1、课时分层作业(七).单词拼写1They have driven the rhino to the edge of extinction(灭绝)2Plastic(塑料制的) flowers have always been a particular hate of mine.3Pack ice around Iceland was becoming a threat(威胁) to navigation.4The law would encourage companies to switch(转换) from coal to cleaner fuels.5People are advised to
2、 sort their rubbish to make it easier for the waste to be recycled(再利用)6Troops were sent to the islands to restore(恢复) order last November.7Changes in farming methods have badly affected(影响) employment in the area.8The talk was both informative(知识性强的)and entertaining.9The money could be better spent
3、 on more urgent(紧迫的) cases.10We shouldnt blame(责怪) ourselves for what happened.阅读理解AMost people cant wait for spring to arrive.It means flowers and warmer weather，all welcome changes from the dark winter days.Now we know that spring is arriving sooner in the Northern Hemisphere(北半球)than it was in th
4、e past，thanks to a study published in Scientific Reports.For example，Los Angeles may experience spring only a day earlier than it did 10 years ago，but further north，in Seattle or Chicago，spring will arrive four days earlier.If you lived in the Arctic，spring could arrive 16 days earlier than it used
5、to.To determine how springtime is starting earlier，researchers looked at temperature records and 743 earlier studies over 86 years.These studies were about various biological indicators of spring，including birds migrating，plants flowering and amphibians(两栖动物)sounding their mating calls.Researchers t
6、hen studied these data to see if they were occurring earlier.The result showed that not only is spring making itself known sooner but its warmer，too.Before you go out in a happy springtime hike，spring arriving sooner isnt so good.The livelihood of migratory birds，for instance，may be concerned.“The f
7、ood that birds rely on when they move to the north might not be reliable if the beginning of spring at these higher latitudes(纬度)is expanded by future warming.”said Eric Post.He is a fellow of the John Muir Institute and a polar ecologist.Animals relying on Arctic sea ice，like polar bears，probably a
8、rent crazy about things warming up sooner，either，because it impacts on their ability to hunt.Springs early arrival could cause disorder in the delicate balance of various ecosystemsnot to mention how soon youll need to buy allergy medicine.【语篇解读】文章作者就科学新发现春天比过去来的早，进行阐述。说明了这个气候新发现对人类和动物的影响。1We learn
9、from the study published in Scientific Reports that Aspring comes earliest in Los AngelesBLos Angeles is further north than SeattleCspring comes 12 days earlier in Arctic than in ChicagoDthe further north a place lies，the sooner spring comes than beforeD推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Now we know that spring is arr
10、iving sooner in the Northern Hemisphere(北半球)than it was in the past，thanks to a study published in Scientific Reports.”和第二段“For example，Los Angeles may experience spring only a day earlier than it did 10 years ago，but further north，in Seattle or Chicago，spring will arrive four days earlier.If you li
11、ved in the Arctic，spring could arrive 16 days earlier than it used to.”可知，住着越往北的地方，春天来得越早。故选D项。2Researchers made the discovery mainly by Acomparing related data availableBconducting research and testCcalculating the exact length of each springDobserving animals behavior all year roundA细节理解题。根据文章第三段“
12、To determine how springtime is starting earlier，researchers looked at temperature records and 743 earlier studies over 86 years.These studies were about various biological indicators of spring，including birds migrating，plants flowering and amphibians(两栖动物)sounding their mating calls.Researchers then
13、 studied these data to see if they were occurring earlier.The result showed that not only is spring making itself known sooner but its warmer，too.”可知，通过查阅气温记录和86年来的743项早期研究后，研究者做出了相应的发现。故选A项。3What do the last two paragraphs focus on?AConcerns over springs early arrival.BSpringtime emergence of creat
14、ures.CEarly springtimes impacts on humans.DDisorder in the balance of ecosystems.A主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段提到“The food that birds rely on when they move to the north might not be reliable if the beginning of spring at these higher latitudes(纬度)is expanded by future warming.”和最后一段提到“Animals relying on Arctic s
15、ea ice，like polar bears，probably arent crazy about things warming up sooner，either，because it impacts on their ability to hunt.Springs early arrival could cause disorder in the delicate balance of various ecosystemsnot to mention how soon youll need to buy allergy medicine”可知，最后两段提到了春天提前到来对动物和人类的不良影
16、响。由此可知，最后两段的重点是对春天提前到来的担忧。故选A项。4In which section of a magazine can we read this text?AMedical Report.BSurvival Stories.CScientific Discoveries.DNatural Environment.C推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Now we know that spring is arriving sooner in the Northern Hemisphere(北半球)than it was in the past，thanks to a study pub
17、lished in Scientific Reports.”可知，本篇文章主要是研究气候变化的新发现。因此本篇文章应来自杂志的“科学发现”专栏。故选C项。BThroughout history，humanity has existed sidebyside with viruses and bacteria.From the bubonic plague to smallpox，humanity has evolved to resist these bacteria and viruses.However，there are now new ways for them to infect u
18、s.Climate change is melting permafrost(冻土) areas that have been frozen for thousands of years.As the permafrost melts，so too the ancient bacteria and viruses that have been frozen.These ancient bacteria and viruses，which previously lay inactive in the ice，may spring back to life as the earths climat
