1、高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书“人与自然和谐发展”是时代的主题，生态环保的话题也越来越多地出现在新试题中。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书一、题材特点生态环保类阅读理解是历年高考命题的热点，该类文章常涉及以下几个方面：1环境保护主要包括减少乱排乱放，不能过度放牧，不能过度开发自然资源，不能破坏生态平衡。2生态保护主要包括防止濒危物种灭绝，防止植被破坏以及防止土地退化，特别是防止沙漠化。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3环保生活方式主要包括节约能源和降低资源消耗，杜绝浪费，崇尚低碳生活方式。4人与自然和谐发展解决人类发展过程中与自然界
2、的矛盾，维护生态平衡，为人类创造可持续发展的环境。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书二、解题策略1读首句。生态环保类文章段落清楚，先读懂每段的首句以确保清楚文章的主要脉络。2读题目。读题目来确认每题所在的段落。3回查文章。找到所在段落后细读文章来确定答案。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书此外，应试生态环保类题目时，应重点突破推理判断题，常见类型有以下几种：(1)知识推断题根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出与原文相吻合的结论。(2)逻辑推断题根据文章所列举的事实、所阐述的观点得出符合文章意思的结论。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方
3、案 系 列 丛 书(3)对作者态度、倾向的推断题作者的倾向和感情往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中，因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书三、经典案例(2015四川阅读理解 D)Their cheery song brightensmany a winters day.But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.Robins are singing all night as well as during the day,Br
4、itish-based researchers say.David Dominoni,of Glasgow University,said that light from street lamps,takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds biological clocks,leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Dr Dominoni,who is putting cameras inside nesting
5、boxes to track sleeping patterns,said lack of sleep could put the birds health at risk.His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab,it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.And the more birds are exposed to light,the more active they are at night.He t
6、old people at a conference,“There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing.Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy.So by increasing their song output,there might be some costs of energy.”高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新
7、 方 案 系 列 丛 书And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal.Dr Dominoni said,“In Glasgow where I live,gulls are a serious problem.I have people coming to me saying You are the bird expert.Can you help us kill these gulls？.
8、During the breeding(繁殖)season,between April and June,they are very active at night and very noisy and people cant sleep.”Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution,other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud
9、noise.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书However,some birds thrive(兴 旺)in noisy environments.A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery.It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.42According to D
10、r Dominonis study,what causes robins to sing so much?AThe breeding season.BThe light in modern life.CThe dangerous environment.DThe noise from heavy machinery.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书43What is the researchers concern over the increase of birds song output?AThe environment might be polluted.BThe bi
11、rds health might be damaged.CThe industry cost might be increased.DThe peoples hearing might be affected.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书44What does the underlined word“nocturnal”in Paragraph 5 mean?AActive at night.BInactive at night.CActive during the day.DInactive during the day.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列
12、丛 书45Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?ABecause there are fewer dangers.BBecause there is more food to eat.CBecause there is less light pollution.DBecause there are more places to take shelter.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书1破解阅读障碍词(1)利用词缀法破解障碍词bright(adj.亮的)后缀-enbrighten(v.变亮)cost(n.价值)后缀-l
13、ycostly(adj.值钱的)noise(n.噪音)后缀-ynoisy(adj.有噪音的)(2)利用词性转换猜测词义nest n巢穴v.做巢track n踪迹 v.追踪高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2分析长难句译文：格拉斯哥大学的 David Dominoni，说，来自路灯、外卖标志和家庭的灯光正在影响鸟类的生物钟，导致它们应该睡着时却十分清醒。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3文章结构高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4技法分析42找词：题干中关键词为：sing so much。定位：第一、二段；第一段提出问题：sing so m
14、uch；第二段分析该问题的原因：来自都市的灯光影响了知更鸟的生物钟，让其唱个不停。故选 B。43定位：题干中的关键词语 song output 定位到第四段。详读：昼夜不停的唱歌消耗大量的能量。推理：根据第二、三句话可知，知更鸟鸣唱消耗能量，鸣唱过多对它的健康有害。故选 B。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书44语境猜词根据前面的句子，再结合上下文语境可知，不仅知更鸟在人工光照下会一直醒着。黑鹂和海鸥也正在变得。所以这里的 nocturnal 与前面的 awake 是近义词，是“夜间活跃的”意思。故选 A。45找词：题干中关键词为：thrive。定位：由题干中关键词语 thr
