步走所消耗的热量。5What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2?AExerci
53、se. BStrengthen.CRelax. DBuild up.C解析：词义猜测题。结合该句内容和常识可知，在锻炼时，我们的腿和手臂肌肉比较紧张，洗热水澡或桑拿浴可以使这些部位的肌肉得到放松。故选C。6What is the purpose of the experiment?ATo compare energy expenditure of hot bath and cycling.BTo tell people how to lose weight.CTo show the benefit of hot bath.DTo encourage people to have a hot b
54、ath instead of cycling.A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Dr. Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experiment comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard cycling.”可知，做这个实验的目的是把洗热水澡和骑自行车的能量消耗的情况进行对比。故选A。7What does normal blood sugar level mean?AIt
55、 means you are healthy.BIt means your temperature is normal.CIt means you dont need exercise.DIt means your metabolic system is normal.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Keeping your blood sugar level within the normal range is an important measure of your metabolic fitness.”可知，保持正常范围内的血糖水平是代谢健康的一个重要衡量标准。据此可知，正常的代谢系
56、统与正常的血糖水平有关。故选D。8If you want to burn 600 calories, what can you do?AHave a hot bath for one hour.BCycle for one hour.CHave a brisk 60minute walk.DHave a brisk 30minute walk.B解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，如果要消耗600卡路里，应骑一个小时自行车。故选B。 七选五Everyone has someone whos wronged them in one way or another. Yet forgivenes
57、s is something you can achieve as long as you take the following steps.Decide you want to choose forgiveness.The first step toward achieving forgiveness is to decide its something you actually want to do, not something someone has pressured you into trying. 1._ Also forgiveness doesnt mean excusing
58、or forgetting an injustice, or returning to a relationship thats harmful.2_Its kind of a checklist: How are you doing in terms of your anger? How have you been denying it? Are you angrier than you thought you would be? 3._ Tiredness is the most common physical complaint, as is a pessimistic worldvie
59、wbelieving no one can be trusted or that everyone is only out for themselves. Once you look at those effects, the question becomes: Do you want to heal?Commit to forgiveness.Once you have completed stage two and seen how the effects of your anger have made you unhappy, theres a tendency to give this
60、 a try. In this stage, its important to commit yourself to doing no harm toward the person youre trying to forgive. That doesnt mean being good to them. 4._Consider the other persons wounds.The goal is to finally feel sympathy for the other person, but dont start there. 5._ How was that person hurt
61、in life? How were they treated unjustly? Were they so wounded that they wounded you? You dont do this to excuse their actions, but to see a scared person, maybe a confused person, someone who is not always right and allpowerful.AMake a list.BUncover your anger.CInstead, think about them in a new way
62、.DIt just means you dont do anything negative.EPeople should not be forced into forgiving.FWhat are the physical consequences of your anger?GOn the contrary, be committed to your own happiness.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了达到谅解的四个步骤。1E解析：根据空前的“not something someone has pressured you into trying”及选项E “People s
63、hould not be forced into forgiving.”可知答案。pressure sb. into doing与be forced into doing是近义短语。2B解析：本空是段落小标题，其他小标题都是祈使句，故可推知本空也应填一个祈使句，所以只有A、B、C和G项满足这个条件。该段通过几个连续的问题对“your anger”进行了剖析，即要“找出你的愤怒”，故选B项。3F解析：根据下文中的“Tiredness is the most common physical complaint”及选项F“What are the physical consequences of your anger？”可知，physical是重复出现的词，F项放在本空中，前后语义也是连贯的，所以选F。4D解析：空前的“That doesnt mean being good to them.”和选项D“It just means you dont do anything negative.”语意连贯，故选D项。5C解析：上文提到“The goal is.dont start there.”，可知本空应该是正确的开始，即用一种新的方式来思考这些人 (Instead, think about them in a new way.)，空后进一步提示如何去思考。
