1、高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书在信息时代的今天，人们越来越关注国内外的重要事件和焦点问题，因此英语时文类阅读越来越受到高考命题者的青睐，成为当今高考命题的一大热点和必不可少的题型。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书一、题材特点时文报道有着自己独特的文体特征，通常由标题(Headline)、导语(Lead)和正文(Body)三部分组成。标题概括全文的核心问题；导语位于时文报道的首段，高度概括时文事实；正文则进一步阐述说明事件发生的来龙去脉，并提供一些必要的背景材料或知识。“倒金字塔”(Inverted Pyramid)结构(附图)是时文报道中最常见的一种篇
2、章结构，文章常用倒叙和插叙，插入人物访谈或评论，思维的跳跃性很大。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书而 5 个 W(when,where,who,what,why)和 1 个 H(how)是构成一则完整新闻的基本要素(附图)。了解这些文体特征可以使读者提高阅读效率，在最短时间内把握时文事实，了解事件真相。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书二、解题策略1细读导语，抓住时文主旨根据时文类文章“倒金字塔”的结构特点，可知导语是整篇文章的高度概括，所以文章的第一句话或第一段尤为关键，往往是该时文的精华与灵魂，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。而这里也常常会是长难句，所以在
3、导语部分要不吝惜时间，弄明白意思，至少要做到基本理解。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2定位查读，把握时文细节针对时事新闻类阅读理解的细节题，考生首先要善于捕捉时文细节，明确时文最主要的几方面，把握时文的六大要素，即何时、何地、何人、何事、何因及如何(when,where,who,what,why,how)。也可以根据题干的关键词，采用定位、查读的方法搜寻所考查的细节描述，然后与选项进行比较，最后确定答案。某些细节也会用来设计深层的推断题，那么就要注意结合文章的主旨，以及文章中的直接引语，因为这些引语往往表达了某种意见。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3
4、梳理框架，辨长难句主干在了解文章基本的框架结构之后，要注意始终把重点放在其最主要的内容上，不要被细枝末节以及和主旨不相关的难词、难句所迷惑。不过，检测所涉及的关键句又常常是长句或者含有习语、难词的句子。理解长句要从其最主要的意义入手，也就是明确谁做了什么或者怎么样，而其他的各种插入语、修饰语也就容易理解了，对于较难理解的词句，一定要联系上下文和文章的主旨才能够把握到位，才不至于被各种似是而非的迷惑项所影响。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4精泛结合，巧用略读扫读从上面讲的可以看出，英语时文中每个段落和每个词句的重要性并不是相等的，阅读时需要精读和泛读的有机结合。首先应泛读全
5、篇，采用跳读或略读技巧选择性地浏览全文，忽略次要信息，以快速了解全文的主旨和框架。其次，通过泛读确定主要内容之后，对主题或支持主旨的重要细节和语句、语段需认真细读精读，深层理解，以获得更详细或解题答题之信息，如特定的事件、地点、时间、人物、原因及如何发生等细节信息，即所谓的 5W1H 时文要素。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书考试时利用略读、扫读来迅速找到某一特定信息在短文中的位置，并以这个位置为中心，扩展到上文和下文，寻求正确答案。考生要学会用扫视的方法寻找信息。扫视时，眼睛要纵向而不是横向移动，运用扫视来扩大视觉范围帮助考生又快又准确地捕捉到想要查找的信息。高考专题辅导
6、与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书三、经典案例 (2014四川阅读理解 C)A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的)reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy,nine,restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzys
7、mother,Debbie,immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father,so decided to use CPR.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书However,she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough,so she stamped on her fathers chest instead.Debbie then took over with some more conve
8、ntional chest compressions(按压)until the ambulance arrived.Izzy,who has been given a bravery award by her school,said:“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said
9、 that Dad was going to hospital with a bigfootprint on his chest.”高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书“Shes a little star，”said Debbie.“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just cant believe what she did.I really think all children should be taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up.Colm
10、 had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.”Truck driver Colm,35,suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital,but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled,pr
11、eventing him from breathing,his blood pressure dropped suddenly,and his heart stopped for a moment.He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书39Izzy kicked her father in the chest _Ato express her helplessnessBto practise CPR on himCto keep him awakeDto restart his
12、heart高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书40Whats the right order of the events?Izzy kicked Colm.Debbie called 999.Izzy learned CPR.Colms heart stopped.A BCD高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书41What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?AWhat Colm suffered.BColms present condition.CWhat caused Colms allergy.DSymptoms of C
13、olms allergic reaction.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书42Why does the author write the news?ATo describe a serious accident.BTo prove the importance of CPR.CTo report a 9-year-old girls brave act.DTo call peoples attention to allergic reaction.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书1.破解阅读障碍词 利用词缀法破解障碍词前缀 re-start(v.开始