15、ive 定位到第七段。根据文章最后一句话可知，一些鸟类在嘈杂的环境中兴旺的原因是它们遭遇更少的天敌和危险。故选 A。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书A(2015南宁市高中毕业班适应性测试)Apparently everyone knows that global warming only makes climate more extreme.A hot,dry summer has caused another flood of such claims.And one of the players that benefit the most from this story
16、is the media:the idea of “extreme”climate simply makes for more exciting news.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Consider Paul Krugman writing breathlessly in TheNew York Times about the “rising incidence of extreme events”.He claims that global warming caused the current drought in Americas Midwest,and that
17、 supposedly record-high corn prices could cause a global food crisis(危机).But the United Nationss latest assessment tells us precisely the opposite there has an overall slight tendency toward less dryness in North America.Moreover,there is no way that Krugman could have identified this drought as bei
18、ng caused by global warming without a time machine since climate models estimate that such detection will be possible by 2048,at the earliest.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书And,fortunately,this years drought appears unlikely to cause a food crisis,as global rice and wheat supplies are plentiful.Moreover,
19、Krugman overlooks inflation(通货膨胀):prices have increased six-fold since 1969.So,the inflation-adjusted price of corn was higher throughout most of the 1970s.Finally,Krugman forgets that concerns about global warming are the main reason that corn prices have skyrocketed since 2005.Nowadays 40 percent
20、of corn grown in the United States is used to produce ethanol(乙醇),which raises the price of corn at the expense of many of the worlds poorest people.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Bill Mickbben similarly worries in The Guardian about the Midwest drought and corn prices.He confidently tells us that fierce
21、 wildfires from New Mexico and Colorado to Siberia are “exactly”what the early stages of global warming look like.In fact,the latest study on global wildfire suggests that fire incidence has declined over the past 70 years and is now close to its preindustrial level.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书When we
22、ll-meaning campaigners want us to pay attention to global warming,they often end up making overstatements.And exaggerated(夸张的)claims merely fuel public distrust and unconcern.That is unfortunate,because global warming is a real problem,and we do need to address it.语篇解读：本文主要驳斥 Krugman 关于全球变暖引起美国中西部干旱
23、、玉米涨价以及全球食品危机的夸张言论，但同时提出虽然其言论夸张但全球变暖已经成为了一个我们需要引起极大注意的问题。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书1In what way do the media benefit from extreme weather?AThey can give voice to different views.BThey can make themselves better known.CThey can choose from a greater variety of topics.DThey can attract peoples attenti
24、on to their reports.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“benefit the most from this story is the media:the idea of extreme climate simply makes for more exciting news.”可知这些媒体就是靠吸引人们的注意而获利，故选 D。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2What is the authors comment on Krugmans claim about the current drou
25、ght in Americas Midwest?AIt will eventually get proof in 2048.BIt is based on an erroneous climate model.CSo far there is no way to prove its validity.DA time machine is needed to tell if it is true.解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Moreover,there is no way that Krugman could have identified.”可知作者认为 Krugman 的论
26、断无法证明其真实性，故选 C。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3What is the chief reason for the rise in corn prices according to the author?AInflation rates have been skyrocketing since the 1970s.BA considerable part of corn is used to produce green fuel.CClimate change has caused corn supply to drop markedly.DDemand fo
27、r food has been rising in the developing countries.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Nowadays 40 percent of corn grown in the United States is used to produce ethanol(乙醇),which raises the price of corn(美国 40%的玉米被用来生产乙醇，这提高了玉米的价格)”可知一部分玉米被用来生产绿色燃料是导致其价格上涨的主因，故选 B。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列
