1、 阅读理解A(2019陕西摸底检测)Thomas Hardy, probably the most searching and knowledgeable novelist of his time, was born on June 2，1840, in Dorsetshire, England. He died on January 11，1928. In his youth, Hardy read much and dreamt of becoming a poet, but he studied and practiced architecture as an assistant to
2、a London architect, winning a prize for design. The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training.For five years Hardy worked hard to practice writing poetry, but when he was twentyseven, he turned to fiction. His first novel finished by 1867,
3、but according to the advice of George Meredith he decided not to publish it. After he abandoned his first novel, his another novel Desperate Remedies, appeared in 1871. During the next twentyfive years he published ten more novels and two collections of short stories.Under the Greenwood Tree(1872) w
4、as never surpassed(超越) in happy and delicate perfection of art. This and his next novel, A Pair of Blue Eyes(1873), began to show deep irony(讽刺) which is so obvious throughout Hardys writings.Far from the Madding Crowd(1874) was his first popular success. It shows Hardys amazing power of describing
5、nature as symbolic background for his characters, an organic part of the action of his story. This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the dUrbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure. Not until he was fi
6、ftyeight years old was his first collection of poems published, and he was sixtyfour when the first part of his drama The Dynasts surprised the literary world.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品。1How did Thomas Hardy benefit from his architectural career?AHe could practice writing while workin
7、g.BHe made a lot of money to support his writing.CHe found material for his novels and poems.DHe applied architectural knowledge in his novels.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training.”可知，在他的小说中细腻的结构描述可能得益于他在建筑方面的学习
8、训练，即他把建筑知识应用到了他的小说中。故选D项。2What is Thomas Hardys Under the Greenwood Tree considered to be?AOne of his masterworks.BHis first popular success.CHis best novel in perfection of art.DOne of his best collections of poems.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Under the Greenwood Tree(1872) was never surpassed(超越) in happy a
9、nd delicate perfection of art.”可知，绿树林下在艺术的巧妙和熟练方面从未被超越。3Which of the following is one of his novels of character and environment?ADesperate Remedies.BA Pair of Blue Eyes.CTess of the dUrbervilles.DThe Dynasts.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and envi
10、ronment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the dUrbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure.”可知，Tess of the dUrbervilles是性格和环境小说，故选C。4What type of writing is this text?AA novel.BA biography.CA book review.DA news report.B解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品，属于人物传记，故选B。B
11、The worlds seas and oceans support nearly half of all species on Earth, but we arent one of them. We cant drink the salt water, walk on the surface, or breathe in it. Yet now, over onethird of the total human population, nearly 2.4 billion people, lives within 100 km of a coast.Few people have a dee
12、per connection with the sea than the Bajau Laut of Southeast Asia. Sometimes known as “sea gypsies”， they live in house boats or houses built on top of coral reefs(珊瑚礁) and when they do spend the night on the ground sometimes, they often report feeling “landsick”. Malaysias best Bajau free divers ca
13、n dive to depths of over 20 metres and stay there for several minutes on a single breath. Besides, studies on some “sea gypsy” children from Thailand and Burma show they have unusual good underwater eyesight because their eyes have adapted to the liquid environment.The Bajau Lauts livelihood is trad
14、itionally totally dependent on the resources of the sea, so fishing is vitally important to them, but different cultures have different ways of catching fish. In the waters off Laguna in Brazil, fishermen use dolphins to drive crowds of fish into their nets.When the fish are within catching distance
15、, the dolphins leap out of the water as the sign to the fishermen that they should now throw their nets. The dolphins then stop the fish as they manage to escape from the nets.But the ocean isnt just about food. In ancient Hawaii, chiefs used surfing competitions to show off their power and skills.