14、)restart(v.重新开始)brave(adj.勇敢的)后缀-rybravery(n.勇敢)treat(v.治疗)后缀-menttreatment(n.治疗)recover (v.恢复)后缀-yrecovery (n.恢复)高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2分析长难句译文：一个女学生的父亲由于严重过敏反应导致心脏骤停后，她通过踢父亲的胸部挽救了他的生命。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书译文：第二次犯病如此严重以至于他的气道肿胀，阻止了他的呼吸，他的血压突然下降，他的心脏也停了一会儿高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3文章结构高考专题
15、辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4技法分析39找词：题干中的关键词为 kicked。定位：第二段；根据该段中的“Izzy,nine,restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩)on his chest.”可知，伊兹踢她父亲的胸部是为了让她父亲的心脏重新跳动起来，来救父亲的命。选 D。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书40.找词：题干中的关键词为 the right order。定位：根据文章内容可知，伊兹首先学会心脏复苏术，她父亲的心脏停止了，再结合第三段中的“Izzys mother,Debbie,immediately
16、 called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father,so decided to use CPR.”可知，母亲打 999 在伊兹踢她父亲的胸部之前。选 C。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书41分析该段大意：卡车司机 Colm 遭受了神秘的过敏反应，在星期六被送往医院，但被送回家后第二天再次发生过敏反应。这次是如此严重，气道肿胀，使他不能呼吸，血压突然下降，心脏暂停跳动。提炼主旨：本段主要谈论的是 A 项所表述的内容。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4
17、2定位：由题干信息可定位到首段。详读：首段点明了文章主旨：一个女学生的父亲因严重的过敏反应心脏停止跳动，她用踢踹胸部的方式救了她父亲的生命。推理：由首段信息推断选 C 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书A(2015洛阳市统一考试)A team of British surgeons has carried out Gazas(加沙)first organ transplant for a long-term plan to train local medical staff to perform the operations.Two patients underwent
18、kidney(肾脏)transplants at the Shifa,Gazas biggest public hospital.The operations were conducted a fortnight ago by a volunteer medical team from the Royal Liverpool hospital.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Ziad Matouk,42,was born with one kidney and was diagnosed with renal failure(肾衰竭)several years ago.Ma
19、touk,whose wife donated one of her kidneys,hopes to return to his job within six months.The couple had sought a transplant in Cairo,but were rejected as unsuitable at a state hospital and could not afford the fee at a private hospital.“We were desperate，”said Matouk.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书The UK-
20、Gaza link-up began about a year ago after Abdelkader Hammad,a doctor at the Royal Liverpool hospital,was contacted by an anaesthetist(麻醉师)at the Shifa,who outlined the difficulties the Gaza hospital was facing with dialysis(透析).The Shifa is forced to rely on generators because of power cuts;spare pa
21、rts for its aging dialysis machines have been difficult to import;and supplies of consumables are often scarce.After an exploratory trip last April,Hammad,whose family is Palestinian,and threecolleagues from Liverpool arrived in Gaza via Egypt last month,bringing specialist equipment.Two patients we
22、re selected for surgery.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书The first,Mohammed Duhair,42,received a kidney donated by his younger brother in a six-hour operation.Two days later,Matouk received a transplant after his wife,Nadia,36,was found to be a good match.The surgery was carried out by the British team,ass
23、isted by doctors and nurses from the Shifa.“We are very satisfied with the results，”said Sobbi Skaik,head of surgery at the Gaza hospital.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Skaik hopes that Gaza medical teams will eventually carry out kidney transplants independently,and that other organ transplants may foll
24、ow.The Shifa is working with the Gaza ministry of health on a plan to train its doctors,surgeons,nursing staff and laboratory technicians in transplant surgery at the Royal Liverpool.“Funding is a problem，”said Hammad.“In the meantime well go back as volunteers to Gaza for the next couple of years t
25、o do more transplants.”The Liverpool teams next visit is scheduled for May.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书1What effect does Gazas first organ transplant hope to get?AHelping poor Gaza people to regain health to make more money.B Releasing Gaza hospitals pressure of lack of professional doctors.CAssisting