28、 丛 书4What does the author think of the exaggerated claims in the media about global warming?AThey lead to public distrust about science.BThey create confusion about climate change.CThey are strategies to raise public awareness.DThey do a disservice to addressing the problem.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛
29、书解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And exaggerated(夸张的)claims merely fuel public distrust and unconcern.That is unfortunate,because global warming is a real problem,and we do need to address it.”可知，这种言论虽然夸大但全球变暖确实需要我们引起注意，故选 D。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书BThe fourth round of heavy smog to hit Beijing in four week
30、s has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory(呼吸的)illnesses and led to calls for laws to control the pollution.Pan Shiyi,a celebrity real estate developer said he is planning to propose(提案)a Clean Air Act to the local government.As a representative to the Beijing Municipal Peoples Congress
31、,he started an online survey at 9:20 a.m.Within three hours,more than 25，000 web users,or 99 percent of total respondents(应答者),welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo,Chinas Twitter.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书They have good reasons to stand alongside Pan.The latest round of haze(雾霾)reduced visibility to
32、under 500 meters in many parts of the city.The smog has also led to a great increase in respiratory illnesses,particularly among children and the elderly.Anxious parents and doctors almost all blame the smoggy air for the illnesses.Though most schoolchildren are home for the winter holidays,the bad
33、air can easily move indoors.Besides,ordinary medical masks fail to provide adequate protection,so some people have turned to gas masks and respirators(呼吸器).高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书The causes of the scary smog are rather mysterious,though experts blame excessive(过度的)emissions(排放)and the mountains a
34、round Beijing that trap pollution in winter,unless there is adequate wind to clear it away.Some critics have pointed fingers at Chinas top two oil firms,China National Petroleum Corp and China Petrochemical Corporation,saying the companies outdated production technologies produce large quantities of
35、 substandard,high-polluting gas fuel.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Meanwhile,concerned Beijingers have moved their brainstorming sessions to cyberspace.If Pans proposal for a Clean Air Act is adopted,netizens say the new law should include items providing for“car-free days”in times of smog,higher standa
36、rds for vehicle fuel,stricter restrictions on industrial and exhaust gas emissions,and more effective protection for the public.Beijing is not the only city that has ever lost the blue sky.Five days of thick fog caused thousands of deaths in Britain in December 1952,urging the government to pass the
37、 first Clean Air Act in 1956,which introduced smokeless zones and cleaner fuels to reduce pollution.That may provide some experience for Beijing to refer to.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书5What can we learn from the passage?APeople are clear about the causes of the smoggy weather.BChildren staying indoor
38、s will not get respiratory illnesses.CSmog is worse for people with lower resistance to diseases.D Masks can give people protection against the smoggy weather.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了北京的雾霾使很多人患呼吸类疾病，有人提出政府应该通过一项清洁空气法。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The smog has also led to a great increase in res
39、piratory illnesses,particularly among children and the elderly.”可知，抵抗力差的人更容易在雾霾中患病。故 C 项正确。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书6 Britain is mentioned in the last paragraph to _.Asuggest Beijing should learn from other countriesBlet people know many places have this problemCtell people the situation in Britain
40、 is worseDcall on the government to pass Britains Clean Air Act高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，1952 年英国长达 5 天的雾霾天气造成了数以千计的人死亡，促使政府在 1956 年通过了第一部清洁空气法，这也许给北京人提供了参考建议。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书7Whats the best title for this passage?AThe Use of Gas Masks and RespiratorsBBeijingers Ca