16、Nowadays bigwave surfers do the same, monitoring(监测) conditions around the world to ensure they are in the right place at the right time when the giants come rolling in. If only we had a good relationship with the ocean.Sadly, it is now assessed that we may have removed as much as 90% of the oceans
17、large fish. And since the ocean absorbs 50% of the carbon dioxide we release into the atmosphere, we are continually increasing the acidification(酸化) of the ocean.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。海洋提供给人类丰富的资源，和人类的生存发展密切相关。本文讲述了人类和海洋的关系。5When “sea gypsies” live on the land at times, they feel _. AexcitedBuncomfortable
18、ChappyDembarrassedB解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的when they do spend the night on the ground sometimes, they often report feeling “landsick”可知，在陆地上感觉好像生病了，即并不舒服。6What can be learned about fishing off Laguna?AWhen fish want to flee, dolphins will save them.BDolphins are smart partners of the fishermen there.CIts a
19、sign to draw nets when dolphins jump out of the water.DFishermen do nothing when dolphins catch fish for them.B解析：推理判断题。第三段中详细描述了在巴西海豚帮助渔民捕鱼的精彩细节，所以可以推断出海豚是渔民聪明的好帮手。7What is the authors attitude towards the relationship between humans and the ocean?ACurious. BEnthusiastic.CUninterested. DConcerned.D
20、解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者对于人类和海洋的关系还是很担忧的。 完形填空A few years ago, I was working in a small office. I noticed that even though the organisation was not 1 ， we often worked in separate teams, and while everyone was friendly, we were not very close to each other and not very 2 One particular week, I decided t
21、o make people 3 ， but I wanted to do it secretly, perhaps with the slight 4 that itd invite a sense of trust or playfulness in the work culture. So one evening, I wrote a few 5 with quotes which I felt have 6 me over the years. The next morning, I went to work a bit early and 7 posted them up by the
22、 sinks and mirrors in the office restrooms. Maybe people would 8 the quotes and perhaps it might just help 9 someones day.For the next few months, some of the quotes got taken down, but a couple 10 . So perhaps others liked them, too.Finally, I 11 that organisation and went to work for another compa
23、ny. A couple of years passed, during which time Id still get emails 12 from my old boss and teammates every so often.A few months ago, I was 13 to a reunion with them to hear how the project I had 14 was going. I had really enjoyed working with my team, and was 15 to see them all again. Towards the
24、end of the event, I went to the 16 and noticed the quote I had written three years ago was still up in the 17 spot by the mirror! It read：The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new lands, but seeing with new eyes.Marcel ProustMaybe the quote simply blended into(融合) the background for t
25、he employees, or perhaps it still 18 as a shining reminder of something important.It was such a 19 reminder. We never know how long a seed(种子) will take to come out and give fruit, but we should simply keep 20 seeds of kindness in our hearts.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己为了让同事之间的关系更融洽偷偷在洗手间贴上励志语录的故事。1A.huge
26、BrichCdistantDgoodA解析：根据本段中的in a small office可知，作者所在的机构并不“大(huge)”。2A.similarBordinaryCfamiliarDcomfortableC解析：根据空前的while everyone was friendly, we were not very close to each other可知，同事之间并不十分“熟悉(familiar)”。3A.sighBsmileCreplyDshoutB解析：根据本段中的itd invite a sense of trust or playfulness in the work cul
27、ture可知，作者想博同事们一“笑(smile)”，“希望(hope)”同事之间彼此信任，创造一种轻松有趣的氛围。4A.pityBhopeCsightDdoubtB解析：同上题。5A.notesBreportsCnoticesDpoemsA解析：根据本段中的with quotes可知，作者在一些“便条(notes)”上写上了多年来“激励(encouraged)”着自己的话语。6A.excitedBsatisfiedCshockedDencouragedD解析：同上题。7A.patientlyBcalmlyCnaturallyDquicklyD解析：根据本段中的I wanted to do it
28、 secretly可知，作者早早来到工作的地方，“快速地(quickly)”把写好的便条贴在了洗手间的水池和镜子上。8A.acceptBprepareCenjoyDrememberC解析：根据下文中的So perhaps others liked them, too.可知，作者希望有人会“喜欢(enjoy)”便条上的话，也希望这些话能帮助人们在新的一天“精神焕发(freshen)”。9A.freshenBspendCorganiseDtreasureA解析：同上题。10A.appearedBmatchedCremainedDincreasedC解析：根据空前的some of the quote
29、s got taken down, but.可知，有些便条被取走了，但是有些“还在(remained)”。11A.introducedBleftCchargedDboughtB解析：根据空后的went to work for another company可知，作者后来“离开了(left)”那家机构。12A.sentBreadCfinishedDpublishedA解析：根据空前的Id still get emails可知，作者在离开的这些年里不时还会收到以前老板和同事“发来(sent)”的邮件。13A.takenBrushedCledDinvitedD解析：根据本段中的to hear how
30、 the project可知，几个月前，作者被以前的同事们“邀请(invited)”回去重聚，听取他之前“做过(worked on)”的一个项目的进展。14A.looked intoBthought aboutCworked onDfound outC解析：同上题。15A.surprisedBhappyCluckyDsorryB解析：根据空前的I had really enjoyed working with my team，可知，作者很“高兴(happy)”再见到昔日的同事。16A.classroomBwaiting roomCbathroomDmeeting roomC解析：根据第二段中的
31、posted them up by the sinks and mirrors in the office restrooms及该句中的noticed the quote I had written three years ago was still up.by the mirror可知，聚会快结束的时候，作者到了“洗手间(bathroom)”竟发现自己三年前写的便条还贴在镜子的“同一(same)”位置上。17A.sameBonlyCfirstDnextA解析：同上题。18A.showed upBturned outCmade upDstood outD解析：根据空前的simply blend
32、ed into(融合) the background可知，这张便条或许已经融入员工的生活环境中，或许依然作为某些重要事情的提醒待在“显眼(stood out)”的位置上。19A.strangeBsweetCsimpleDsmartB解析：根据文中对作者发现自己三年前写的便条还在的描述可知，作者认为这是一个“甜蜜的(sweet)”回忆。20A.savingBstoringCproducingDplantingD解析：根据空前的We never know how long a seed(种子) will take to come out and give fruit, but.可知，虽然不知道善意的种子需要多久才能开花结果，但我们还是应该不停地“播种(planting)”。