19、e warms.In August 2016，a 12yearold boy in the Arctic Circle died and at least twenty people there were hospitalized after having been infected by anthrax(炭疽)Experts studied and concluded that over 75 years ago，a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its body was frozen and trapped under a layer of
20、 permafrost.It stayed there，with the disease inactive，until a heatwave in the summer of 2016.The heatwave melted the permafrost and exposed the reindeer body，which then released the infectious pathogen(病原体) into the nearby water and soil，and then into the food supply.More than 2，000 reindeer feeding
21、 near the body became infected，which then led to a small number of human cases.While you may think the incident is isolated to that area，the fact that longinactive viruses and bacteria might wake up soon due to climate change will affect us all.Pathogenic viruses might be preserved in old permafrost
22、 layers，including some that have caused global epidemics in the past.With climate change，who knows what deadly viruses and bacteria hidden beneath permafrost areas are threatening us.Perhaps it is time for everyone to do their part to stop global warming.【语篇解读】本文讲述了由于全球变暖导致的疫情蔓延，从而呼吁阻止全球变暖。5What doe
23、s the underlined “new ways” refer to?AAncient bacteria and viruses came back to life.BBacteria and viruses have evolved into new types.CBacteria and viruses become more resistant to medicine.DAncient bacteria and viruses remain active in frozen permafrost.A词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“These ancient bacteria and vi
24、ruses，which previously lay inactive in the ice，may spring back to life as the earths climate warms.”可知，现在之前被冰封的古细菌和病菌，随着地球气候的变暖会再度活过来，所以new ways是指古细菌和病菌复活，故选A。6Which is the right order of the case of anthrax in 2016?A 12yearold boy died and many others were infected.Over 2，000 reindeer feeding near
25、the body became infected.The bacteria went into the nearby water，soil，and then food supply.The permafrost melted and the bacteria in the dead reindeer woke up.ABCDA细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Experts studied and concluded that over 75 years ago，a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its body was frozen and tra
26、pped under a layer of permafrost.It stayed there，with the disease inactive，until a heatwave in the summer of 2016.”可知，七十五年前一头鹿感染了炭疽，鹿死了，身体被冰封，病毒休眠，直到2016年的夏季酷热期苏醒。根据“The heatwave melted the permafrost and exposed the reindeer body，which then released the infectious pathogen(病原体) into the nearby wate
27、r and soil，and then into the food supply.More than 2，000 reindeer feeding near the body became infected，which then led to a small number of human cases.”可知，这些苏醒的病原体进入到附近的水、土地然后进入食物中，感染了超过2 000头鹿，然后感染了人类，根据第三段中的“In August 2016，a 12yearold boy in the Arctic Circle died and at least twenty people there
28、 were hospitalized after having been infected by anthrax(炭疽)”可知，在2016年一个十二岁的男孩感染炭疽并死去，并感染了其他人。所以顺序为 ，故选A。7Why does the writer write this text?ATo introduce an ancient virus，anthrax.BTo call on people to stop global warming.CTo encourage people to study ancient viruses.DTo warn of the danger of melti
29、ng permafrost.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Perhaps it is time for everyone to do their part to stop global warming.”作者认为是时候大家一起来阻止全球变暖了，可推断，作者写此文的目的是号召人们阻止全球变暖。故选B。8In which section can we most possibly read this text on a website?AGeography.BEnvironment.CEducation.DMedicine.B推理判断题。本文主要是讲全球变暖导致疫情的蔓延，所以属于环境类，故选B。
30、.阅读七选五Youngsters usually benefit from having a relationship with someone older and wiser to mentor(指导) them.The mentor might be a teacher，family member or more experienced peer.However，not everyone is suitable to be an influential，positive role model. 1 Here are some common characteristics of good r
31、ole models.They are confident.Most people admire those who have much confidence in themselves. 2 So they are able to acknowledge their skills and achievements without becoming arrogant (自大的 )Just as Child Development Specialist Dr.Robyn Silverman suggests，healthy selfconfidence shows as pride in who
32、 you are and what youve learned throughout your life. 3 Role models show their commitment to a desired goal by their actions and are willing to invest the necessary time and effort to achieve success.They dont give up easily and continue trying when faced with challenges.Their determination to succe
33、ed encourages youngsters to follow through and reach the goals they set for themselves.They are respectful. 4 Young people appreciate being treated with respect and admire those who treat them and others that way.Role models who show selflessness and an equal，nonprejudiced view of those different fr
34、om them earn the admiration of others.They are optimistic and creative.Role models inspire others with a positive outlook on life.For example，a community leader faced with a financial setback (挫折) might welcome the opportunity to organize a fundraising project that pulls everyone together in a const
35、ructive manner. 5 AThey are hardworking.BThey are knowledgeable.CRole models show respect for others.DPick someone having the same hobbies and similar qualities as you.EGood role models have a healthy appreciation of their accomplishments.FEffective role models possess desirable characteristics that
36、 make them easy to look up to.GRole models tend to see the bright side in difficult situations and can find creative solutions.【语篇解读】文章介绍一些好的榜样的共同特征。1F根据上文提示“然而，并不是每个人都适合成为有影响力的正面榜样。”再根据下文提示“以下是一些好的榜样的共同特征。”承接上下文，F项切题。故选F。2E根据上文提示“他们有信心。大多数人都钦佩那些对自己有信心的人。”再根据下文提示“因此，他们能够承认自己的技能和成就，而不会变得傲慢。”承接上下文，E项切题。故选E。3A根据下文提示“榜样通过行动表明他们对期望目标的承诺，并愿意投入必要的时间和精力来取得成功。”承接下文，A项They are hardworking.切题。故选A。4C根据本段首句“他们是有礼貌的。”再根据下文提示“年轻人喜欢被尊重并欣赏那些尊重自己和他人的人。”承接上下文，C项Role models show respect for others.切题。故选C。5G根据上文提示“例如，一个面临财务挫折的社区领导人可能会欢迎组织一个筹款项目的机会，以建设性的方式把大家团结在一起。”承接上文，G项切题。故选G。