41、ll for Clean Air ActCEffective Protection for Blue SkyDThe Mysterious Causes of the Scary Smog解析：选 B 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了北京人要求治理雾霾，建议政府应该通过一项清洁空气法这一问题。故 B 项正确。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书CEndangered giant pandas are facing a new threat:the loss of their food source,bamboo.In Chinas Qinling Mountains,giant pa
42、ndas spend most of their day eating bamboo.The plant makes up 99%of the pandas diet,with some pandas eating about 40 pounds of it a day.But Qinlings pandas may soon have to find another food source.A new study published in the science journal Nature ClimateChange reports that warming temperatures ma
43、y cause the loss of most of the regions bamboo by the end of the century.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书A team made up of researchers from Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences studied the effects of climate change on the regions three main bamboo species.They studied the influenc
44、e of rising temperatures on the spread and growth of bamboo.Bamboo is sensitive to temperature changes.“Even with a 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit increase in temperature,we found that 80%to 100%of bamboo would be gone by the end of the century，”Jianguo Liu,one of the studys authors said.Shirley Martin,who
45、came from Paris but not involved in the team said that its really a demanding challenge for us to get a desired result.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书The Qinling Mountains,located in eastern China,are home to about 270 pandas.That is about 17%of the worlds wild panda population.The panda is one of the wo
46、rlds most endangered species.In recent years,China has stepped up efforts to protect pandas.But Liu says the country has yet to consider the long-term effects of climate change in its conservation planning.Aside from increasing nature reserve areas(保护区)where pandas are protected,Liu wants China to l
47、ower its use of fuels that release(释放)greenhouse gases.“The future of pandas，”he says,“is in our hands.”高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书8From the first paragraph we can know _.Apandas mainly feed on bambooBQinlings giant pandas have already eaten 99%of the bambooCthe bamboo in Qinling is enough for giant
48、pandasDmost of the bamboo in Qinling must be disappeared in the near future语篇解读：本文主要讲述秦岭大熊猫的食物来源竹子受到威胁。由于气候变暖，到本世纪末，秦岭的大部分竹子也许会遭遇灭顶之灾。研究者们呼吁采取措施进行保护。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第一段“The plant makes up 99%of the pandas diet”可知，B 项表述错误，并非秦岭 99%的竹子已经被大熊猫吃掉了；C 项“秦岭的竹子足够大熊猫吃的，”文章并未提到；D 项错在 mu
49、st be,文中第一段最后一句是“may cause the loss of most of the regions bamboo”。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书9The researchers in the team come from _.ABritain and China Bthe U.S.and ChinaCFrance and the U.S.DGermany and the U.S.解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences”可知，研究
50、者们来自美国密歇根州立大学和中国科学院。故 B 项正确。根据“who came from Paris but not involved in the team”可知，Shirley Martin 来自法国巴黎，但是并不是团队一员，故 C 项不正确。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书10Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the text?ABamboo is sensitive to the changes of temperature.B17%of the worlds wild pandas ar
51、e in Qinling Mountains.CChina is making great efforts to protect giant pandas.DWhether pandas can survive in the future depends on their ability of adaptation.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Bamboo is sensitive to temperature changes.”可知 A 项正确；根据第三段第二句“That is about 17%of the worlds
52、wild panda population.”可知 B 项正确；根据最后一段中的“China has stepped up efforts to protect pandas”可知 C 项正确；根据文章最后一句“The future of pandas，he says,is in our hands.”可知 D 项错误，熊猫的未来掌握在我们的手里，而非“依赖它们的适应能力”。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书11Whats the best title for the text?AThe Endangered Giant PandasBSaving Pandas Food SourceCProtecting the Environment Around UsDThe Terrible Future of Pandas解析：选 B 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述大熊猫的主 食 竹 子 在 秦 岭 面 临 灭 绝。根 据 文 章 首 句“Endangered giant pandas are facing a new threat:the loss of their food source,bamboo.”可知 B 项正确。A 项并非本文主要讨论的话题；C、D 两项也不是文章论述的中心。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书