26、 the Royal Liverpool hospital in perfectingtheir operations.D Calling for international attention at Gazas poor medical service.语篇解读：文章报道了加沙因为缺乏专业的外科手术医生而和英国的 Royal Liverpool 医院合作，通过做第一个器官移植手术，培训当地的医生。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 B 细节理解题。从文章的第一段“A team of British surgeons has carried out Gazas (加沙
27、)first organ transplant for a long-term plan to train local medical staff to perform the operations.”可以得知，加沙的第一个器官移植希望得到的效果是培训当地的医生。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2Why did the state hospital refuse to practice surgery for Ziad Matouk?ABecause he couldnt afford the fee at a public hospital.BBecause the ho
28、spital didnt accept dangerous patients.CBecause they couldnt find a matched organ.DBecause his condition was untreatable.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The couple had sought a transplant in Cairo,but were rejected as unsuitable at a state hospital and could not afford the fee at a
29、private hospital.”可知，州医院拒绝为 Ziad Matouk 做外科手术是因为他们无法找到与之匹配的器官，故 C 项正确；A 项错误，根据文中的“could not afford the fee at a private hospital.”可排除。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3What is the beginning of the cooperation between the Royal Liverpool hospital and Gaza?AA UK doctor contacted Gaza hospital.BThe Shifa impo
30、rted medical machines from the UK.CZiad Matouks condition seemed to get worse.DA Shifa doctor turned to Royal Liverpool hospital for help.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第四段中首句可知，Royal Liverpool hospital 和 Gaza 的合作始于 Shifa 的一个医生向 Royal Liverpool hospital 的求助。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4What
31、did Dr.Hammad and his team do recently?AThey had an exploratory trip in Egypt last April.BThey carried out surgeries to test Gazas medical equipment.CThey carried out two transplant surgeries in Gaza.DThey sought assistance from the hospital of the Shifa.解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，Dr.Hammad 和他的团队最近在加沙实施
32、了两个移植手术，故 C项正确。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书BAn eighteen-year-old high school student from Utah won the top prize in the Intel Science Talent Search in the United States.The winner received a computer and a scholarship for a college education.More than 1，500 students from across the country entered pro
33、jects in the competition this year.Their research included chemistry,medicine,physics,mathematics,engineering,and computer science almost every area of science.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Forty students were invited to Washington D.C.for the final judging.A group of scientists judged them on their res
34、earch abilities,critical thinking skills and creativity.The judges also questioned the students about scientific problems before deciding on the winners.The top winner received 100，000 dollars for college.Shannon Babb of American Fork High School studied the water quality of tile Spanish Fork River
35、in Utah for six years.She found that people have a harmful effect on the river through human activities,including agriculture.And she suggested ways to improve the water quality in the future.These include educating the public not to put household chemicals down the drains(下水道),which lead to the riv
36、er eventually.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Seventeen-year-old Yi Sun of the Hanker School in San Jose,California,earned the second place.He won a 75，000-dollar scholarship for new discoveries about a mathematical theory known as random walks.His work could help computer scientists and chemists.Yi Sun w
37、as born in China.The third-place winner was also seventeen and born in China.Yuan “Chelsea”Zhang of Montgomery Blair High School in Rockville,Maryland,won a 50，000-dollar scholarship.She researched the molecular genetics(分子遗传学)of heart disease.Her findings could aid the development of new medicines.
