1、Module 4Carnival话 题 导 读西方狂欢节，东方嘉年华。空气中弥漫着浓厚的节日气氛，万人空巷。场面宏大的游行，华丽的服饰、精美的食物、盛大的宴会、各色面具、浪漫的“奇遇”。让我们一起走进狂欢节，共同领略这异域的节日风情吧！Carnival is an annual celebration of life found in many countries of the world.And in fact,by learning more about carnival we can learn more about accepting and understanding other c
2、ultures.Many years ago,the followers of the Catholic(基督教的)religion in Italy started the tradition of holding a wild costume festival right before the first day of Lent.Because Catholics are not supposed to eat meat during Lent,they called their festival,carnivalwhich means“to put away the meat”.As t
3、ime passed,carnival in Italy became quite famous and in fact it spread to France,Spain,and all the Catholic countries in Europe.Then as the French,Spanish,and Portuguese began to take control of the Americas and other parts of the world,they brought with them their tradition of celebrating carnival.
4、In order to put a carnival band together,it takes many weeks of preparing and lots of creativity,energy,and patience.The first step is to come up with a theme(主题)or overall concept for the band and to develop costume illustrations(插图)for each dancer.Costumes are then sewn,decorated,and fitted to eac
5、h individual dancer.The larger costumes are usually more difficult to design and build.Huge frames(结构，框)are created by bending wire into shapes,and then covering with paper and other materials.Carnival offers many people a tool for self-expression and exploration(探索),a tool to seek out roots,a tool
6、to develop new forms of looking at the world and its cultures,and finally,a tool to unite the world,to discover what people all over the world have in common,and to celebrate what makes people different.Section Introduction&Reading and VocabularyComprehending练读文 记词汇 学翻译1 教材助读先读通The Magic of the Mask
7、Think of carnival，and you think of crowds，costumes，and confusion.The sounds and sights change from one country toanother but the excitement is the same everywhere.“Carnival”comes from two Latin words,meaning “no more meat”.In Europe,where it began，carnival was followed byforty days without meat,as p
8、eople prepared for the Christianfestival of Easter.People saw Carnival asa last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season.Having fun meant eating，drinking,and dressing up.The most famous carnival in Europe was in Venice.At the beginning，it lasted forjust one day.People ate,drank,and wore ma
9、sks.As time passed，however,the carnival period was extended，so that it began just after Christmas.For weeks on endpeople walked round the streets wearing masks,doing what they wanted without being recognised.Ordinary people could pretendto be rich and important,while famous people could have romanti
10、c adventures in secret.Many crimes went unpunished.The government realised that wearing masks had become a problem.Their use was limited by21 laws,the first of which dates back to22 the fourteenth century23.Men were not allowed to24 wear masks at night；and they were not allowed to dress up as women.
11、In later times more laws were passed.People who wore masks25 could not carry firearms26；and no one could enter a church wearing a mask.If they broke the laws,they were put into prison27 for up to28two years.Finally,when Venice became part of the Austrian empire29，at the end of the eighteenth century
12、,masks were banned30completely,and carnival became just a memory31.But in the late 1970s32the tradition was revived33by students.They began making masks and organising parties,and threw bits of34brightly coloured paper(called coriandoli35)at36 tourists.The town council 37 realised that carnival was
13、good for business,and the festival was developed for tourists.Today,carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February.People arrive from all over Europe to enjoy the fun.Hotels are fully booked38and the narrow streets are crowded with39 wonderful costumes.German,French and English seem to b
14、e the main languages.But the spirit of Venice carnival is not quite40 the same as 41the great American carnivals.If the key42 to Rio is music and movement,then in Venice it is the mystery of the mask.As you wander43 through the streets,you see thousands of maskselegant44 or frightening,sad or amusin
15、g,traditional or modernbut you have no idea what the faces behind them look like.Nobody takes them off45.If the masks come off46，the magic47 is lost.再记住 carnivalk nIvln.狂欢节Think of.and you think of.为“祈使句and陈述句”结构。costumekstju mn.服装；戏装；化装服confusionknfju nn.杂乱；混乱change from.to.从到变化现在分词短语 meaning.作定语，相