38、高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书The Intel Science Talent Search is the oldest science competition for high school students in the United States.It is 65 years old this year.Past winners have gone on to receive six Nobel prizes and other top honors in science and math.语篇解读：文章报道了美国的 the Intel Science Talent
39、 Search 的比赛，介绍获奖学生的情况和获奖的原因。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书5What do we know about the talent search project?AMost of its winners have received Nobel prizes.BThe project includes research in every area of science.COnly a small part of the students can attend the final judging.DMost of the winners come fro
40、m Asian countries.解析：选 C 推理判断题。从第二段的第一句及第三段第一句话可知有 1 500 多名学生参加比赛，但是只有 40 个人被邀请参加决赛，所以只有小部分学生可以参加决赛。故选C 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书6According to the text,_.Awater quality in Utah will be better than that in the other statesBthe river was polluted only by those living near itCShannon Babb suggested
41、more than one way to improve the water qualityDhousehold chemicals should be kept in the drains forever高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 C 细节理解题。从文章第四段的句子“And she suggested ways to improve the water quality in the future.These include educating the public not to put household chemicals down the drains(
42、下水道),which lead to the river eventually.”可知 Shannon Babb 提出不止一个方法改善水的质量。故选 C 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书7Which of the following about the girl from Maryland is NOT true?AThe scholarship she received was half as many as Shannon Babb.BHer discovery is of great help to Chinese medicine.CHer research w
43、ill contribute to the cure of heart disease.D She and the second-place winner Yi Sun have something in common.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 B 细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段可知她的奖金是 Shannon Babb 的一半，她的研究会有助于心脏病的治疗，并且她和第二名获奖者来自相同的地方，但是文章没有说她的发现对中药有帮助，故选 B 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书8Where are you most likely to find
44、 this text?AIn a newspaper.BIn a handbook.CIn a textbook.DIn a medical magazine.解析：选 A 文章出处题。文章报道了美国的 the Intel Science Talent Search 的比赛，介绍获奖学生的情况和获奖的原因，所以是新闻类的文章，应该出现在报纸上。故选 A 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书CHeavy snow and low temperatures caused further damage across northern Europe on Monday strand
45、ing(滞留的)travelers,snarling(混乱的)traffic and shutting schools.More than 1，000 flights at Germanys main airports in Frankfurt,Munich and Berlin were canceled and many more delayed after up to 40cm of fresh snow covering the country.Some 500 passengers slept at Frankfurt airport.Airlines advised passeng
46、ers to take trains if possible.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书In the United Kingdom,British Airways said the severe weather continued to cause great damage to operations and further travel.Only one of two runways at London Heathrow,the worlds busiest international airport,was operating after the snowstor
47、m.Other UK airports were open,but many flights were canceled,and many passengers spent a second night at an airport terminal(终点站).Northern France was also covered by heavy snow.Air travel was reduced at Paris two main airports,with Orly airport shutting down.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书In Poland,hard
48、hit by the cold weather,six people froze to death on Sunday night,raising the death toll to 114 in the last month.Heavy snow stopped Warsaw traffic again on Monday.Warsaw airport was open but was receiving far fewer passengers than usual because of flight cancellations in western Europe.语篇解读：本文叙述的是因
49、为大雪和低温使北欧许多航班取消，造成了大量乘客滞留的事。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书9Which of the following was NOT related to heavy snow and low temperatures?AThat more travelers stayed in the airport.BThat workers were on strike for better public traffic.CThat many schools had to stop having classes.DThat traffic didnt run as
50、usual.解析：选 B 细节理解题。由第一段可知，大雪和低温造成了游客滞留、交通瘫痪和学校停课。故选 B。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书10The underlined word “canceled”in the second paragraph means“_”.Acontinued BconsideredCstoppedDforgotten解析：选 C 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，由于大雪和低温，机场的航班被取消了。cancel 表示“取消”，所以选 C。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书11The worlds busiest internati
51、onal airport is _.ABerlin airportBParis airportCWarsaw airportDLondon Heathrow airport解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Only one of two runways at London Heathrow,the worlds busiest international airport,was operating after the snowstorm.”可知。答案：选 D 高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书12We can conclude from the passage that _
52、.Amore people are likely to die because of the cold weather in EuropeBfewer people will travel in Europe in such cold weatherCthe snowstorm is the worst in the history of the UKDall airports will be shut down解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段以及上下文可知，由于大雪和严寒以及一些航班的取消，在这样的天气中将会有越来越少的游客到欧洲旅游。故选 B。答案：选 B 高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书