16、当于 which means.。be followed by 被跟随；紧跟着ChristiankrIstnadj.基督教的see.as.把看作mean doing 表示“意味着做”。dress up 装扮；打扮at the beginning 从一开始；起初(at first)last(for)持续as time passed 随着时间的推移extendIkstendvt.延长on end 连续地；竖着pretendprItendvi.假装pretend to do sth.假装做某事in secret 秘密地(secretly)go unpunished 没有得到惩罚that wearing
17、 masks had become a problem 为宾语从句，其中动名词短语 wearing masks 在从句中作主语。21 be limited by 受限制22 date back to 追溯到(date from)以上两个短语没有进行时和被动语态。23 of which.为非限制性定语从句，修饰 laws。24 be allowed to do 被允许做25 who wore masks 为定语从句，修饰 people。26 firearmfaIr mn.火器27 put.into prison 把关进监狱28 up to 达到(数量、程度等)29 empireempaIn.帝国
18、30 ban v.(banned；banned)禁止；取缔31 memorymemrin.记忆in memory of 为了纪念32 in the late/early 1970s在 20 世纪 70 年代后/早期33 reviverIvaIvvt.复兴；再兴起；再流行34 bits of 小片的35 called coriandoli 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 paper。36 throw.at.向扔37 councilkansln.地方议会；政务委员会38 bookbkvt.预订39 be crowded with 挤满40 quite 为副词，此处用来加强语气。41 be(not)th
19、e same as.与(不)一样42 key n关键；答案(常与介词 to 连用)43 wanderwndvi.漫步；闲逛wonder v想知道；纳闷44 elegantelIntadj.优美的；高雅的45 take off 除去；去掉；摘下46 come off 掉落；脱落；摘掉47 magicmdIkn.魅力；魔力再翻译面具的魔力想到狂欢节，你就会想到人群、各式各样的服装和热闹非凡的场面。这种场面在每个国家所听到的和看到的各不相同，但人们的兴奋程度在各地都是相同的。“狂欢节”这个词是由两个拉丁词演变而来的，意思是“禁肉食”。欧洲是狂欢节的发源地，在那里，狂欢节过后人们会有40 天不吃肉，在
20、这期间，人们为基督教的节日复活节做准备。人们把狂欢节作为冬季结束前最后一次玩乐的机会。玩乐意味着吃吃喝喝，乔装打扮。欧洲(过去)最著名的狂欢节是在威尼斯。最初，狂欢节只持续一天。人们吃呀、喝呀，并戴上面具。然而，随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间延长了，以至于圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。连续几个星期人们戴着面具走在街上，做想做的事而不会被认出来。普通人可以装扮成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。很多罪行逃脱了惩处。政府意识到戴面具已成为一个问题。它们的使用受到法律的限制，最早的法律条文可追溯到 14 世纪。男子不准在夜间戴面具，并且不能假扮成女性。之后，更多法律条文出台了。戴面具者不得携
21、带火器，不得进入教堂。如果他们违反了法律，就要被判处长达两年的监禁。最后，在 18 世纪末，当威尼斯成为奥地利帝国的一部分时，面具被完全禁止了，狂欢节只成为一个记忆。但在 20 世纪 70 年代后期，狂欢节这个传统节日又被学生们恢复了。他们开始制作面具，并组织聚会，还向游客扔小块的彩色纸片(叫“五彩纸片”)。市镇议会意识到狂欢节对商业是有好处的，因此这个节日得以发展，以吸引更多的游客。如今，威尼斯狂欢节的庆祝活动在二月进行，历时五天。来自欧洲各国的人们在此尽情娱乐。旅店已被预订一空，狭窄的街道上挤满了盛装打扮的人们。德语、法语和英语似乎成为了主要语言。但威尼斯狂欢节的本质与美洲狂欢节有所不同。
22、如果在里约热内卢，狂欢节主要是音乐和游行的话，那么在威尼斯，则是面具的神秘。当你漫步街头时，你会看到成千上万张面具高雅的或可怕的，忧伤的或有趣的，传统的或时尚的但你并不知道面具后是什么样的面孔。没有人摘下面具。如果面具摘掉了，其魔力也就消失了。通语篇 学理解 重分析2语篇理解.Read the text and match the main idea of the paragraphs.1Para.1 AThe meaning of carnival and how it was celebrated.2Para.2 BThe law about wearing masks.3Para.3 C
23、The general impression of carnival.4Para.4 DHow carnival is celebrated today in Venice and the feature of it.5Para.5 ECarnival in Venice and the problem it caused.6Para.6 FThe revival of the tradition of celebrating carnival.答案：16 C A E B F D.Read the text carefully and choose the best answers accor
24、ding to the text.1Where did carnival begin?ALatin America.BEurope.CAmerica.DBritain.2The government in Venice didnt allow people to wear masks because _.Amaking masks wasted lots of money Bthey didnt like people wearing masksCsome of the masks looked very frighteningDmany crimes were committed by th
25、e people wearing masks3The main reason for the revival of the carnival was probably that _.Aboth the young and the old liked it very muchBmasks were magical and attractiveCthe carnival contributed to the development of businessDit was good for students to develop their communication skills4What is t
26、he spirit of the carnival in Venice?AMusic and movement.BMusic and dance.CThe wonderful costumes.DThe mystery of the masks.答案：14 BDCD.Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1In Europe,where it began,carnival was followed by forty days without meat,as people prepared for the Christian
27、festival of Easter.分析In_Europe,_ where_it_began,_ where 引导_定语从句carnival was_followed by_forty_days without_meat,_ 主语 谓语 状语 定语，修饰 daysas people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter.as 引导_地点状语非限制性时间状语从句翻译 欧洲是狂欢节的发源地，在那里，狂欢节过后人们会有 40 天不吃肉，在这期间，人们为基督教的节日复活节做准备。2As time passed,however,the carniv
28、al period was extended,so that it began just after Christmas.分析 As time passed As 引导_主干句：the carnival period was extended so that 引导_ so that it began.时间状语从句结果状语从句翻译 然而，随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间延长了，以至于圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。3For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks,doing what they wanted without
29、being recognised.分析时间状语伴随宾语从句伴随状语翻译 连续几个星期人们戴着面具走在街上，做想做的事而不会被认出来。4As you wander through the streets,you see thousands of maskselegant or frightening,sad or amusing,traditional or modernbut you have no idea what the faces behind them look like.分析第一分句：As you wander through the streetsAs引导_，you see.or amusing，traditional or modern主句第二分句：you have no idea主句what the faces behind them look like_，解释说明idea.时间状语从句同位语从句翻译 当你漫步街头时，你会看到成千上万张面具高雅的或可怕的，忧伤的或有趣的，传统的或时尚的但你并不知道面具后是什么样的面孔。